• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2000

In existing models in optimization, the crisp data improve has been used in the objective or constraints to derive the optimal solution, Besides, the subjective environments are eliminated because the complex and uncertain circumstances were regarded as Probable ambiguity, In other words those optimal solutions in the existing models could be the complete satisfactory solutions to the objective functions in the Process of application for industrial engineering methods to minimize risks of decision-making. As a result of those, decision-makers in location Problems couldn't face appropriately with the variation of demand as well as other variables and couldn't Provide the chance of wide selection because of the insufficient information. So under the circumstance. it has been to develop the model for the location and size decision problems of logistics facility in the use of the fuzzy theory in the intention of making the most reasonable decision in the Point of subjective view under ambiguous circumstances, in the foundation of the existing decision-making problems which must satisfy the constraints to optimize the objective function in strictly given conditions in this study. Introducing the Process used in this study after the establishment of a general mixed integer Programming(MIP) model based upon the result of existing studies to decide the location and size simultaneously, a fuzzy mixed integer Programming(FMIP) model has been developed in the use of fuzzy theory. And the general linear Programming software, LINDO 6.01 has been used to simulate, to evaluate the developed model with the examples and to judge of the appropriateness and adaptability of the model(FMIP) in the real world.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.398-403
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• 1978

Squid was dried on the fluidized-bed in the drying chamber filled with solid particles which were also fluidized with hot-air, and effects of the fluidized particles, the squid's height from the grid and the drying temperature on the drying rate and quality of the squid were observed The mechanism of moisture transfer during the falling rate period was also derived. 1. Sodium chloride was found to be the most suitable fluidized particles and at an air velocity of 3.8 m/sec, optimal fluidization state of this particle was obtained. 2. Uniform profiles of temperature were obtained at a point 4 cm above the grid and the location of squid on the fluidized-bed observed to be suitable when it was 4 cm above the grid. 3. At an air velocity of 3.8 m/sec and when the location height of the squid on the fluidized-bed was 4 cm, the optimal temperature for the drying time which is required to reduce the moisture from 80.8% to 18-22% was 8.5 hours. 4. Drying data followed the empirical equation of unsteady state diffusion $log\;(\frac{W-We}{Wc-We})=-m{\theta}$ in the region of the moisture contents measured and the drying constant (m) was calculated as $0.32hr^{-1}$. These results suggested that the migration of moisture during the falling rate period is due to a diffusion type mechanism. 5. The short constant rate period was observed in the early stage and thereafter, drying was controlled by the falling rate period, and the time ratio of the fluidized bed drying to the through circulation drying for reducing the squid's moisture contents to the same level at the same drying temperature was 1 : 1.4 6. Comparisons of fluidized-bed dried squid and sun dried squid in sale showed that there was no significant change in qualities such as external appearance and hydrogen ion concentration of dry product.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

Maintenance of adequate soil water potential during the period of crop growth is necessary to support optimum plant growth and yields. A better understanding of soil water movement within and below the rooting zone can facilitate optimal irrigation scheduling aimed at minimizing the adverse effects of water stress on crop growth and development and the leaching of water below the root zone which can have adverse environmental effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a portable irrigation controller with an Watermark sensor for the cultivation of drip-irrigated vegetable crops in a greenhouse. The control capability of the irrigation controller for a soil water potential of -20 kPa was evaluated under summer conditions by cultivating 45-day-old tomato plants grown in three differently textured soils (sandy loam, loam, and loamy sands). Water contents through each soil profile were continuously monitored using three Sentek probes, each consisting of three capacitance sensors at 10, 20, and 30 cm depths. Even though a repeatable cycling of soil water potential occurred for the potential treatment, the lower limit of the Watermark (about 0 kPa) obtained in this study presented a limitation of using the Watermark sensor for optimal irrigation of tomato plants where -20 kPa was used as a point for triggering irrigations. This problem might be related to the slow response time and inadequate soil-sensor interface of the Watermark sensor as compared to a porous and ceramic cup-based tensiometer with a sensitive pressure transducer. In addition, the irrigation time of 50 to 60 min at each of the irrigation operation gave a rapid drop of the potential to zero, resulting in over irrigation of tomatoes. There were differences in water content among the three different soil types under the variable rate irrigation, showing a range of water contents of 16 to 24%, 17 to 28%, and 24 to 32% for loamy sand, sandy loam, and loam soils, respectively. The greatest rate increase in water content was observed in the top of 10 cm depth of sandy loam soil within almost 60 min from the start of irrigation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.843-850
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• 2000

We have produced the microcapsule composed of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ as a core material (Cm) and the gelatinized polysaccharide as a wall material (Wm). Firstly, we have developed a simple, sensitive, and quantitative analysis method of the microencapsulation product using 5% cupric acetate pyridine solution. We could then optimize all the conditions for the microencapsulation process such as the ratio of [Cm] to [Wm], the temperature of dispersion fluid, and the emulsifier concentration using response surface methodology (RSM). As for the microencapsulation of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, the regression model equation for the yield of microencapsulation (YM, %) to the change of an independent variable could be predicted as follows : YM=99.77-1.76([Cm]:[Wm])-1.72$([Cm]\;:\;[Wm])^2$. From the ridge of maximum response, the optimum conditions for the microencapsulation of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ were able to be determined as the ratio of [Cm] to [Wm] of 4.6:5.4(w/w), the emulsifier concentration of 0.49%, and dispersion fluid temperature of $25.5^{\circ}C$, respectively. Finally, the microcapsules produced under the optimal conditions were applied for the analysis of storage stability. The optimal conditions for the storage were found to be the values of pH 9.0 and $25{\sim}35^{\circ}C$. And the storage stability of the microcapsules containing ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ were higher than 99% for a week at pH 9.0 and $25^{\circ}C$.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.4 no.1 s.6
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• pp.15-29
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• 2005

Truck Shipment Safety Information, which is a part of the development of NERIS is divided into Optimal Route Guidance System and Emergency Response System. This research is for establishing an advance warning system, which aims for preventing damages(fire, explosion, gas-escape etc.) and detecting incidents that are able to happen during transporting hazardous materials in advance through monitoring the position of moving vehicles and the state of hazardous materials in real-time. This research is peformed to confirm the practical possibility of application of the advance warning system that monitors whether the hazardous materials transport vehicles move the allowed routes, finds the time and the location of incidents of the vehicles promptly and develops the emergency system that is able to respond to the incidents as well by using the technologies of CPS, CDMA and CIS with testing the ability of performance. As the results of the test, communication accuracies are 99$\%$ in freeway, 96$\%$ in arterial, 97$\%$ in hilly sections, 99$\%$ in normal sections, 96$\%$ in local sections, 99$\%$ in urban sections and 98$\%$ in tunnels. According to those results, the system has been recorded a high success rate of communication that enough to apply to the real site. However, the weak point appeared through the testing is that the system has a limitation of communication that is caused in the rural areas and certain areas where are fewer antennas that make communication possible between on-board unit and management server. Consequently, for the practical use of this system, it is essential to develop the exclusive en-board unit for the vehicles and find the method that supplements the receiving limitation of the GPS coordinates inside tunnels. Additionally, this system can be used to regulate illegal acts automatically such as illegal negligence of hazardous materials. And the system can be applied to the study about an application scheme as a guideline for transporting hazardous materials because there is no certain management system and act of toxic substances in Korea.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.77-90
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• 2016

This study is to examine the importance of site selection and service quality in franchise business as food service franchise became one of the fastest-growing service industries today. The chief finding of this study is as follows: First, a survey in locational and service quality factors affecting food service franchise shows that responders are more concerned with hygiene and visibility of the store than proximity and transportation advantages which reflects low statistical significance, thus the distance did not seem to be a big problem for the responders in the context that they mostly visit nearby food franchise. Second, the examination of the influence by the service quality factors and customer satisfaction shows significant positive relation with customer response, speed and accuracy, and accuracy factors which reveals that the responders prefer prompt response and swift judgment toward the customer's needs and expectations, professional knowledge services to the credibility factors in which little correlation with the customer satisfaction were found. Third, the examination of the influence by the service quality factors, locational factors, and re-visit reveals that customer response and specialty showed statistically significant correlation with intention of WOM (Word of Mouth) and revisit, which suggests that swift judgment and response toward the customer's needs and expectations, professional knowledge services is of great importance to both customer satisfaction and revisit. The study on the aspects of locational and service quality factors affecting franchise industry's customer satisfaction was conducted as above, an investigation in both factors' influence on the customer satisfaction was made, and based on the results of the analysis, this research seeks an optimal operation strategy of a franchise business. Food service franchise are relatively very competent to business adminstration and reaction capability to consumption changes due to the already established market, and there are stores springing up everywhere inspired by the founders who are too confident of their success in the franchise business. However, it is necessary for the franchise beginners to figure out a zone oriented, regular customer oriented business strategy than just complying with the head office manual. Owing to an increasing trend of opening medium to large sized stores and investments in the wake of converting to multiple business type Korean food franchise, there is growing need to set up new concept of store development and operational management strategy in order to overcome the excessive competition and limited sales volume of the old-fashioned small sized, small capital franchise stores. Furthermore, as most business category of food service franchise serve very similar menus, from a product differentiation point of view, it is required to map out flexible sales concept including the adoption of competitive and low-price strategy. In conclusion, as is shown in the analytical research, the customers' optimal choice fluctuate over their preferences like customer convenience and circumstances rather than insisting on specific brand, thus it will be necessary for the franchise stores to draw up aggressive strategy and planning in running food service franchise to maximize their profits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2003

The midwater pair trawl which is being used at present in Korea have several problems. Firstly, it is difficult to control the net height on high towing speed. Secondly, net breaking often occurs owing to floats and thirdly, the volume of net on the net drum is so large. This study is aiming for examining the possibility of application for the Korean midwater pair trawl through the model experiment of non-float midwater pair trawl. The model of non-float midwater pair trawl was manufactured as 1/100 of the full scale net which is being used in bottom pair trawl for 850ps class considering the Tauti's Similarity law. The model experiment was carried out to analyze the opening efficiency according to the variation of lower warp length and the opening efficiency was investigated between th proto type and non-float type. The results obtained can be summarized as follows ; 1. The hydrodynamic resistance of non-float type was about 10~20% smaller than that of the proto type and it increased about 1ton according to the increase of dL at the condition of the same flow speed. The resistance acting on the lower warp decreased about 5% but that of the upper warp increased according to the increase of lower warp length (dL) at the condition of the same flow speed. 2. The net height of the non-float type decreased almost linearly according as the increased of flow speed and it increased in a logarithmic functional form with the increase of the lower warp length at the condition of the same flow speed. On the decreasing rate of the net height, the non-float type was lower than the proto type and the difference of the decreasing rate was about 12% at 3.0 knot, 25% at 4.0 knot, 25% at 4.0 knot respectively when dL was 30m. 3. The net width of non-float type was not varied so much as only 2m range and was larger than that of proto type. 4. The mouth area of non-float type decreased in a exponential functional form. On the decreasing rate of the mouth area, the non-float type was lower than the proto type. The filtering volume increased in a logarithmic functional form with increasing flow speed and the filtering volume of proto type decreased steeply over 3.0knot, but that of non-float type increased until 4.0knot. 5. The optimal length of lower warp was when the value of dL was about 30m and the optimal position of front weight was at the connection point of four net pendants.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.459-468
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• 2014

Groyne to control the direction and velocity of flow in rivers is generally installed for the purpose of protecting riverbanks or embankments from erosion caused by running water. In particular, as interest in river restoration and natural river improvement increases, groynes are proposed as a key hydraulic structure for local flow control and riparian habitat establishment. Groynes are installed mainly in groups rather than as individual structures. In case of groynes installed as a group, flow around the groynes change according to spacing in between the groynes. Therefore, groyne spacing is regarded as the most important factor in groyne design. This study aimed at examining changes of flows around and within the area of groynes that take place according to the spacing of groynes installed in order to propose the optimal spacing for upward groynes. To examine flow characteristics around groynes, this study looked at flows in main flow area and recirculation flow area separately. In main flow area, it examined the impact of flow velocity increasing as a result of conveyance reduction that is exerted on river bed stability in relation to changes in the maximum flow velocity according to installation spacing. As a factor causing impacts on scouring and sedimentation within the area of groynes, recirculation flow in the groyne area can lead problems concerning flow within the area and stability of embankment. As for recirculation area, an analysis was conducted on the scale of rotational flow and the flow around embankment that exerts impacts on stability of the embankment. In addition, a comparative analysis was carried with reference to changes of the central point of rotational flow that occur within the area of groynes. As a result of compositely examining the results, the appropriate installation spacing is proposed as min. four times-max. six times considering a decrease in flow velocity according to the installation of upward groynes, river bed stability and stability of embankments against counterflow within the area of groynes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2015

Under the premise that parks have been a performing field of welfare ideology that benefits the citizen from the past, the present study began with a basic question on what substance a park has and how it has worked. Therefore, this study tried to find out the theoretic background that can explain the roles of a park as an instrument for welfare, of which topic is currently being discussed, and examine how the ideology in the debate regarding welfare characteristics of parks are differentiated from those of social welfare. In addition, this study divided the process of development of parks defined by Galen Cranz in an attempt to view how welfare benefits offered by parks have changed in their development and looked into the roles and types of welfare functions that parks provided to the citizens under a certain social situation by period. Furthermore, the characteristics and development of the ideology underlying a welfare park were examined by function and element in its progression. The results of this study are as follows. The functions that parks have performed so far can be classified into three categories. First, they have a remedial function. Parks have given direct services to 'the socially disadvantaged' such as relief, fostering, and rehabilitation. Second, parks have played a preventive function. They aim to reinforce the functions of individual, family, group, and community. Third, they have exerted a developmental function. They function to promote change of society in a way for it to contribute to social development. Looking into the roles and functions of parks from the perspective of their beneficiary class and benefits, the following were discovered. First, the beneficiaries of welfare characteristics in parks have expanded to the general public from the poor class, and the benefits of parks have spread into the public including the underprivileged in a real sense. Second, the significance of welfare characteristics in parks has also changed from literal benefits to caring for basic human rights. Third, the purpose of welfare characteristics in parks has changed from providing minimal conditions to optimal conditions. At its beginning, the ideology of welfare in parks remained ideal, confining itself to their idealistic characteristics; but as time went on, they created several social benefits in response to various social demands, developing into a field where welfare ideology manifests and is realized in an active manner. Furthermore, it was witnessed that the parks and welfare of the present times are standing at the point of contact for participation and universal well-being. The present study reconsidered the meaning and value of parks from perspective of them as a provider of welfare benefits as well as examined how the welfare ideology of parks is connected to practice. By doing so, this study discovered the various roles, values, and ideology that parks should bear in the future. Therefore, this study is expected to be a good example for future research related to the topic.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1445-1462
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• 2022

Compact Advanced Satellite 500-4 (CAS500-4), which is scheduled to be launched in 2025, is a mid-resolution satellite with a 5 m resolution developed for wide-area agriculture and forest observation. To utilize satellite images, it is important to establish a precision sensor model and establish accurate geometric information. Previous research reported that a precision sensor model could be automatically established through the process of matching ground control point (GCP) chips and satellite images. Therefore, to improve the geometric accuracy of satellite images, it is necessary to improve the GCP chip matching performance. This paper proposes an improved GCP chip matching scheme for improved precision sensor modeling of mid-resolution satellite images. When using high-resolution GCP chips for matching against mid-resolution satellite images, there are two major issues: handling the resolution difference between GCP chips and satellite images and finding the optimal quantity of GCP chips. To solve these issues, this study compared and analyzed chip matching performances according to various satellite image upsampling factors and various number of chips. RapidEye images with a resolution of 5m were used as mid-resolution satellite images. GCP chips were prepared from aerial orthographic images with a resolution of 0.25 m and satellite orthogonal images with a resolution of 0.5 m. Accuracy analysis was performed using manually extracted reference points. Experiment results show that upsampling factor of two and three significantly improved sensor model accuracy. They also show that the accuracy was maintained with reduced number of GCP chips of around 100. The results of the study confirmed the possibility of applying high-resolution GCP chips for automated precision sensor modeling of mid-resolution satellite images with improved accuracy. It is expected that the results of this study can be used to establish a precise sensor model for CAS500-4.