• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the morbidity of fatty liver in cattle at the abattoir and on the farm, and to cytodiagnose fatty liver in cattle by fine needle aspiration biopsy. Incidence rates of fatty liver in cattle, detected macroscopically or based on hepatic lipid content by buoyancy, were 0.30% in Korean native cows, 4.70% in dairy cows, and 0.15% in dairy bull. Fatty liver was enlarged, swollen with round edges, light weight, and pale to yellow-orange color, but its color was not always correlated to the severity of fatty liver. The findings of fat infiltration of the hepatic lobule were large droplets around central vein, fine droplets in the periphery, and fat infiltration in the perivascular region execpt for most of normal liver and severe fatty liver. The sensitivty, specificity, and accuracy of cytological finding compared with hepatic lipid content by buoyancy were 94.4%, 95.2%, and 94.9% in normal cases, 64.3%, 100%, and 87.2% in mild cases, 100%, 83.3%, and 87.2% in moderate cases, and 100%, 100%, and 100% in sesvere cases, respectively. Cytological findings were well correlated with histological findings. Complications of fine needle aspiration biopsy were not recognized clinically. Consequently, the cytodiagnosis by fine needle aspiration biopsy is simple, rapid, safe, and economical method compared with histological techniques in the diagnosis of fatty liver in cattle.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.290-294
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• 2000

ZnS:Mn TFEL devices were fabricated by electron-beam evaporation method and then the electro-optical properties were investigated. To investigate the capacitance which was due to oxygen vacancy at the $Ta_2O_5$ thin film, AES(Auger Electron Spectroscopy) and C-F(capacitance-frequency) measurements were used. It was found that the capacitance was decreased by annealing the $Ta_2O_5$ film in oxygen ambience. From EL emission measurement, we observed the EL emission spectrum which had the peak range from 550nm and 650nm. This emission is associated with the transition from $^4T_1(^4G)$ first excited state to $^6A_1(^6S)$ ground state in the $3d^5$ energy level configuration of $Mn^{2+}$ occurs. The threshold voltage of EL device with $Ta_2O_5$ insulator layer was found to be 24V~28V. The CIE color coordinates of these emission are X=0.5151, Y=0.4202 which is yellowish orange emitting. The EL device using $Ta_2O_5$ insulator layer can be driven with a low voltage which is beneficial to the practical application.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Carotenoids which are a major source of vitamin A are contributed to have great potential role in anti-carcinogenic effects and eyesight. Carotenoids which can not synthesize in human body are required for food supply. The objectives of this study are to investigate compositions and contents of pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) germplasms based on their pulp color. METHODS AND RESULTS: Carotenoids were extracted with 0.2% ascorbic acid in ethanol and saponified with 80% potassium hydroxide. Insoluble compounds were extracted into hexane. A total of nine carotenoids (three xanthophylls and six carotenes) were identified from pumpkin germplasms using HPLC equipped with photodiode array detector (450 nm). Especially, lutein and ${\beta}$-carotenes were major compound in germplasms. Among isomers of ${\beta}$-carotene, all-trans-${\beta}$-carotene (16-27% of total carotenoids) was predominant compositions. The mean of total carotenoid contents was showed as brown (286.1 mg/100 g dw) > dark green (217.0) > orange (153.4) > primrose (85.8) > dark yellow (80.3). On the basis of carotenoid information, PLS-DA score plots showed different patterns by cluster in pumpkin germplasms. It was considered that these differences of phenotype were relative closely to genotype. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that dark color of pumpkin pulp was presented in high-level of biological pigments. It may contribute to develop potentially beneficial functional food ingredients.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.93-106
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• 2008

For agriculture is very highly dependent on climate and weather condistions, global warming seems to have a great impact on it, including its productivity, cultivation condition, product quality, and optimum cultivation location. In this study, we adopted geographical information system (GIS) in order to investigate the changes of Korea's cultivation area which are caused by global warming, especially with the examples of such tropical and sub-tropical fruits as lemon, fig, kiwi, orange, pomegranate, and mandarin. In terms of GIS techniques, we utilized the interpolate function for temperature changes, surface analysis function for slope, and raster calculator. Currently, these fruits's cultivation areas are in Jeju island and southern part of Korea. But these areas will be expanded according as our GIS model assumes $3^{\circ}C$ and $4.5^{\circ}$ increases of average and lowest temperature by the global warming in Korea. Optimum cultivation areas of these six fruits have two patterns; one is expansion and the other is belt shape shift. From the results of the study, we call for an urgent need of Korea government's policy and farmers' reasonable responses about global warming, which will be able to give more opportunities and better foods to Korea society in general.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.433-436
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• 1991

Natural compounds which could improve the oxidative stability of fish oil was screened from spices, herbs and naturally occurring antioxidants. Induction period of fish oil determined from oxidation curve by Rancimat ($80^{\circ}C$) was hardly affected with the addition of water-soluble and lipid-soluble fractions of garlic, leek, sesame leave and orange peel, and of organic acids such as citric acid, EDTA and selenium. Caffeic acid, catechin, quercetin and gallic acid laurylester, however, could extend the induction periods by $2.2{\sim}3.8$ times with the addition level of 0.1%(w/w). Rosemary extract and sesamol have a marked effect in retarding oxidation of fish oil. For example, induction periods of the oil samples stabilized with 0.1 rosemary extract and 0.1 sesamol were 16.4 hr and 11.6 hr, respectively, as compared to 4.0 hr of a control. When rosemary extract was used in combination with ascorbic acid (0.02%) or 8-tocopherol (0.2%), induction period could be extended to ca. 28 hr due to the synergism.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2007

The characteristics of the Baikkimchi sauce made from natural pigments according to the preservation period were explored. For this research, two Baikkimchi sauces were made. One was made of Baikkimchi and only side materials (Sauce I). The other was made of Baikkimchi, side materials and 1.5% of orange paprika powders (Sauce II). There was no significant change in pH and the total acidity. The color showed better stability in the sauce II, the one with the natural pigments. As the preservation period increased, vitamin C content and the viscosity decreased. In addition, the number of lactic acid bacteria became rather reduced. Sevral sensory features were different significantly according to the preservation period, and the one with source II showed better features overally.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.448-452
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• 2015

The bacterial strain that was isolated from chinese cabbage rhizosphere, showed inhibition of yeast growth. This strain was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens BB2 by API 20NE test and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. P. fluorescens BB2 strain produced antibiotics against yeast as a secondary metabolite effectively when the culture was carried out in YM medium with 3% glucose at $20^{\circ}C$. The protein antibiotic of BB2 strain which was concentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and n-butanol extraction inhibited the growth of yeast with the minimal inhibitory concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$ against Candida albicans KCTC 7965, and the growth of yeast was completely inhibited at $80{\mu}g/ml$. The hydrophilic fraction of n-butanol extraction inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus ATCC 21366, showed orange halo on chrome azurol S plate, which means the fraction contained iron chelating siderophore. The results of crystal violet uptake through the cell membrane showed that membrane permeability was increased about 9% than control, when the concentration of hydrophobic antibiotic against yeast C. albicans was $60{\mu}g/ml$. As a result, the antibiotic produced by P. fluorescens BB2 against yeast Candida is considered antimicrobial peptide, and this is the first report in the genus Pseudomonas.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.175-186
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• 2020

This study approaches, from a floristic perspective, the under-researched human-primate competition for forest resources. Investigating the human impact on fruit trees edible for Kinda baboons (Papio kindae Lönnberg), we have collated dietary data on a free-ranging troop and floristic information on two forest sites of the Kundelungu National Park (KNP), Democratic Republic of Congo: the relatively intact Integral Zone (IZ) and the human-disturbed Annex Zone (AZ). Trees with DBH≥10 cm have been identified, counted and measured throughout 22 sample plots (11 per site), each measuring 1,000 ㎡. A total of seven woody species whose fruits are eaten by Kinda baboons were recorded. Four of them, namely the Sycamore fig Ficus sycomorus L., the Mobola plum Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth, the Kudu berry Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax and the Monkey orange Strychnos innocua Delile were found in both sites, while the Large-leaved jackal-berry Diosyros kirkii Hiern and the Buffalo thorn Ziziphus mucronata Willd. were exclusively in the IZ, and Strychnos cocculoides Baker only in the AZ. Compared to the IZ, the AZ had lower values of stem density, species richness and diversity indices, suggesting a negative human impact on baboon-edible trees, in line with our hypothesis. Moreover, as was expected, human activities decreased the abundance of larger baboon-edible fruit trees. However, the size-class distribution of P. curatellifolia depicted a reverse J-curve in the AZ. The abundant younger P. curatellifolia trees remaining in that human-disturbed site constitute an important food stock for baboons, if well preserved. These results also illustrate the critical role of rangers' patrols, formerly more frequent (and presumably efficient) in the IZ than in the AZ of the Park. Their implications on baboons and miombo forests are discussed from both the research and conservation perspectives.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2011

The dyeing of polyester fiber with two different disperse dyes (Disperse Red 60 and Disperse Yellow 54) was carried out using supercritical carbon dioxide ($SCCO_2$) as a dyeing medium at temperatures ranging from $50^{\circ}C$ to $90^{\circ}C$ and at pressures from 15 MPa to 30 MPa. The dye uptake of Disperse Red 60 on polyester fiber was found to increase with temperature at constant pressure and $SCCO_2$ density (700 kg/$m^3$). At $90^{\circ}C$ and 30 MPa, the dye uptake on polyester fiber increased with dyeing time and the saturation concentration of Red 60 was attained within 240 min, while a longer dyeing time was required for Yellow 54 to reach its saturation concentration. When dyestuff mixtures with mixing ratios of 0.01 to 9.0 (Red 60/Yellow 54) were used, the uptake ratio of the two dyes was found to be proportional to 0.26 power of their mixing ratio. Dyed fibers showed an orange color and the depth of the color depended upon the mixing ratio of the dyestuffs.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.267-271
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• 2010

Super hydrophilic and high transparent $TiO_2$ thin films were successfully fabricated by sol-gel method without an irradiation of UV light. In addition, surfactant Tween 80 was used for increasing the transmittance of the thin films. When the contents of Tween 80 in $TiO_2$ solution were 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 wt%, the transmittance of $TiO_2$ thin films was ca. 74.31%, 74.25%, 79.69%, 81.99% at 550 nm wavelength, respectively. The contact angles of fabricated $TiO_2$ thin films with or without Tween 80 were from ca. $4.0^{\circ}$ to $4.5^{\circ}$. The $TiO_2$ thin films annealed over $400^{\circ}C$ showed anatase crystal structure and the photocatalytic property that decomposed methyl orange with UV irradiation. The surface morphologies, optical properties and contact angle of prepared thin films with different contents of Tween 80 were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffratometer (XRD), UV-Vis spectrophotometer and contact angle meter.