• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4491-4501
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• 2016

Verruco-papillary lesions (VPLs) of the oral cavity described in the literature involve a spectrum of conditions including squamous papilloma, verruca vulgaris, focal epithelial hyperplasia, condyloma, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and verrucous carcinoma. A majority of the VPLs are slow growing, benign in nature and have a viral aetiology. Virus associated benign mucosal outgrowths are not too difficult to diagnose either clinically or by microscopy. Apart from virus-associated lesions, VPLs harboring malignant potential or behaviour such as verrucous carcinoma, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH), oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) and oral conventional squamous cell carcinoma with papillary features (CSCC) need to be further clarified for better understanding of their predictable biologic behavior and appropriate treatment. Current understanding of potentially malignant VPLs is perplexing and is primarily attributed to the use of confusing and unsatisfactory terminology. In particular, the condition referred to as oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) poses a major diagnostic challenge. OVH represents a histopathological entity whose clinical features are not well recognised and is usually clinically indistinguishable from a verrucous carcinoma and a PSCC or a CSCC. A consensus report published by an expert working group from South Asia as an outcome of the 'First Asian Regional Meeting on the Terminology and Criteria for Verruco-papillary Lesions of the Oral Cavity' held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, recognised the clinical description of these OVH as a new entity named 'Exophytic Verrucous Hyperplasia'. Previously described clinical features of OVH such as the 'blunt' or 'sharp' variants; and the 'mass' or 'plaque' variants can now collectively fall under this newly described entity. This paper discusses in detail the application of the standardized criteria guidelines of 'Exophytic Verrucous Hyperplasia' as published by the expert group which will enable clinicians and pathologists to uniformly interpret their pool of OVH cases and facilitate a better understanding of OVH malignant potential.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5567-5577
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• 2013

The prevalence of oral cancers (OC) is high in Asian countries, especially in South and Southeast Asia. Asian distinct cultural practices such as betel-quid chewing, and varying patterns of tobacco and alcohol use are important risk factors that predispose to cancer of the oral cavity. The aim of this review is to provide an update on epidemiology of OC between 2000 and 2012. A literature search for this review was conducted on Medline for articles on OC from Asian countries. Some of the articles were also hand searched using Google. High incidence rates were reported from developing nations like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Taiwan and Sri Lanka. While an increasing trend has been observed in Pakistan, Taiwan and Thailand, a decreasing trend is seen in Philippines and Sri Lanka. The mean age of occurrence of cancer in different parts of oral cavity is usually between 51-55 years in most countries. The tongue is the leading site among oral cancers in India. The next most common sites in Asian countries include the buccal mucosa and gingiva. The 5 year survival rate has been low for OC, despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment. Tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol are the main reasons for the increasing incidence rates. Low socioeconomic status and diet low in nutritional value lacking vegetables and fruits contribute towards the risk. In addition, viral infections, such as HPV and poor oral hygiene, are other important risk factors. Hence, it is important to control OC by screening for early diagnosis and controlling tobacco and alcohol use. It is also necessary to have cancer surveillance at the national-level to collect and utilise data for cancer prevention and control programs.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.282-288
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neck node metastasis pattern and related clinical factors in oral cavity cancer patients. Materials and Methods: In total, 76 patients (47 males, 29 females) with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) who had no previous malignancies and were not undergoing neoadjuvant concomitant chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy were selected for analysis. Results: Occult metastases were found in 8 of 52 patients with clinically negative nodes (cN0, 15.4%). Neck node metastases were found in 17 patients (22.4%). There was a statistically significant relationship between neck node metastasis and T stage (P=0.014) and between neck node metastasis and distant metastasis (Fisher's exact test, P=0.019). Conclusion: Neck node metastasis was significantly related to tumor size and distant metastasis during follow-up.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.301-312
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• 2020

In disease diagnostics and health surveillance, the use of saliva has potential because its collection is convenient and noninvasive. Over the past two decades, the development of salivary utilization for the early detection of cancer, especially oral cavity and oropharynx cancer has gained the interest of the researcher and clinician. Until recently, the oral cavity and oropharynx cancers are still having a five-year survival rate of 62%, one of the lowest in all major human cancers. More than 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite the ease of accessing the oral cavity in clinical examination, most OSCC lesions are not diagnosed in the early stage, which is suggested to be the main cause of the low survival rate. Many studies have been performed and reported more than 100 potential saliva biomarkers for OSCC. However, there are still obstacles in figuring out the reliable OSCC salivary biomarkers and the clinical application of the early diagnosis protocol. The current review article discusses the emerging issues and is hoped to raise awareness of this topic in both researchers and clinicians. We also suggested the potential salivary biomarkers that are reliable, specific, and sensitive for the early detection of OSCC.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2012

위염 및 위암 등의 발생과 관련되어 있는 Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)는 구강의 치태와 타액에서 주로 발견이 된다. 유년시절 동안 주로 감염되는 것으로 알려져 있지만 감염경로는 불분명하다. 구강이 H. pylori의 두 번째 서식지로서 전염경로 및 위장내 H. pylori의 제균 후 재감염에 중요한 영향을 끼칠 수 있는지는 논쟁이 되고 있다. 따라서 본 저자는 문헌고찰을 통하여 구강 내에 존재하는 H. pylori에 관하여 알아보고자 하였다. 위장에 존재하는 H. pylori는 위인두반사나 구토에 의해 구강 내 발현될 수도 있으나, 구강과 위의 감염은 서로 관련성이 없는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 진단방법으로는 혈청학적검사, 요소호기검사, 중합효소연쇄반응(polymerase chain reaction: PCR)방법, Urease검사, 조직검사 등이 있으나, 타액과 치태에서는 nested PCR 방법이 주로 추천되어 진다. 구강 내 감염율은 다양하게 나타나며, 치과질환과의 연관성은 없는 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 치주질환 환자의 구강 내에서 발현율은 높게 나타나므로, 주의가 요구되며 향균 구강세척제의 사용이 권유된다. 결과적으로 구강 내 H. pylori는 정상세균총으로 사료되며, 향후 구강내 H. pylori에 관한 추가적인 많은 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2001

Objective: The role of chemotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer has been established in nasopharynx and larynx as definitive therapy and organ preserving therapy, respectively. Oral cavity cancers are relatively uncommon and local recurrence is the main cause of treatment failure. We planned this retrospective study to evaluate the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced oral cavity cancer patients. Materials and Methods: From 1988 March to 2001 February, locally advanced, previously untreated oral cavity cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were examined. Chemotherapy had been done in the following patients: Histologically proven squamous cell or poorly differentiated carcinoma, stage 3 or 4, and performance state 0-2 patients. Chemotherapy regimen consisted of cisplatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil. Response was evaluated after 2 cycles and in case of no response, definitive local therapy was done; otherwise 3 cycles was done before local treatment. Results: 48 patients were treated and 47 patients were evaluable for responses. Complete response rate was 6.4%(3/47) and partial response 80.0%(38/47), scoring overall response rate of 87.2%. Median time to progression was 27.0 months (95% CI : 0-58months) and overall 5 year survival was 54.8%. 5-year disease-free survival in the patients in remission after local treatment was 51.9%. In multivariate analysis, contributing factor to the survival were response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and local treatment modalities. Extensive surgery was done in 10 patients and 25 patents (52.1%) was followed up with preserved function. With median follow-up of 57.0 months, 19 recurrences were detected, most of which were local or regional type. Conclusion: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by local treatment in oral cavity cancer showed high response rate and was thought to be effective therapeutic approach especially in view of organ preservation.

• 대한두경부종양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한두경부종양학회 2005년도 제22차 추계학술대회
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• pp.245-245
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• 2005

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2013

Locoregional recurrence of tongue cancer is higher than that of other sites of the oral cavity. Locoregional control has shown improvement over the past 20 years, however, a high rate of recurrence and second primary tumor occurrence is still frequently reported. Leukoplakia is a clinical term, which describes a whitish lesion of the oral cavity. Clinicopathologic features may range from hyperkeratosis to malignancy. Because of its diverse pathologic characteristics, management of this lesion for diagnosis, treatment planning, establishment of a clear surgical margin, and periodic follow-up is difficult. We report on a case of successfully treated tongue cancer which developed from leukoplakia over 10 years. Periodic follow-up strategy and surgical planning are most important to management of locoregional recurrence.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.76-79
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• 2002

Temporoparietal fascial flap (TPFF) has been used in the reconstruction of a broad spectrum of complex defect of head & neck it can be used as pedicled flap or free flap. TPFF is extensively is good for reconstruction of auricular defects because it is fascial flap with ease of covering irregular surface. TPFF is supplied by the superficial temporal artery & vein and innervated by zygomatico-temporal branch of facial nerve and auriculotemporal nerve. The flap ranges from 2-4mm in thickness and can be harvested up to 17x14cm wide, it can include calvarian bone and enables primary closure of donor site. We carried out reconstruction of oral cavity defects by means of TPFF with a satisfactory result in two cases of oral cavity cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.327-336
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• 2016

Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer among women, and it arises from cells that originate in the cervix uteri. Among several causes of cervical malignancies, infection with some types of human papilloma virus (HPV) is well known to be the greatest cervical cancer risk factor. Over 150 subtypes of HPV have been identified; more than 40 types of HPVs are typically transmitted through sexual contact and infect the anogenital region and oral cavity. The recently introduced vaccine for HPV infection is effective against certain subtypes of HPV that are associated with cervical cancer, genital warts, and some less common cancers, including oropharyngeal cancer. Two HPV vaccines, quadrivalent and bivalent types that use virus-like particles (VLPs), are currently used in the medical commercial market. While the value of HPV vaccination for oral cancer prevention is still controversial, some evidence supports the possibility that HPV vaccination may be effective in reducing the incidence of oral cancer. This paper reviews HPV-related pathogenesis in cancer, covering HPV structure and classification, trends in worldwide applications of HPV vaccines, effectiveness and complications of HPV vaccination, and the relationship of HPV with oral cancer prevalence.