• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2001

Wastewater from the pigment industry has high levels of organics and is known as hardly biodegradable. The objective of this study is to evaluate the applicability of aerobic fixed-bed boifilm reactor packed with ceramic support carrier for the pigment wastewater treatment. Orange 2(widely used azo pigment) adsorption experiment onto biofilm and activated sludge, and continuous treatment experiments were performed. In batch adsorption experiment, maximum adsorption quantity of biofilm was at least two times higher than that of activated sludge. In continuous experiment using aerobic fixed-bed biodilm reactor, the influent concentration of COD and Orange 2 were 75~500mg/${\ell}$(0.45~3.00kg COD/$m^3.day), 5~50mg/$\ell$(0.03~0.30kg Orange 2/$m^3$.day), respectively. At a COD loading rate 2.5kg COD/$m^3$.day and Orange 2 loading rate of 0.18kg Orange 2/$m^3$.day, removal efficiency of COD and Orange 2 were over 95%, 97%, respectively.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1974

The extraction mode of orange-yellow pigment from Gardenia is depended upon the extraction time, extraction temperature and volume of solvent. The amounts of the extracted-pigment (C) is proportional to the log ${\theta}^{1.15}$ of extraction time $({\theta}:0{\cdots}{\cdots}{\cdots}60$ min.), the log $T^{3.73}$ of extraction temperature $(T:5{\cdots}{\cdots}{\cdots}60^{\circ}C)$ and the log $S^{3.7}$ of volume of solvent $(S:5{\cdots}{\cdots}{\cdots}50ml)$ at $18^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes. Finally, the general emperical equation was derived as follows; C=1.15 log ${\theta}$+3.73 log T+3.7 log S-7.0

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.143-149
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• 1994

Carotenoids isolated from orange peels were determined physicocohemical properties with TLC, UV-spectrophotometer and HPLC etc., and the results were as follows . Maximum absorption wavelength of the isolated carotenoids was 415nm when the result was similar to $\beta$-carotene as 423nm. Eight spots were obtianed from TLC, and identified lutein, lycopene, $\alpha$-carotene and $\beta$-carotene with HPLC. The effect pH during the storage period of isolate carotenoids, the period when the amount of pigment retention was over 50% in pH 5, 6 and 7 , after 10 days . The amount of pigment retention was lower in control than in treatment of sugars such as fructose, glucose and sorbitol , but sucrose was similar to the control, Isolated carotenoids were stable to ascorbic acid, and the amount of pigment retention was over 70% after 10 days. The amount of pigment retention in the effect oforganic acid was higher in treated citric acid , lactic acid and tartaric acid than in control, but lower in treated maleic acid and succinic acid. Isolated carotenoids were stable at 50 $^{\circ}C$, and the amount of pigment retention was over 50% at 10$0^{\circ}C$.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 1975

미쇄(微碎)한 치자분말(粉末)에서 Orange-Yellow 색소(色素)를 추출(抽出)하면 짧은 시간(時間)에서 $log\;t^{1{\cdot}15}$에 비례(比例)하였고 최적(最適) 추출시간(抽出時間)은 30분(分)이 선정(選定)되었으며 온도(溫度)가 상승(上昇)함에 따라 $log\;T^{3{\cdot}73}$에 비례(比例)하였고 최적(最適) 추출온도(抽出溫度)는 $40^{\circ}C$가 선정(選定) 되었으며 시료(試料) 0.1 g당(當) 용매량(溶媒量)의 증가(增加)에는 $log\;S^{3{\cdot}7}$의 색소(色素) 추출량(抽出量)을 나타냈고, 지방(脂肪)을 완전(完全)히 제거(除去)한 시료(試料)는 전혀 제거(除去)하지 않은 시료(試料)보다 $0.6(O.D\;448\;m{\mu})$만큼의 좋은 추출효과(抽出效果)를 보였다. 이들을 綜合하여, $P_{total}{\simeq}1.15\;log\;t+3.73\;log\;T+3.7\;log\;S-4X-6.4$ $P_{total}$: total amounts of extracted orange-yellow pigment from Gardenia. t: extraction time $(0.5{\sim}60\;min)$ T: extraction temperature $(5{\sim}50^{\circ}C)$ S: volume of solvent $(5{\sim}50\;ml)$ X: fat contents $(0{\sim}15%)$ 와 같은 수정(修正)된 실험식(實驗式)을 유도했다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2017

The Monascus azaphilone (MAz) pigment is a well-known food colorant that has yellow, orange and red components. The structures of the yellow and orange MAz differ by two hydride reductions, with yellow MAz being the reduced form. Orange MAz can be non-enzymatically converted to red MAz in the presence of amine derivatives. It was previously demonstrated that mppE and mppG are involved in the biosynthesis of yellow and orange MAz, respectively. However, ${\Delta}mppE$ and ${\Delta}mppG$ knockout mutants maintained residual production of yellow and orange MAz, respectively. In this study, we deleted the region encompassing mppD, mppE and mppG in M. purpureus and compared the phenotype of the resulting mutant (${\Delta}mppDEG$) with that of an mppD knockout mutant (${\Delta}mppD$). It was previously reported that the ${\Delta}mppD$ strain retained the ability to produce MAz but at approximately 10% of the level observed in the wildtype strain. A chemical analysis demonstrated that the ${\Delta}mppDEG$ strain was still capable of producing both yellow and orange MAz, suggesting the presence of minor MAz route(s) not involving mppE or mppG. Unexpectedly, the ${\Delta}mppDEG$ strain was observed to accumulate fast-eluting pigments in a reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. A LC-MS analysis identified these pigments as ethanolamine derivatives of red MAz, which had been previously identified in an mppE knockout mutant that produces high amounts of orange MAz. Although the underlying mechanism is largely unknown, this study has yielded an M. purpureus strain that selectively accumulates red MAz.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.321-324
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• 2000

Monascus purpureus ATCC 16365에 의한 5-liter 배양기에서 pH 조절을 통하여 세포외로 이차대사물인 수용성 적색소의 생산 증가 현상 와 황색소 보다 적색소로의 대사과정을 촉진시켜 적색소의 생산성을 향상시킬수 있는지의 가능성에 대하여 실험을 수행하였다. 황색소와 적색소의 분석은 UV-Vis spectrophotometer를 이용하여 각각 385nm 와 495nm에서 측정하였다. 실험결과 곰팡이의 최대균체량과 황${\cdot}$적색소를 포함한 총 색소 생산양은 pH 8보다 pH 4.0-5.5인 산성조건에서 2배 및 4배정도 증가하였다. 적색소 및 황색소의 전구물질인 홍색소는 pH 4.0에서 많이 생성되며 또한 홍색소에서 적색소로의 대사과정도 산성 조건 하에서 촉진된다고 보고되었다. 본 실험에서도 같은 경향을 보였으며 또한, 산성 조건 하에서 특히 수용성 적색소가 곰팡이 세포 외로 유출되는 양이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2005

Monascus purpureus KCCM 60016을 이용하여 다량의 색소생산 변이주를 개발하고 생산조건에 대하여 조사하였다. 자외선 조사로 M. purpureus KCCM 60016으로부터 돌연변이를 유도한 결과, 색소생성이 우수한 P-57 변이주를 분리하였다. 분리된 P-57 변이주는 고체 배양에서 현미를 기질로 했을 때 색소생성이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 색소생성의 최적 배양조건은 배양온도 $30^{\circ}C,\;90\%$의 배양습도에서 30일간 배양이 가장 우수했다. 이상의 조건에서 배양한 적색색소, 오렌지색소와 황색색소의 양은 각각 160.0 unit, 193.6 unit와 141.6 units-나타났다.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.71-71
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary pigment sources on shell color of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Three replicate groups of the abalone, average weight 173 mg, were fed the diets containing various pigment sources such as Porphyra powder, Spirulina, yeast astaxanthin and paprika extract for 16 weeks. Survival and weight gain were not affected by dietary pigment sources (P>0.05). Shell color of abalone fed diets containing Porphyra powder and Spirulina was approached to yellow-red and orange which are similar to shell color of wild abalone. However, shell color of abalone fed the diets containing yeast astaxanthin and paprika extract were similar to that of control diet showing bright green. Porphyra powder and Spirulina contain not only fat-soluble pigment such as chlorophyll and carotenoids but also water-soluble pigment such as phycoerythrin and phycocyanin. These results would be useful information to change shell color of abalone in aquaculture.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 납이나 크롬이 함유되지 않은 친환경적인 물질의 새로운 주황 무기 안료를 개발하고자 하였다. 고상반응법을 이용하여 LPG와 Air를 이용한 환원분위기에서 $TiO_2-SnO-ZnO$계 주황색 무기 안료를 합성하였다. 합성 된 안료들의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 표색계 값인 $L^*a^*b^*$ 값을 측정 후, XRD를 이용하여 결정 상을 분석하였고, SEM을 이용하여 미세구조 관찰하였으며, XPS를 이용하여 원소들의 산화가 상태를 분석하였다. 고상 반응법으로 합성 후 열처리한 $TiO_2-SnO-ZnO$ 안료는 yellow에서 orange-red 사이의 색을 가진다. $TiO_2-SnO-ZnO$ 안료의 결정상 분석 결과, 5가지의 결정상이 혼재하는 것을 볼 수 있는데, $SnO_2$가 cubic과 tetragonal 구조 중 어떤 결정 구조를 가지는지가 발색의 가장 중요한 요인으로 작용하는 것을 확인하였다. XPS를 이용하여 원소들의 산화가 상태를 분석한 결과, $Sn^{4+}$의 비율이 높을수록 안료가 rYR에 가까운 색을 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to find in what color Korean handmade paper(Hanji) is dyed when it is dyed with a pigment extracted from waste onion peelings using different kinds of mordant, and how the paper is discolored and variety of strength under the condition of accelerated aging test. The results of this experiment are as follows. 1. Korean handmade paper was dyed in different colors according to the kinds of mordant. Mainly it was dyed in orange-brown, and sometimes in gold or khaki. 2. Korean handmade paper dyed was not discolored much, which suggests that the pigment is strong under the condition of aging. 3. As for durability, Korean handmade paper dyed in gold was strongest. Korean handmade paper, to which aluminum sulfate, iron sulfate or sodium dichromate was applied as mordant, had poor durability. Thus, these were not suitable as mordant.