• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.390-395
• /
• 2013

Locoregional recurrence of tongue cancer is higher than that of other sites of the oral cavity. Locoregional control has shown improvement over the past 20 years, however, a high rate of recurrence and second primary tumor occurrence is still frequently reported. Leukoplakia is a clinical term, which describes a whitish lesion of the oral cavity. Clinicopathologic features may range from hyperkeratosis to malignancy. Because of its diverse pathologic characteristics, management of this lesion for diagnosis, treatment planning, establishment of a clear surgical margin, and periodic follow-up is difficult. We report on a case of successfully treated tongue cancer which developed from leukoplakia over 10 years. Periodic follow-up strategy and surgical planning are most important to management of locoregional recurrence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.1633-1637
• /
• 2012

Introduction: The incidence of oral premalignant and malignant lesions is on the rise due to an increased number of people taking in tobacco and alcohol related habits. Material and Methods: 1028 patients with tobacco, alcohol and areca nut habits attending our Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology formed the study sample. An interviewer based questionnaire was used to record the habit details. All the patients were then examined clinically for the presence of lesions. Chi square and Fisher exact tests were used to assess the statistical significance of the study parameters. Results: Males had a higher prevalence and comprised 87.9% of the sample. The commonest habit in this study sample was smoking (39.2%) followed by smokeless tobacco use (28.1%). Out of the 1028 patients with habits 40% had no clinically detectable changes in their mucosa. Of the mucosal changes leukoplakia (14%) was the commonest. Conclusions: This study provided information about the habit trends in the patients visiting this institution. The study may serve as a useful tool in educating the patients about the deleterious effects of oral tobacco, alcohol and betel exposure.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 1975

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.4491-4501
• /
• 2016

Verruco-papillary lesions (VPLs) of the oral cavity described in the literature involve a spectrum of conditions including squamous papilloma, verruca vulgaris, focal epithelial hyperplasia, condyloma, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and verrucous carcinoma. A majority of the VPLs are slow growing, benign in nature and have a viral aetiology. Virus associated benign mucosal outgrowths are not too difficult to diagnose either clinically or by microscopy. Apart from virus-associated lesions, VPLs harboring malignant potential or behaviour such as verrucous carcinoma, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH), oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) and oral conventional squamous cell carcinoma with papillary features (CSCC) need to be further clarified for better understanding of their predictable biologic behavior and appropriate treatment. Current understanding of potentially malignant VPLs is perplexing and is primarily attributed to the use of confusing and unsatisfactory terminology. In particular, the condition referred to as oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) poses a major diagnostic challenge. OVH represents a histopathological entity whose clinical features are not well recognised and is usually clinically indistinguishable from a verrucous carcinoma and a PSCC or a CSCC. A consensus report published by an expert working group from South Asia as an outcome of the 'First Asian Regional Meeting on the Terminology and Criteria for Verruco-papillary Lesions of the Oral Cavity' held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, recognised the clinical description of these OVH as a new entity named 'Exophytic Verrucous Hyperplasia'. Previously described clinical features of OVH such as the 'blunt' or 'sharp' variants; and the 'mass' or 'plaque' variants can now collectively fall under this newly described entity. This paper discusses in detail the application of the standardized criteria guidelines of 'Exophytic Verrucous Hyperplasia' as published by the expert group which will enable clinicians and pathologists to uniformly interpret their pool of OVH cases and facilitate a better understanding of OVH malignant potential.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.48-51
• /
• 2017

Candida exists in the oral cavity as normal flora, which is cultured in 7% of the population. And the development of candidiasis is usually related to the systemic or local immunosuppressed status such as diabetes, long-term antibiotics, steroid, radiation therapy or chemotherapy. However, isolated laryngeal candidiasis in immunocompetent patients is a rare entity with fewer than 40 cases reported in the world. Symptoms of laryngeal candidiasis are variable such as hoarseness, dysphagia, or odynophagia according to its extent, but it has clinical importance because of its resemblance with laryngeal premalignant or malignant lesions. Diagnosis is made by biopsy under direct laryngoscopy with special staining to identify the hyphae. In this article, we report a case of laryngeal candidiasis presented as leukoplakia localized on vocal fold with literature reviews.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.3627-3629
• /
• 2016

Background: Activation and inactivation of nuclear factor of kappa light chain gene enhancer in B cells (NFKB) is tightly regulated to ensure effective onset and cessation of defensive inflammatory signaling. However, mutations within NFKB, or change in activation and inactivation molecules have been reported in a few cancers. Although oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer in India, with a development associated with malignant transformation of precancerous lesions, the genetic status of NFKB and relative rates of change in oral precancerous lesions remain unknown. Hence in the present study we investigated all twenty four exons of NFKB gene in two precancerous lesions, namely oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral leukoplakia (OL) to understand its occurrence, incidence and assess its possible contribution to malignant transformation. Materials and Methods: Chromosomal DNA isolated from twenty five each of OSMF and OL tissue biopsy samples were subjected to PCR amplification with intronic primers flanking twenty four exons of the NFKB gene. The PCR amplicons were subsequently subjected to direct sequencing to elucidate the mutation status. Results: Sequence analysis identified a novel heterozygous mutation, c.419T>A causing substitution of leucine with glutamine at codon 140 (L140Q) in an OL sample. Conclusions: The identification of a substitution mutation L140Q within the DNA binding domain of NFKB in OL suggests that NFKB mutation may be relatively an early event during transformation. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to have identified a missense mutation in NFKB in OL.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.199-204
• /
• 2005

Background : Oral leukoplakia(OL) and lichen planus(LP) are common soft tissue lesions characterized by white plaque or striae with erosion. The clinical characteristics of these diseases are similar but the cause and clinical course of them are very different. I compared OL with LP by analysizing clinical and histopathological characteristics and follow up study. Patients and methods : The clinical analysis of 200 patients with OL and LP was performed by review of dental and medical charts. And H/E slides were examined under the light microscope. we examined H/E slides by the light microscope. The follow up study of patients was performed. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS/PC WINDOWS (version 13.0). Results : The age distribution of OL was in the range of 13-75 years old being most prevalent in the 5th decade and there was a tendency of male prevalent. The age distribution of LP was in the range of 20-79 years old being most prevalent in the 4th decade and there was a tendency of female prevalent. The most common site of involvement was the buccal mucosa in both diseases. The most common clinical features of OL and LP were white plaque type and white lesion with striae, respectively. In case of LP, the most common clinical sign was tenderness to palpation. Fifteen cases of OL and eight cases of LP showed epithelial dysplasia. Twelve cases of OL recurred after surgery of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 2 cases of LP were transformed into oral squamous carcinoma. Conclusion : There was statistically significant difference in age, sex, clinical signs of patients, frequency of epithelial dysplasia between OL and LP. The Pearson coefficient correlation efficient was 0.51(p < 0.05). The knowledge of the difference between OL and LP can help understand these diseases.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 2005

Irritation fibroma (IF) is the most common tumor-like oral lesion that is evolved by proliferation of collagen in response to chronic irritation. Oral leukoplakia (OL) is considered as precancerous lesion characterized by proliferation of epithelial cells due to chronic irritation, smoking and drinking. TGF-${\beta}1$ and EGFR are important factors that play an essential role in extracellular matrix remodeling during normal wound healing process. The epithelial reaction by chronic irritation may be connected with pathogenesis of IF and OL. In the present study, we examined the expression of TGF-${\beta}1$ and EGFR in the IF and OL using immunohistochemistry. We used 88 cases of IF, 44 cases of OL and 9 cases of normal oral mucosa as normal control. TGF-${\beta}1$ was decreased in the epithelium of IF and OL. As for EGFR, the epithelial cells revealed the increased positive expression in IF and OL. In case of OL, the Spearman correlation coefficient of TGF-${\beta}1$ and EGFR was -0.10 (p< 0.05), which showed weak correlation. In the fibrous tissue, TGF-${\beta}1$ was increased only in IF. The expression difference of TGF-${\beta}1$ and EGFR may be involved in the pathogenesis of IF and OL.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 1977

Few changes were found in the mouths of 52 smokers were examined as a part of program to evaluate the oral health of Korean smokers. 52 smokers and 30 non-smokers were performed careful oral examination. In many of smokers, heavy, black deposits are found on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the teeth and leukoplakia were obsreved in 2 subjects and varied merely in the severity of the involvement. Cytologic studies were carried out on 60 oral smears from the hard palate, buccal mucosa, and gingiva. Smears were taken wit a wood spatula scraped over the mucosal surface. After fixation the slides were stained using the papanicolau cells without nuclei. The cornified cells were smaller than the noncornified cells and stained a deep brown or orange as compared with the blue or red of the large, round or polygonal cells in nonkeratinized regions of oral mucosa. Abnormal cell forms, suggestive of malignancy were not found in smears from the mucosa of smokers. Cells with large hyperchromatic nuclei and elongated, spindle-type cells with large nuclei were not observed.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.55 no.7
• /
• pp.468-480
• /
• 2017

A wide variety of benign and malignant lesions and other diseases can develop on oral mucosa. Oral mucosal lesions can also be associated with an underlying systemic disease, so their correct diagnosis, which may even share similar clinical and demographic features, is always a challenge for a dentist. Common oral mucosal lesions include candidiasis, herpes viral infection, leukoplakia, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, pemphigus, lichen planus and benign migratory glossitis. The differential diagnosis of these lesions are based on a thorough review of the patient's past medical and dental history and a complete oral examination. The knowledge of clinical features such as size, location, morphology, color, and pain is helpful in establishing a diagnosis. In addition, diagnostic tests, including microbiologic and laboratory tests and biopsies are usually required for establishing a proper diagnosis.