• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.33-54
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• 1981

The purposes of this study were to determine the relevant nursing needs of patients following discharge; to identify the degree of their nursing needs; to identify types and status of discharge order and information given to patients; and to determine their specific nursing needs according to their diagnosis. In addition, opinions toward home care services provided by hospitals or by public health nurses and appointment plans with their physicians were also asked in order to determine the necessity of follow-up care for the patient after discharge. Nine hundred and eighty eight subjects were collected among patients being discharged from one national university hospital and four city hospitals. Data were collected from June,1979 to December,1979 using questionnaires and interviews. On the bases of these data the following findings were observed; 1) Almost 40 percents of total subjects discharged from the hospital with some or great degree of nursing needs in general. The most problematic nursing needs were needs for comfort which include needs for releaving pain, for sound sleep and rest, because these needs can only be met by professional help. More than 50% of total subjects have this problem. 2) Needs for mental health, general metabolism, general hygiene and activities and safety were observed in more than 20 percent of subjects. 3) Discharge orders on diet and oral medication were recorded in patients' charts in 70% of all cases. However, more than fifty percents of patients have not been told these information from doctors or nurses. Even though some of them might have had appointment plans with their physicians, they would not keep the appointments unless they completely understood the necessity of the follow-up care. If they have not had any appointment or would not visit the out-patient clinic, there is no method of caring them and prerenting funther discomfort or complications. Even in injection, ski care, dressing and bath, only one thirds of the subjects having recorded discharge orders understood what they need after discharge. The rest of cases have not known what to do for their further care. 4) More than 80 percents and 70 percents of total subjects agreed to a system of home care services provided by hospitals or public health nurses respectively. That is, regardless of sources of medical expenses, most of patients wanted to be taken care of at home following discharge. 5) While more than half of the patients having benefit of medical insurance or paying fully by themselves had appointment plans with their physicians, only one thirds of the patients fully or partially paid by government had appointment plans with their physicians. These results ex-plain that the appointment plan is directly associated with their economic power. This indicates that the home care services are more needed to the people with lower economical status. 6) Those who have been in the hospital more than 24 days wanted !o have home care services more than those who had less hospital days. They also had more appointment plans than other groups. 7) More than 70 percents of the subjects who had been in a university hospital and approximately 30 percents of the subjects in the city hospitals had appointment plans with their physicians. 8) Those who had the cerebrovascular disease, cancer or hypertension demanded more nursing needs such as needs for comfort, for general metabolism and for mental health. 9) Factors which were associated with the degree of patients' nursing needs were age, duration of hospitalization, opinion toward home care services given by public health nurses, hospital appointments and types of hospital. That is, the older they were and the longer the periods of hospitalization were, the higher were their nursing needs. The more they had nursing needs, the more they wanted to have nursing services and had appointment plans. It can be concluded that there is a great demand for a positive and systematic home care services to the people who have been discharged from hospitals following critical care. This program is definitely demanded for the low income groups of people with less education with the financial assistance of the government or other funding agencies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2150-2159
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• 2014

This study was designed to investigate the status of orthodontic treatment and facial plastic surgery among 389 patients who visited dental clinics located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. After the collection of data, an analysis was carried out using a spss statistical program. The analysis results are as follows. the level of satisfaction with orthodontic treatment from patients with experience of the orthodontic treatment turned out to be high(p<0.01). Women considered 3.01 to 4 million won to be reasonable cost for orthodontic treatment (p<0.05), which is higher cost recognized by men, and patients with experience of orthodontic treatment recognized 19 to 24 months as the proper orthodontic treatment period(p<0.01). In addition, women showed higher figures than men in their awareness on the need for orthodontic treatment checkups(p<0.001), and facial plastic surgery experience (p<0.01). With respect to the part of the face on which they hoped to have plastic surgery, eye plastic surgery was higher in women (p<0.01), and nose surgery turned out to be higher in patients with experience of orthodontic treatment(p<0.05). Meanwhile, women considered the eye as the most important part among other facial areas (p<0.001), and they recognized that dentist should perform plastic surgery on both jaws among facial areas(p<0.01). In conclusion, the dental medical staff should provide consultations and operate treatment systems in consideration of gender differences and needs of dental patients. In the case of orthodontic treatment for the improvement of facial appearance, especially double jaw surgery which is closely related to the oral function, professional dental medical staff needs to perform the operation, considering the special oral environment. In addition, it is determined that provision of relevant medical information and promotion of dental service is required to provide patients with correct knowledge about orthodontic treatment and facial plastic surgery.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.417-433
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• 2010

Purpose: This study evaluated the manpower planning of dental technicians. Methods: Methods : Survey was conducted regarding subject's general characteristics, characteristics of dental technician's occupational view and working conditions, and reason to enter into branches of the public health enter. The survey sample consisted of 323 dental technicians (221 male/ 102 female). Survey was conducted for one month from August 1 to September 1 in 2010. Following results were obtained. Results: 1. Regarding general characteristics of the subjects, there was a slight male predilection with 68.4%. Subjects in their 40s occupied the highest proportion of 32.2%. Majority of subjects worked in the big cities (71.5%). Favored working places were dental laboratory (57.6%) and dental hospital or dental clinic (19.5%). Although no position is available in the public sector such as public health center or health care civil servant, 9.3% preferred working in the public health center. Public sector is more favored than 2-year technical colleges or dental supply and equipment companies. In respect to education, 57% of the subjects graduated college. 67.8% were married. Subjects who specialize in the porcelain or all-ceramic were 57.9%. With regard to current position, head of the dental laboratory was most common. 2. Following occupation characteristics were found. Economic reason took the highest proportion when deciding their occupation (39.9%) followed by gaining social experience (36.5%). Majority of the subjects (76.5%) wanted to work as dental technicians until their retirement. 71.5% pursuit to become a manager of the dental laboratory. 76.1% agreed on opening a dental technician position in the public health center. Regarding an authority to lead developing the dental technician position in the public sector, majority of the subject chose ministry of health and welfare (35.6%) and Korean dental technologist association (34.7%). Employment (average, 30%) and turnover rate (average, 36.5%) of dental technology college graduates ranged from 40% to 60%. Most important factors for the employment were practical experience (41.2%) and competency (34.4%). With regard to job satisfaction, so-so as 46.7% and satisfactory was 42.7% 3. In respect to the reason for opening a position in the public health center, 'It is needed to continue denture rogram for elderly patients' obtained the highest score (4.14 point). 'Institutional devices are required to open a position for dental technicians as a public healthcare provider' received high score (4.11 point). 4. Concerning the working conditions, 'professional knowledge is required' received the highest score (4.23) followed by 'too short maternity and parental leave' (4.21). 5. Relationship between general characteristics of the subjects and favor of working in the public health center was investigated. Significant differences were found according to the current and favored working area, favored occupation, education level, marital status, and specialty. Working in the public health center was favored by following subjects: working in mid- or small-sized cities (4.16 point, p<0.05); PhD degree-holder (4.59 point, p<0.01). 6. Among general characteristics of the subjects, significant difference of working conditions was found in the following factors: gender; working areas; favored working areas; favored working positions, and education level. Majority of subjects favored working in big cities and currently work in big cities although satisfaction was comparatively low (3.75 score). 7. Future plan to work in public health center was evaluated according to occupational characteristics. Subject's intention to work in the public healthcare center was significantly affected by opening of dental technician position, leading authority, average turnover rate, and factors affecting employment. Working in the public health care center was favored by the following subjects: Dental technicians who actively supported opening of the dental technician position (4.34 point, p<0.001); subjects who thought the Korean dental technologist association is responsible for the opening of positions in the public sector (4.26 point, p<0.001); and subjects who thought that attitude and character are important for the employment (p<0.001). 8. Concerning difference of working conditions according to the occupational characteristics, significant difference was demonstrated by factors such as a reason to choose to be a dental technician, work plan, pursuing position, responsible authority, average employment rate, and job satisfaction. High standard of working conditions was required in subjects who selected to be a dental technician for the leisure time after work (s.05 point, p<0.01), who planted to work until their marriage (4.25 point, p<0.001), and who pursuit to be a manager (3.98, p<0.05). 9. In respect to influence of general characteristics on the advancement to public health centers, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.068 and age affected the working condition with significant difference according to the pvalue. 10. Regarding influence of general characteristics on the advancement to public health centers, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.335 and work plan, opening of dental technician position in the public sector, and responsible authority had significant influence over the subject's intention to work in the public health center according to the p-value. 11. With regard to the influence of general characteristics on the advancement to public health centers, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.091 and reason to choose to be a dental technician, work plan, and responsible authority significantly affected subject's working conditions. Conclusion: Korean society is becoming a super-aged society according to several statistics. As aged population is rapidly increasing, national health insurance plans to cover denture for senior citizen over 75 years old from 2012. Therefore, dental technicians are urgently needed in the public health centers all over the nation. Many subjects in this study planed to work until their retirement and recognized dental technician's expertise. Ministry of health and welfare and Korean dental technologist association should co-operate each other to prepare foundation and institutional devices for dental technicians to advance into the public health center. This will improve oral health of the population. This study showed urgency of medical facilities and services which meets increasing number of aged population and welfare of the population.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to utilize it as useful basic data for improving oral health and for developing educational guidelines, by surveying the intake frequency in cariogenic food and the dietary intake status in detergent food through dietary life diary of some female undergraduates, and by researching into relationship between dietary intake factor and dental caries. It allowed dietary life diary for 5 days to be recorded targeting female undergraduates for the Dept. of Dental Hygiene, selected dietary life diary of 66 people without omission of record, and used it in this study. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. As a result of surveying the food intake status, it was indicated to be 12.82 for cariogenic food intake frequency, 256.36 for caries incidence available time and 8.32 for detergent food intake frequency. 2. As a result of surveying in order to examine relationship between cariogenic food intake frequency, detergent food intake frequency & cariogenic light-meal intake frequency and dental caries by dividing group with caries and group with non-caries, the group with caries was indicated to be a little higher than the group with non-caries. However, statistically significant difference wasn't indicated. 3. In the correlation between dietary intake status and dental caries, it was indicated that the more rise in cariogenic food intake frequency leads to the more rise in detergent food intake frequency and even in total light-meal intake frequency, but wasn't shown correlation with dental caries. In light of the above results, many limitations were indicated in finding and analyzing the dental caries incidence level and cause just with a method through surveying dietary intake. However, given the more in cariogenic food intake frequency and detergent food intake frequency, the possibility of dental caries incidence could be predicted.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2006

Objectives: In recently. the management and protection on individual information in patient's medical & nursing records have been very important, and that need a guideline. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of using the patient's nursing records of nursing students in clinical practice, to find and discuss the patient's informed consent, and status of education and management concerned to patient's nursing records. Methods: This study used a mailing survey. data collected from September 24th to October 31th in 2002. The subject were 333 professors who are major in adult nursing, pediatric nursing, psychological nursing of 111 university of nursing department and nursing college. And then we received the survey mail from 103 professors that respondent rate was 30.9%. Results: The characteristics of study subjects showed 49.0% of university. 51.0% of college of nursing. 50.0% of the subjects practiced point the patient by oral approval in clinical practice. But when the decision of the patient was very difficult, 21.6% of the subjects take to informed consent from his or her families. During the clinical practice, 49.0% of the subjects were explain to patient about clinical practice and contents of the nursing student, only 7.8% of the subjects were explain to patient with nursing records. 52.0% of the subjects were took out records from the hospital, only 17.6% of the subjects had standard of the patient's informed consent and standard of handling practice records. 17.6%-92.2% of the subjects that educate and manage concern to patient's nursing records.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.4896-4906
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• 2010

This study was conducted in order to promote students' interest in overseas employment and to present methods of improving education that suits globalization and internalization. From responses to individual written survey questionnaires answered by $3^{rd}$grade 200 students who are studying dental hygiene at colleges in Daegu. They had most interested in Japan (60.3%), and they want to work abroad if they are given the changes (38.1%), which indicate that the dental hygiene majors have much interest and positive attitude in overseas employment. In Japan, there are 158 schools had department of dental hygiene (51 to 2 years, 101 to 3 years, 6 to 4 years). Especially, Kanto area has 25 private schools. When compared Korea and Japan, they similar were curriculum, 39 at 3 years, 44 at 4 years, respectively. The current national board dental hygiene examination system was 200 in total score, and 19 in total subjects. The 9 basic clinical courses including oral anatomy have 100 scores, and the 8 subjects including preclinical course have 50 scores, one dental assistant course have 50 scores. In Japan, 4 years pre-dental hygiene curriculum content provide certificate of dental hygiene after graduation. They provide additionally 'social worker' in Tokyo University, 'teacher in nursing' in Hirosima University. They scheduled the various foundational knowledge and skill such as competencies to communicate effectively, to participate community health program, and to make decisions regarding dental hygiene service.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.299-305
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to confirm the relevance between the frequency of beverage consumption and periodontal disease among Korean adults. The data used for analysis was obtained from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015). The subjects were 9,042 adults aged 19 to 64. In non-smoking group, people with periodontal disease had less intake of milk, carbonated beverage, and fruit juice and more intake of coffee than people without periodontal disease. In smoking group, people with periodontal disease had less intake of milk, liquid yogurt, carbonated beverage, and fruit juice and more intake of coffee than people without periodontal disease. In the results of verifying the correlation between periodontal disease and beverage intake in accordance with the matter of smoking after revising the socio demographic characteristics, in non-smoking group, the intake of coffee was correlated with periodontal disease. In smoking group, the intake of milk was correlated with periodontal disease. Since the intake frequency of some beverages is related to periodontal disease, there should be guidelines on beverage consumption during the periodontal disease prevention education.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6811-6817
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancer risk prediction models are widely used in clinical practice. They should be useful in identifying high risk women for screening in limited-resource countries. However, previous models showed poor performance in derived and validated settings. Therefore, we aimed to develop and validate a breast cancer risk prediction model for Thai women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of derived and validation phases. Data collected at Ramathibodi and other two hospitals were used for deriving and externally validating models, respectively. Multiple logistic regression was applied to construct the model. Calibration and discrimination performances were assessed using the observed/expected ratio and concordance statistic (C-statistic), respectively. A bootstrap with 200 repetitions was applied for internal validation. Results: Age, menopausal status, body mass index, and use of oral contraceptives were significantly associated with breast cancer and were included in the model. Observed/expected ratio and C-statistic were 1.00 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.21) and 0.651 (95% CI: 0.595, 0.707), respectively. Internal validation showed good performance with a bias of 0.010 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.018) and C-statistic of 0.646(95% CI: 0.642, 0.650). The observed/expected ratio and C-statistic from external validation were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.68, 1.35) and 0.609 (95% CI: 0.511, 0.706), respectively. Risk scores were created and was stratified as low (0-0.86), low-intermediate (0.87-1.14), intermediate-high (1.15-1.52), and high-risk (1.53-3.40) groups. Conclusions: A Thai breast cancer risk prediction model was created with good calibration and fair discrimination performance. Risk stratification should aid to prioritize high risk women to receive an organized breast cancer screening program in Thailand and other limited-resource countries.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.371-378
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• 2014

This study aims to evaluate the influence of vitamin and mineral supplement intake, and degree of calcium and phosphorus intake on occurrence of dental caries in primary teeth. Research data was derived from the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and 1,139 Korean children of 3 to 6 years were selected as subject for this study. The dft index, nutrition factor including vitamin or mineral supplement intake and degree of intake for calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) were identified. Chi-square test was performed to assess the difference in socioeconomic status, oral health behavior and nutrition factor, including vitamin or mineral supplement intake and degree of intake for Ca and P. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify the relationship between the dft index and the related variables. As a result, the dft index was increased with the age. Significant differences in Ca intake was examined according to the sex, and P intake was different according to the sex in 3-year-old group. Among the 4-year-old children, the vitamin and mineral supplement takers had 1.206 less dft index than the non-takers. In conclusion, intake of Ca, P and vitamin/mineral supplement was not a pivotal factor to influence the incidence of primary teeth caries. However, significantly low dft index was observed from 4-year-old group who intake vitamin or mineral.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.226-236
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to get descriptive statistics of the contributing factors for early childhood caries and to predict the relationship of dietary, behavior factors and health status factors of the mother and child at pregnancy and after birth. 411 first caregivers of 5-year-old children in 12 kindergartens in Kangnung city were selected by stratified random cluster sampling. They were asked to fill out questionnaires and 364 of them responded. The obtained results were as follow: 1. Over the three-Fourth of children used nursing bottle or had breast feeding habit beyond the age of 1 year. 2. 8.7% of respondents didn't recognize the necessity of the preventive measures immediate after eruption of primary tooth, and only 35.1% replied that they had begun tooth cleaning. 3. Over 90% of children brush the teeth more than once per day. But over half (614%) of them brush their teeth without parents instruction. Sixty percent of children eat between the meals as often as 1-3 time(s) a day and the remainder at any times. 4. The first time of dental visit was for most children (87%) at over 3 years, recommending the earlier dental visit. Notwithstanding the rate of routine dental visit experience was relatively high(40.2%), implicating positive parents' attitude about oral health at Kangnung area. 5. The relationships between oral health state of the parents and the variables such as the timing of the first tooth cleaning, the frequency of brushing, the time of first dental visit, and the reason of first dental visit were not statistically significant. Together, there was no statistically significant difference between rural and urban area, private and public kindergarten, and boy and girl($x^2-test$, p>.05 or Fisher's exact test, p>.05).