• Computers and Concrete
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.183-199
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• 2013

To select a most desired mix proportion that meets required performances according to the quality of recycled aggregate, a large number of experimental works must be carried out. This paper proposed a new design method for the mix proportion of recycled aggregate concrete to reduce the number of trial mixes. Genetic algorithm is adapted for the method, which has been an optimization technique to solve the multi-criteria problem through the simulated biological evolutionary process. Fitness functions for the required properties of concrete such as slump, density, strength, elastic modulus, carbonation resistance, price and carbon dioxide emission were developed based on statistical analysis on conventional data or adapted from various early studies. Then these fitness functions were applied in the genetic algorithm. As a result, several optimum mix proportions for recycled aggregate concrete that meets required performances were obtained.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.17-34
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• 1996

본 논문의 주된 목적은 폐자원(첨가제로서 pyrolyzed carbon black과 굵을 골재로서 aircooled iron blast furnace slag)을 사용한 아스팔트 콘크리트의 기본특성을 설명하는 것이다. 최적의 아스팔트 함유량을 결정하기 위하여 Marshall Mik Design방법을 이용하였고, 최적의 아스팔트 함유량은 첨가제의 양에 따라 변하며,그 범위는 6.7%에서 7.57%로 나타났다. 최적의 아스팔트 함유량을 이용하여 아스팔트 콘크리트 시편을 제작하였고, dynamic creep 실험을 수행하였다. Pyrolyzed carbon black과 Furnace slag의 사용은 Marshall stability를 증가시켰고, 비교적 높은 온도(5$0^{\circ}C$)와 137.gkpa의 구속 압력하에서 아스팔트 콘크리트의 시간에 따른 변형률을 감소시켰고, 또한 시간에 따른 아스팔트 콘크리트의 stiffness감소 비율을 줄여주는 역할을 하였다. 본 실험결과로 부터 첨가제로서의 pyrolyzed carbon black과 굵은 골재로서의 slag의 사용은 Marshall stability, stiffness, rutting resistance에 좋은 결과를 나타내는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2007

최근 콘크리트의 품질과 구조물의 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위해서 고성능콘크리트의 현장 적용이 늘고 있다. 이러한 고성능콘크리트의 배합 설계 방법으로는 모르타르-굵은골재 2상계 배합 이론과 페이스트-골재 2상계 배합 이론이 있다. 이 중 모르타르-굵은골재 2상계 배합이론은 모르타르의 레올로지 특성을 부여함에 있어 반복적인 실험을 통해서 그 값을 결정해야 하는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 페이스트-골재 2상계 배합 이론은 최적 잔골재율과 단위결합재량과의 관계 및 콘크리트의 충전성을 확보할 수 있는 한계 골재 용적비 등이 고려되어 있지 않아 고성능콘크리트에의 적용 예가 없는 실정이다. 또한 이들 고성능콘크리트의 배합 설계 이론은 일반콘크리트와는 달리 유동성 및 충전성에 중점을 두고 있어 배합 설계에서 강도 특성을 고려하지 않고 있으며, 사용 재료의 단위량은 일반콘크리트와 같이 시행착오법으로 결정하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고성능콘크리트의 배합 설계에 최대 밀도 이론을 도입하여 사용 골재의 공극이 최소가 되는 최적 잔골재율 산정으로 배합 설계 시 시행착오를 줄이고, 강도를 고려한 최소 단위 결합재량의 결정으로 강도와 유동성을 동시에 만족할 수 있는 합리적이며 간편한 고성능콘크리트의 배합 설계법을 제안하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 본 연구에서 제안된 배합 설계법은 최소 공극을 갖는 최적 잔골재율 사용과 최소 단위 결합재량 이상의 결합재를 사용함으로써 시행착오를 줄일 수 있어 자기충전성을 갖는 고성능콘크리트를 간편하게 제조할 수 있다.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.3-15
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• 1991

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.627-634
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• 2008

이 연구에서는 한정된 데이터베이스를 바탕으로 콘크리트 물성 예측 모델을 만들어 최적 배합을 구할 때, 탐색 범위를 한정된 데이터베이스로 제안함으로써 보다 신뢰성 있는 콘크리트 배합을 제시할 수 있는 기법을 제안하였다. 제안한 기법은 각 구성 재료의 가능한 모든 영역을 포함하는 데이터베이스를 구축하지 않고 최적화 과정에서 탐색 범위를 한정된 데이터베이스로 제안함으로써 콘크리트 물성 예측 모델이 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있게 된다. 이 연구에서 이러한 영역을 유효영역으로 정의 하였다. 제안한 기법은 유전자 알고리즘, 인공신경회로망, 그리고 최소 볼록 집합을 이용하여 구현하였으며, 이 방법의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 주어진 강도 조건을 만족하면서 최저의 가격으로 제조할 수 있는 배합을 찾는 최적화 문제에 적용하였으며 검증 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 데이터베이스의 영역 특성을 반영하는 제안한 기법을 통하여 보다 정확하고 신뢰성 있는 최적 배합을 찾을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2013

국내 자동차 사용이 증가하면서 폐타이어의 재활용에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 폐타이어의 재활용을 위한 처리방법중 분말가공 형태는 25%로서 건설현장에서 다양하게 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 황과 폐타이어를 이용한 콘크리트(SRC: Sulfur-Rubber Concrete)의 물리적 특성을 파악하여 최적배합비를 제안하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 황과 폐타이어의 배합양을 달리하여 압축강도 실험을 수행하였다. 더불어 SRC의 제작과정을 2개의 배합방법(건조배합과정 및 습윤배합 과정)에 따라서 각각 그 특성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 고무의 혼입률이 증가할수록 SRC의 압축강도는 감소함을 알 수 있었으며, 마이크로 충진재의 첨가와 황 혼입률 조절은 압축강도를 향상시켰다. 또한 SRC의 황의 혼입률을 조절하여 강도의 최적값을 제안하였다. 이러한 SRC는 도로포장이나 경량벽체 또는 충격에너지 흡수율이 높은 건설 분야에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.3749-3757
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• 1975

This study was conducted to investigate some effects of Cemesol on acidresistance and compressive strength of concrete. In mix design of concrete, the cemesol was used as an admixture of cement, and it was added to the mix in an amount equal to 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% by weight of cement of the mix. Concrete specimens were made in accordance with the. Korean Standard Specification for concrete and they were tested for acid-resistance and compressive strength at 2 weeks intervals through 8 weeks. The tests were performed in two cases non-curing and curing for 28 days. The results obtained from the tests are summarized as follows. 1. Refering to acid-resistance test, the cemesol was comparatively effective at every cemesol content except 0.3% in case of non-curing and it was found that cemesol content of 0.4% was the optimum. On the other hand, the cemesol was ineffective in case of curing, but it was seen that cemesol content of 0.1% had some effect at 6 to 8 weeks curing only. 2. Refering to compressive strength test, the cemesol was remarkably effective at a content of 0.1% but it was also shown most inefiective at content of 0.3% in case of non-curing. On the other hand the cemesol was comparatively effective at every content of cemesol except a content of 0.2% in case of curing and it was determined that the cemesol content of 0.3% may be an optimum content. 3. Since optimum cemesol content varied according to acid-resistance, compressive strength and cases such as non-curing and curing, as indicated above may be desirable to choose an optimum cemesol content suitable for purposes and ciroumstances of construction works or conditions of location. 4. The corrosive rate was proportional to compressive strength in case of non-curing, but the relation was reversed in case of curing. It was found that corrosive rate for 8 weeks did not influence compressive strength in case of non-curing but compressive strength in case of curing begins to vary under the influence of corrosion. Thus, corrosion may be more serious to compressive strength in case of curing than that in case of non-curing.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.479-490
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• 2021

Present research is mainly focused on, microstructural and durability analysis of Graphene Oxide (GO) in Wollastonite (WO) induced cement mortar with silica fume. The study was conducted by evaluating the mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strength), durability properties (water absorption, sorptivity and sulphate resistance) and microstructural analysis by SEM. Cement mortar mix prepared by replacing 10% ordinary portland cement with SF was considered as the control mix. Wollastonite replacement level varied from 0 to 20% by weight of cement. The optimum replacement of wollastonite was found to be 15% and this was followed by four sets of mortar specimens with varying substitution levels of cementitious material with GO at dosage rates of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% by weight. The results indicated that the addition of up to 15%WO and 0.3% GO improves the hydration process and increase the compressive strength and flexural strength of the mortar due to the pore volume reduction, thereby strengthening the mortar mix. The resistance to water penetration and sulphate attack of mortar mixes were generally improved with the dosage of GO in presence of 15% Wollastonite and 10% silica fume content in the mortar mix. Furthermore, FE-SEM test results showed that the WO influences the lattice framework of the cement hydration products increasing the bonding between silica fume particles and cement. The optimum mix containing 0.3% GO with 15% WO replacement exhibited extensive C-S-H formation along with a uniform densified structure indicating that calcium meta-silicate has filled the pores.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

PURPOSES : This study determined the optimal usage rate of RAP (reclaimed asphalt pavement) using cold central-plant recycling (CCPR) on a road-surface layer. In addition, a mixture-aggregate gradation design and a curing method based on the proposed rate for the surface-layer mix design were proposed. METHODS : First, current research trends were investigated by analyzing the optimum moisture content, mix design, and quality standards for surface layers in Korea and abroad. To analyze the aggregate characteristics of the RAP, its aggregate-size characteristics were analyzed through the combustion asphalt content test and the aggregate sieve analysis test. Moreover, aggregate-segregation experiments were performed to examine the possibility of RAP aggregate segregation from field compaction and vehicle traffic. After confirming the RAP quality standards, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate, aggregate-gradation design and quality tests were conducted for mixtures with 40% and 50% RAP usage. The optimum moisture content of the surface-layer mixture containing RAP was tested, as was the evapotranspiration effect on the surface-layer mixture of the optimum moisture content. RESULTS : After analyzing the RAP recycled aggregate size and extraction aggregate size, 13-8mm aggregate was found to be mostly 8mm aggregate after combustion. After using surface-chipping and mixing methods to examine the possibility of RAP aggregate segregation, it was found that the mixing method contributed very little for 3.32%, and because the surface-chipping method applied compaction energy directly as the maximum assumption the separation ratio was 15.46%. However, the composite aggregate gradation did not change. Using a 40% RAP aggregate rate on the surface-layer mixture for cold central-plant recycling satisfied the Abroad quality standard. The optimum moisture content of the surface-layer mixture was found to be 7.9% using the modified Marshall compaction test. It was found that the mixture was over 90% cured after curing at $60^{\circ}C$ for two days. CONCLUSIONS : To use the cold central-plant recycling mixture on a road-surface layer, a mixture-aggregate gradation design was proposed as the RAP recycled aggregate size without considering aggregate segregation, and the RAP optimal usage rate was 40%. In addition, the modified Marshall compaction test was used to determine the optimum moisture content as a mix-design parameter, and the curing method was adapted using the method recommended by Asphalt Recycling & Reclaiming Association (ARRA).

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.567-572
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• 2002

This research investigates experimentally an effect on the quality performances of the high flowing concrete according to binder types. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum mix proportion of the high flowing concrete having good flowability, viscosity and no-segregation. For this purpose, two types using belite cement＋lime stone powder(LSP) and furnace slag cement+lime stone powder are selected and tested by design factors including water cement ratio, fine and coarse aggregate volume ratio. As test results of this study, the optimum mix proportion for binder types is as followings. 1) One type based belite cement ; water cement ratio $51^{\circ}C$, fine aggregate volume ratio $43^{\circ}C$ and coarse aggregate volume ratio $53^{\circ}C$, replacement ratio of LSP $42.7^{\circ}C$. 2) Another type based slag cement : water cement ratio $41^{\circ}C$, fine aggregate volume ratio $47^{\circ}C$ and coarse aggregate volume ratio $53^{\circ}C$, replacement ratio of LSP $13.5^{\circ}C$.