• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2017

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of the mixed herbal extract from Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi, Pueraria lobata Benth, and Aconitum carmichaeli Debx (CAPA) on obesity and glucose tolerance in obese mice. Methods: Animals were divided in 6 groups, normal diet, high fat diet (HFD), HFD with CAPA 100 mg/kg (CAPA 100), CAPA 300 mg/kg (CAPA 300), and metformin 200 mg/kg or lorcaserin 10 mg/kg as positive controls, and treated for 16 weeks. Body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose, and body temperature were checked every week and then organs, blood serums were collected after treatment. The oral glucose tolerance test was also carried out after treatment. Results: Compared to HFD, CAPA extract treated mice showed significant decreases in body weight, adipose tissue weight, lipid accumulations in liver and serum lipid levels without a reduction of food intake. And fasting glucose and glucose tolerance were all improved in the CAPA treated mice. Conclusions: Our results suggest that CAPA extract can prevent diet induced obesity and glucose intolerance without a reduction of energy intake in obese mice.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2003

Oral administration of antigen has long been considered as a promising alternative for the treatment of chronic autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and oral application of type II collagen (CII) has been proven to improve pathogenic symptoms in RA patients without problematic side effects. To further current understandings about the immune suppression mechanisms mediated by orally administered antigens, we examined the changes in IgG subtypes, T-cell proliferative response, and proportion of interleukin (IL)-10 producing Th subsets in a time course study of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) animal models. We found that joint inflammation in CIA mouse peaked at 5 weeks after first immunization with CII, which was significantly subdued in mice pre-treated by repeated oral administration of CII. Orally tolerized mice also showed increase in their serum level of IgG1, while the level of IgG2a was decreased. T-cell proliferation upon CII stimulation was also suppressed in lymph nodes of mice given oral administration of CII compared to non-tolerized controls. When cultured in vitro in the presence of CII, T-cells isolated from orally tolerized mice presented higher proportion of $CD4^+IL-10^+$ subsets compared to non-tolerized controls. Interestingly, such increase in IL-10 producing cells were obvious first in Peyer's patch, then by 5 weeks after immunization, in mesenteric lymph node and spleen instead. This result indicates that a particular subset of T-cells with immune suppressive functions might have migrated from the original contact site with CII to inflamed joints via peripheral blood after 5 weeks post immunization.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.770-776
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• 2011

본 연구는 흑삼의 항당뇨 효과를 알아보고자 4그룹(정상군, 당뇨 쥐, 당뇨 쥐에게 백삼을 투여한 군, 당뇨 쥐에게 흑삼을 투여한 군)으로 나누어 6주간 실시하였다. 6주 후 식품섭취량, 체중 증가량을 비교하였는데, 식품섭취량, 체중 증가량에는 그룹 간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, OGTT(oral glucose tolerance test)와 IPITT(intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test) 경우는 흑삼 투여군에서 긍정적인 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 혈청 포도당과 인슐린농도에 미친 영향을 비교, 분석한 결과, 흑삼 투여군에서 공복 시 혈당, 혈청 포도당, 인슐린 농도가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이 결과를 미루어 볼 때 흑삼이 백삼에 비해 당뇨를 치료하는데 더 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 1976

Effect of furosemide administration on glucose tolerance, insulin-and HGH response following parenteral glucose loading was studied in healthy subjects. Effects of potassium or calcium on the furosemide induced changes were also observed in the same subjects. Furosemide administration resulted in a considerable reduction in the magnitude and duration of insulin response although no obvious changes were observed in glucose disappearance from the circulation. Oral potassium or calcium supplement to the furosemide treated subjects showed a reversion toward normal of the insulin response. The author suggested that a decreased endogenous insulin production resulting from the potassium and/or calcium depletion is responsible for the changes observed. In those subjects who receive parenteral nutrition if administration of furosemide is essential, it should be supplemented by potassium and/or calcium.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.146-152
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• 1995

To achieve a better understanding of the effects on behavioral safety caused by possible neuroprotective doses (50 mg/kg, p.o.) of dextromethorphan HBr (DM), several motor activity measures were monitored in two generations of mice through a long-term period of ten months. Adult male mice (G1), in the presence of DM, developed behavioral tolerance after an initial suppression period. Prenatally exposed, second generation (G2) mice formed two groups, prenatal exposure alone (G2C) and prenatally exposed with additional postnatal exposure (G2T). In the presence of DM, group G2T was characterized by significant behavioral impairment; while G2C exhibited behavioral activation. These results suggest that more attention should be given to the prenatal effects of DM on a developing organism.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.331-341
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to aid in the prediction of tumor cell tolerance to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. For this study, cell surviving curves were obtained for murine melanoma Bl6 cell line using semiautomated M1T assay. 2,4,6,8, 10Gy were irradiated at a dose rate of 210cGy/min using /sup 60/Co Irradiator ALOORADO 8. After irradiatior, B16 cell lines(2.5×10⁴ cells/ml) were exposed to bleomycin and cisplatin at concentration of 0.2㎍/㎖, 2㎍/㎖ and 20㎍/㎖ for I hour respectively. The viable cells were determined for each radiation dose and/or each concentration of drug. And they were compared to control values. The obtained results were as follows : 1. There was significant difference of surviving fraction at 4, 6, 8, 10Gy on B16 cell line(P<0.05). 2. There was significant difference of cytotoxicity between bleomycin and cisplatin at concentration of 0.2㎍/㎖ and 2㎍/㎖(P<0.05) on B16 cell line, but there was no significant difference of cytotoxicity at concentration of 20㎍/㎖ on B16 cell line. 3. There was significant difference of cytotoxicity of bleomycin after irradiation of 2Gy and 10Gy on B16 cell line(P<0.01). 4. There was significant difference of cytotoxicity of cisplatin at concentration of 20㎍/㎖ after irradiation on B16 cell line.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.327-339
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• 1999

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to aid in the prediction of tumor cell tolerance to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Material and Methods: Human epidermoid carcinoma A-431 cell lines were irradiated by 2, 4, 6, 8, 10Gy at a dose rate of 210cGy/min using /sup 60/Co Irradiator ALDORADO 8 and then were exposed to bleomycin or cisplatin at concentration of 2㎍/㎖ for 1 hour. The viable cells were determined for each radiation dose and/or each drug at the 4th day and cell surviving curves were obtained using semiautomated MTT assay. Results: The surviving fraction after irradiation of 2Gy was 0.99, and there was not significant difference of surviving fraction in comparison with the control group on A-431 cell line(P>0.05). But there were significant differences of surviving fractions at doses of 4, 6, 8, 10Gy in comparison with the control group(P<0.05). The cytotoxicity of bleomycin or cisplatin was significantly different in comparison with the control group on A-43l cell line (P<0.05). And the cytotoxicity of cisplatin was greater than that of bleomycin on A-431 cell line (P<0.05). There were significant differences of surviving fractions after irradiation of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10Gy with bleomycin or cisplatin in comparison with each group of irradiation only on A-431 cellline(P<0.05). There were significant differences of surviving fractions between the groups of irradiation with bleomycin and cisplatin at doses of 2, 4Gy(P<0.05), but there were not significant differences of surviving fractions at doses of 6, 8, 10Gy on A-431 cell line (P>0.05).

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.80-99
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• 2016

Objectives : Instrumental chemical analysis was utilized to investigate the effect of Add-Omit-Saenghyeoryunbu-eum(AO-SHU) on diabetic treatment. One of the most exciting, yet also controversial, arguments is the safety and biological mechanisms of the natural medicine on human body. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a better understanding on bioactive chemical components, hazards of heavy metal contamination and biological mechanism of the diabetic medicine composed of 12 different natural herbs. Methods : To study bioactive compound and metallic component in the diabetic medicine in detail, LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass/Mass), GC (Gas Chromatography) and ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) were utilized to characterize the extract of the diabetic medicine and the result was compared with 18 marker substances selected from literature survey. In addition, in vitro assay experiments including GPR 119 activity and human DGAT-1 inhibition, and OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) were performed to verify the effectiveness of this medicine on diabetic treatment. Results : Out of 18 marker substances, 9 bioactive compounds were identified from LC-MS/MS analysis which include Citruline, Catalpol, Berberine, Ginsenoside Rb1, Ginsenoside Rg1, Oleanolic acid, β-Sitosterol, Mangiferin, and Schizandrin. ICP study on 245 residual pesticides revealed that 239 species were not detected but 6 species, Dimethomorph, Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Isoprocarb, Carbaryl and Flubendiamide, while the amounts are trace levels, below permitted concentrations. The biological activity was observed in vitro assay and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test(OGTT), which are consistent with a preliminary clinical test result, a drop in blood sugar level after taking this herbal medicine. Conclusions : Instrumental chemical analysis using LC-MS/MS, GC, and ICP was conducted successfully to identify bioactive compounds in AO-SHU for the treatment of diabetes, finding 9 bioactive compounds. Furthermore, in vitro assay experiments and OGTT show that AO-SHU has its biological activities, which imply that it can be a candidate for the future diabetes remedy.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 2008

Hypophayngeal cancers are usually diagnosed in advanced stages and in many cases, they need total pharyngocervical esophagectomy and surgical reconstruction. Among many surgical reconstructive methods, jejunal free flap has anatomical and functional advantages such as tubed nature, peristaltic activity, excellent blood supply. In this study we analysed the surgical procedure and complications of jejunal free flap after total pharyngo-cervical esophagectomy. 20 cases performed jejunal free flap from 1995 to 2007 at Severance Hospital were reviewed. According to time of onset, early and late complications were reviewed. Surgical procedure was reviewed with operation record. Oral diet tolerance was reviewed on the basis of pharyngogram and subjective symptoms. The most common complication was stricture, and it occurred in 40% of cases and 63% of them were managed with conservative care. As early complication, fistula formation was all managed with conservative care. Oral feeding tolerance after jejunal free flap was 65% and 7 patients were tolerable to general diet. In our study, stricture was the most common complication and its management is important in post op oral diet tolerance.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.165-175
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• 2012

Vaccination is one of the most effective methods available to prevent infectious diseases. Mucosa, which are exposed to heavy loads of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, are one of the first areas where infections are established, and therefore have frontline status in immunity, making mucosa ideal sites for vaccine application. Moreover, vaccination through the mucosal immune system could induce effective systemic immune responses together with mucosal immunity in contrast to parenteral vaccination, which is a poor inducer of effective immunity at mucosal surfaces. Among mucosal vaccines, oral mucosal vaccines have the advantages of ease and low cost of vaccine administration. The oral mucosal immune system, however, is generally recognized as poorly immunogenic due to the frequent induction of tolerance against orally-introduced antigens. Consequently, a prerequisite for successful mucosal vaccination is that the orally introduced antigen should be transported across the mucosal surface into the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). In particular, M cells are responsible for antigen up-take into MALT, and the rapid and effective transcytotic activity of M cells makes them an attractive target for mucosal vaccine delivery, although simple transport of the antigen into M cells does not guarantee the induction of specific immune responses. Consequently, development of mucosal vaccine adjuvants based on an understanding of the biology of M cells has attracted much research interest. Here, we review the characteristics of the oral mucosal immune system and delineate strategies to design effective oral mucosal vaccines with an emphasis on mucosal vaccine adjuvants.