• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2005

Cupid's bow, upper lip, columella, and ala of nose are esthetically important, in which their symmetrical plasties determine success or failure of the surgery in cleft lip and palate patients. Z-palsty and its modifications are simple and effective. The double Z-plasty is economical in surgical time and esthetics in reconstructing the cupid's bow compared with other methods. We report a 29-year-old male patient who represented reversed cupid's bow and whistle deformity after the primary repair of the cleft lip. He was corrected the cupid's bow using a double Z-plasty. The reversed cupid's bow was corrected to a normal shape and the whistle deformity disappeared. The tightness of the upper lip was relieved after the operation. The double Z-plasty was esthetically successful because the procedure was limited in the vermilion and did not produce a new scar on the skin. Furthermore, the lip tubercle became protuberant. The cupid's bow was symmetrically smoothly curved at 4 years after the operation. These results indicate that the double Z-plasty is simple, less traumatic to the surrounding tissues, and suitable for the correction of whistle deformity.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.238-247
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare recycled and unused orthodontic miniscrews to determine the feasibility of reuse. The comparisons included both miniscrews with machined surfaces (MS), and those with etched surfaces (ES). Methods: Retrieved MS and ES were further divided into three subgroups according to the assigned recycling procedure: group A, air-water spray; group B, mechanical cleaning; and group C, mechanical and chemical cleaning. Unused screws were used as controls. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, insertion time and maximum insertion torque measurements in artificial bone, and biological responses in the form of periotest values (PTV), bone-implant contact ratio (BIC), and bone volume ratio (BV) were assessed. Results: Morphological changes after recycling mainly occurred at the screw tip, and the cortical bone penetration success rate of recycled screws was lower than that of unused screws. Retrieved ES needed more thorough cleaning than retrieved MS to produce a surface composition similar to that of unused screws. There were no significant differences in PTV or BIC between recycled and unused screws, while the BV of the former was significantly lower than that of the latter (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results indicate that reuse of recycled orthodontic miniscrews may not be feasible from the biomechanical aspect.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

배경: 술 후 통증은 술 후 합병증의 발생가능성을 증가시키며 생체기능의 회복을 방해한다. 술 후 통증을 효과적으로 조절하기 위해선 통증의 정도를 객관적으로 평가하는 것이 필요하다. 술 후 통증은 수술의 침습도와 관련이 높을 가능성이 많다. 본 연구에서는 수술 침습도의 정도와 술 후 통증의 정도 사이의 상관관계를 확인하고자 한다. 방법: 총 153명의 환자를 수술의 침습도에 따라 4개의 그룹으로 나누었다(그룹 1: 악성종양 수술 (malignancy surgery), 그룹 2: 양악수술(bimaxillary surgery), 그룹 3: 양성 종양수술(benign cancer surgery) 그룹 4: 임플란트 & 골절 수술(implant & frature)) 수술이 끝나갈 무렵 fentanyl 700 ${\mu}g$, ketorolac 1,500 mg (총 용적 120 ml)가 포함된 자가통증조절장치를 정맥로에 연결하였다. 술 후 통증의 정도는 시각통증등급(visual analogue scale)을 이용하여 측정하였고 자가통증조절장치의 총 사용시간, 투여된 진통제의 양, bolus 투여 총 횟수를 측정하였다. 결과: 술 후 시각통증등급은 술 후 1일부터 3일까지 그룹 1, 2 군에서 유의하게 높았다. 또한 시각통증등급 3점 이상의 통증을 호소하는 환자의 비율 역시 그룹 1, 2 군에서 유의하게 높았다. 진통제 총 투여용량 및 자가로 주입한 진통제의 양 역시 그룹 1, 2군에서 3, 4 군에 비해 유의하게 높은 것을 확인하였다. 결론: 본 연구결과 외과적 수술의 침습도가 술 후 통증의 정도를 결정하는데 있어 중요한 요소임 을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.602-614
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• 2014

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrom(OSAS) is defined by total or partial collapse of the upper airway during sleep. In the presence of specific anatomic features, OSAS is potentially amenable to surgical treatment. Initially, the only treatment available for these patients was a tracheotomy that bypassed the obstruction and resulted in a 100% cure. However, this was not readily accepted by most patients, and surgical methods other than tracheotomy were developed to successfully maintain adequate upper airway patency during sleep by comparing to postoperative polysomnography(AHI,RDI etc). In this paper, I would like to provide an overview of some of the multilevel surgical techniques available for treating OSAS as well as the necessary preoperative considerations.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.2 s.41
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• pp.165-177
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• 1993

Upper canine is important because it protects and maintains the stability of the dental arch and also, joins the anterior with the posterior teeth. The incidence of impaction of upper canine is the second most frequent next to the third molar because it takes a long period of time to develop, and has a complicated path of eruption, and erupts lately. After the age of 10, clinical and radioglaphic examination can be used in revealing the possibility of impaction and efforts should be put to reduce the side effects. To prevent impaction, selective extraction of primary canine at the age of 8 to 9 could be considered and prolonged retention of primary canine in oral cavity should be avoided at this time. Once the impaction is iden, the first stage of the treatment is to lcocalize the lesion by radiographic examination and According to the severity, orthodontic traction or autotransplantation should be considered and comprehensive diagnosis and treatment plan of malocclusion should be established. Generally, labial impaction is due to arch length discrepancy and palatal impaction is due to malposition or morphologic pathosis of lateral incisors rather than arch length discrepancy. In surgical procedure, peridontal problems should be considered and the minimum amount of bone and soft tissue should be reduced and direct bonding method of many attachment methods should be recommended. Especially in traction of labially impacted canine, it should be guided to erupt through the keratinized zone and proper forced magnitude should be applied. The importance of periodontal condition should always be in mind following the patient education to mintain the good oral hygiene at each stage of treatment. Properly managed impacted canine can provide function and esthetic by proper diagnosis and treatment if extraction of canine is not indicated.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.232-235
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• 2018

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the heat stress and semen quality among male workers in a steel industry in Iran and investigate the relationship between heat stress indices and semen parameters. Methods: The study was conducted on workers exposed (n = 30) and unexposed (n = 14) to heat in a steel industry. After obtaining a brief biography of the selected employees, scrotal temperature, oral temperature, and environmental parameters were measured, and their semen samples were analyzed according to the procedure recommended by the World Health Organization. The heat stress indices, including wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and predicted heat strain (PHS), in their workplace were calculated according to environmental parameters (ISO 7243:1989 and 7933:2004, respectively). Results: Time-weighted averages of WBGT and PHS ($35.76^{\circ}C$ and 491.56 $w/m^2{\frac{w}{m^2}}$, respectively) for the exposed group were higher than threshold limit values. The mean difference of environmental, physiological, and semen parameters (exception: pH of semen), and also WBGT and PHS indices were statistically significant (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Mean semen parameters were in the normozoospermic range. WBGT and PHS indices showed significantly "negative" correlation with physiological parameters (scrotal and oral temperature) and most semen parameters (semen volume, sperm morphology, sperm motility, sperm count; p < 0.05); moreover, the correlation of WBGT with these parameters was stronger than PHS. Conclusion: Semen parameters of the studied workers exposed to heat were in the borderline level of normozoospermic range, and their semen parameters were significantly lower than controls. For better assessment of occupational environment concerning physiological and semen parameters in steel industries, WBGT can be a more useful index.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.401-406
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• 1999

Secondary deformities of the lip and nose in individuals with repaired unilateral and bilateral clefts may vary in severity, depending on the state of the original defect, the care taken in the initial surgical procedure, the pattern of the patient's facial growth, and the effectiveness of interceptive orthodontic technique. Because each patient has a unique combination of deformities, their surgical reconstruction usually requires the modification and combination of several surgical techniques. Residual lip deformities after primary repair may be esthetic or functional and include scars, skin shortage or excess(vertical and transverse), orbicularis oris muscle malposition or diastasis. The key to accurate repair of secondary cleft lip deformities is a precise diagnosis. This requires observation of the patient in animation and repose. The quality of the scar is not the only factor determining the overall appearance of the lip. Observing the patient in the animated position is critical to assess muscular function. Factors that require precise analysis include lip length, the appearance of the Cupid's bow and philtrum, and nasal symmetry. Only after this detailed analysis can a decision be made as to wether a major or minor deformity exists. We report successful cases using various techniques for the secondary lip deformities.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence, location, and orientation of maxillary sinus septa in formalin embalmed cadavers. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 210 cadaveric heads available in our department. After taking the mid-sagittal section the specimens were opened from the medial aspect and the sinus sinus septa, their anatomical plane, location and dimensions. Results: The mean linear distance between maxillary sinus floor and its anatomical ostium was $26.76{\pm}5.21mm$ and $26.91{\pm}4.96mm$ on right and left side, respectively. A total of 59 maxillary sinus septa (28.1%) were observed in 210 maxillary specimens. Septae were most common, 33 septa (55.9%), in the middle region (between first and second molar tooth) of the sinus cavity. The maxillary sinus membrane (Schneiderian membrane) adhered tightly to the maxillary sinus and over the septae. Significantly more maxillary sinus septa were observed in edentulous maxillae in comparison to the dentate upper jaw. Conclusion: Knowledge of location of maxillary sinus ostium is mandatory for the rhinologist for drainage of secretions in maxillary sinusitis. The morphological details of maxillary sinus septa, particularly their location and anatomical planes, will guide dentists in performance of safe implant surgeries. The maxillary antrum septa of category I and II may complicate the procedure of inversion of bone plate and elevation of sinus membrane during maxillary augmentation surgeries. The category III septa observed in the sagittal plane were embedded by one of the branches of the infraorbital nerve in it, and if accidentally cut will lead to infraorbital nerve palsy in maxillary sinus surgeries.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.461-474
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• 1993

This study was performed to estimate the effect of plaque control on the progress of the repair pattern of the alveolar bone surface after bone surgery. In this experiment six mongrel dogs were used, four of them were as experimental group and others were as control. In the case of experimental group, dental floss ligature was tied over the neck of crown for permiting of plaque accumulation during one week before surgery and oral hygiene procedures were not performed. In control group, all the surgical intervention was done as same procedure with experimental except oral hygiene program. After surgery plaque was controlled during one week with using the chlorhexidine brushing. Animals were sacrificed at 1,2,4,6 weeks after osseous surgery. The results were as follows : 1. The alveolar bone defects were covered with regenerated epithelium at one week, matrix change of granulation tissue on subcutaneous area was observed, and new bone formation was initiated from the surface of the bone defects. 2. The connective tissue arrangement revealed more dense, new bone formation by osteoblasts was active at 2 weeks and proliferation of gingival epithelium and alveolar bone tissue were evident at 4 weeks, and almostly recovered to normal condition at 6 weeks. 3. In experimental group, inflammatory reaction was persistent in early stage and bone repair was delayed compared to control group. 4. In control group, matrix change of granulation tissue was initiated from one week, regeneration of gingival epithelium and maturation of subcutaneous conective tissue and new bone formation were evident at 2 weeks, so almost normal bone regeneration was observed at 4,6 weeks.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.231-236
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• 2008

Purpose: The treatment of gingival recessions is needed to reduce root sensitivity and improve esthetical satisfaction. Several surgical techniques have been proposed to achieve these goals. The use of connective tissue grafts has made esthetic root coverage a predictable procedure. Numerous clinical studies have represented that using connective tissue grafts to cover exposed root surface showed high success rates. This is a case report which demonstrates the technique to obtain root coverage of a buccal recession defect. Materials and Methods: A 35-year-old patient with a high level of oral hygiene was selected for the study. This patient had one Class I Miller recession defect in the mandible. A coronally advanced flap in combination with the connective tissue graft was chosen for the treatment. After surgery, the patient was told to visit the hospital once a week for his oral management and professional prophylaxis. The depth of initial recession was 4.0 mm. Result: After three months, it reduced to 0.0 mm, and the average recession reduction was 4.0 mm. The average root coverage was 100%. Conclusion: The connective tissue graft is both effective and predictable way to produce root coverage in increasing the width of CAL and KT of various adjacent gingival recessions.