• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.515-522
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 가상의 "흑곰-HY" 가스전을 대상으로 상용저류전산시뮬레이터인 "ECLIPSE 300"을 사용하여 가스저장전으로 전환에 대비한 기술적 타당성을 평가하고자 하였다. 이 저류층의 매장량은 143 BCF로서 소규모 가스전이며, 공극률과 투과도는 각각 19.5%와 50 md로 가스의 순환이 원활이 이루어질 수 있는 비교적 양호한 저류층이다. 이 저류층에 대하여 가스저장전으로의 전환시 핵심적 검토항목인 쿠션가스 양, 저장전으로의 전환시점, 운영사이클 변경, 가스정의 수 및 수평정 적용 가능성 등에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, "흑곰-HY" 가스저장전에서 안정적인 가스저장을 위해서는 쿠션가스가 최소한 50% 이상이 되어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 가스를 더 오랜기간동안 생산하기 위해 잔류가스를 적정 쿠션가스 양보다 적게 남겨두어도 추가로 쿠션가스만 주입하면 기술적으로는 아무 문제가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 가스를 5개월 대신 동절기 3개월간만 재생산하는 운영사이클의 경우에는 쿠션가스를 60% 이상으로 높여주거나 가스정의 수를 늘려야만 재생산이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 가스정의 수에 대한 분석결과에서는 6개와 8개인 경우에는 저류층내 잔류가스가 증가하여 정상적인 재생산이 불가능하므로 "흑곰-HY" 가스전에서는 최소 10개의 수직가스정이 운영되어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 이에 반해 2개의 기존 수직정에 3개의 수평정을 추가로 시추하게 되면 비교적 안정적인 주입과 재생산이 가능한 것으로 산출되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.86-99
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 친수공간을 적극적으로 활용하는 수상레포츠인 드래곤 보트 페스티벌을 통해 친수공간의 외적 환경과 내적 공간구조의 분석하고, 이용효율성을 증진시키는 방안을 고찰해 보고자 하였다. 홍콩, 부산, 인천, 대전 등 국내외 4곳의 대상지를 통해 친수공간의 이용효율성에 영향을 미치는 요소에 대한 이용자들의 중요도와 만족도를 분석하고, 이에 따른 기초데이터를 제공하여 친수공간의 문화컨텐츠 활성화에 도움이 되고자 하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 12항목에 대한 중요도 분석에서 친수공간 주변의 현대적 관광자원이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 수변경관, 수변광장 및 오픈스페이스, 편의시설, 교통접근성, 수변녹지, 전망공간, 역사적 관광자원, 보행접근성, 수면의 폭, 수질, 수심, 파랑 등의 수면조건, 계류시설 순으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 수변경관성은 대상지의 공간 구조적 문제라기보다는 도시 규모에 따른 외적 환경 요인에 의한 것으로 해석되며, 친수공간 입지선정에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 중요한 요인으로 해석된다. 수변 녹지경관의 분석에서 국내 대상지의 만족도가 높은 것은 최근 천변공원 등이 친수적 행위를 고려하여 조성된 원인에 있다고 볼 수 있다. 전망공간은 수변 쾌적성 체험과 드래곤보트를 비롯한 수상레포츠의 역동성을 입체감 있게 볼 수 있는 주요 인프라로서, 이용효율성을 위해 개선되어야 할 부분이라고 판단된다. 셋째, 관광자원적 요소는 친수공간 이용효율성에 영향을 미치는 중요도가 높은 인자로서, 역사적 자원보다는 현대적 관광자원에 더욱 민감히 반응하는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 젊은 계층들의 쇼핑, 레저 등을 위한 관광인프라가 영향을 미친다고 분석되며, 홍콩과 부산은 주변 관광자원 인프라가 인접해 있는 친수공간 이용에 유리하게 작용한다는 것을 보여준다고 할 수 있다. 넷째, 교통 접근성 분석에서, 홍콩과 부산 두 곳 모두 지하철에 의한 교통 접근성이 우수한 지역의 영향으로 높게 평가되었으며, 대전은 교통 인프라에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 장소적 인지도의 영향 탓으로 만족도가 낮게 분석되었다. 홍콩의 보행접근성은 친수공간이 도심으로 연결되어 있고, 부산은 주거단지와 쇼핑센터 등의 이용객들이 도보로 접근할 수 있는 위치에 의한 결과로 분석된다. 마지막으로, 수면의 폭의 중요도 만족도 분석에서, 인천을 제외하고는 3곳 모두 수면의 폭이 200m 이상이며, 일정수준 이상의 수면 폭이 수상레포츠를 즐길 수 있는 집중력을 저해하는 결과로서 해석될 수 있다. 수질, 수심, 파랑 등의 수면 조건의 분석에서, 부산은 설문조사시 수질에 대한 문제가 제기되었으며, 대전 갑천의 경우는 대회 참여자들에 의해 적정수심에 대한 문제점이 제기되었다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제11호
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• pp.203-226
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• 2006

행사장은 다중이 운집되어 있는 특수한 경호대상지역으로서 특성상 고도의 전문성과 총체적이고 통합적 경호 운용시스템이 요구된다. 그럼에도 불구하고 최근에 발생한 상주 ‘가요콘서트’ 행사장사고는 민간경호업체의 전문성은 물론 종합적 안전관리체제의 미비, 전문 안전요원 배치기준 미비, 안전관리를 위한 매뉴얼 부재, 안전조치 부재 등 총체적인 문제점들을 내포하고 있었다. 그러므로 산재되어있는 국내 행사장경호에 관한 법적${\cdot}$제도적, 정책적, 운용적인 부문별 문제점과 그에 대한 개선방안을 모색하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있었으며, 본 연구를 수행하기위해 질적 연구방법을 택하여 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 최적의 행사장경호 운용시스템을 구축하기 위한 개선방안으로 법적${\cdot}$제도적 개산방안, 정책적 개선방안, 운용적 개선방안이라는 세 가지 범주의 개선방안을 제시하였다. 법적${\cdot}$제도적 개선방안으로는 경비업법의 개정 사안, 공연법 등 행사장 경호와 관련된 관련법령의 개정 사안에 대해 논의하였다. 정책적 개선방안으로는 ‘시큐리티기획사’제도의 도입과 ‘경비지도사’제도의 강화, 관계기관의 기능 확대와 상호협력체제 구축, 수익성행사의 민영화, 민간경호에 대한 의식의 제고, 시큐리티 박람회 및 세미나의 확대에 대해 논의하였다. 운용적 개선방안으로는 시큐리티컨설팅 기법, CPTED 기법의 적용, 시스템 통합 기법, 경호운용 기법 등의 전문 시큐리티 기법의 적용, 공경호와 자원봉사자의 지원시스템 마련, 표준 ‘경호업무매뉴얼’마련, 장비의 현대화${\cdot}$첨단화, 산${\cdot}$학${\cdot}$관이 참여하는 경호협의체의 구성을 제안하였다.목, 검정방법 등을 결정하도록 한다. 그리고 직업교육훈련기관의 설치 또는 연계가 필요하다.가 여자보다 더 높게 나타났다. 취업 준비를 위해 중점적으로 준비하는 것으로는 어학 공부가 40.4%로, 취업에 대한 자신감에서는 긍정적인 응답이 39.6%로 나타나 14.0%로 나타난 부정적인 응답보다 월등히 높게 나타났다. 다섯째, 경호관련 대학생들의 직업 선호도에 대해 49.2%가 공경호 분야를 선택해서 안정적인 직종을 원했고, 34.0%가 민간경호, 사설 경비업체를 선택하였다. 또한 공경호쪽에서의 희망 직종으로는 대통령 경호가 28.6%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 민간경호 부분에 있어서는 21.2%가 민간 경호, 경비업체를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.로 분석하여 특정시기(월)에 국한되어 폐각근과 내장낭의 생화학적 함량변화가 역상관관계를 나타내는 현상을 보였다. 특히, 폐각근과 내장낭내 총 RNA 함량 변화 양상은 총단백질 함량 변화 양상과 유사한 경향을 보여 RNA 함량 증가시 단백질 함량의 증가가 일어나고 있음을 알 수 있었다.순응이 초기에 높을 때 약물 순응률이 보다 높았다. 결국 약물치료 효과에 대한 만족도가 순응률 결정에 가장 중요한 요인이라고 생각되며, 약물치료효과를 높이기 위한 다양한 전략을 사용하여, 약물 순응도를 향상 시킬 필요가 있다고 생각된다.으나, 주의력에서는 전두엽의 실행능력(executive function)과 관련되는 검사들에서 산소흡입이 특이한 효과를 보여준다는 것이 확인되었고, 기억능력에서는 단기기억능력 평가에서 산소흡입군이 대조군보다 유의한 효과를 보여주는 것으로 평가되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 산소흡입이 전두엽과 관련된 수행능력, 작동기억능력 향상에 도움이 될 가능성이 있음을 시사하는 결과라고 생각된다.증 1명(5%)이었다. 모든 대상 아동이 주 진단 이외의

• 기록학연구
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• 제2호
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• pp.3-48
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• 2000

The collection and transfer of records is a very basic stage in the whole process of records and archives management. However they are regarded as an non-professional art of work in records management that are performed easily by everyone. Therefore they have been treated not properly in the scholarly discussion of archival sciences in Korea. The collection and transfer of records play an active role in the making of effective administrative system, in accumulating and sharing the knowledge and informations of political, economical, social and cultural values. On the basis of proper collection and transfer of records our democracy can operate regularly and our daily experiences can be preserved as historical resources. For the optimal-functioned collection and transfer of public records the archivists for this task must have a comprehensive understanding of whole process of records management and possess suitable professional skills. Moreover there are many sorts of preliminary works needed for this task, as follows: an accurate defining of administrative organizations and their tasks, thorough understanding of records management institutions on their own competence and ability, and the establishment of technical standards for their tasks. Additionally the archivists are able not only to consider the present informational and evidential values of the records, but also the historical values. It can be said that the collection and transfer of records is a "synthesis of records management skills" exerted by an archivist. According to the newly established law of public records management, the collection and transfer of public records must be registered at first electronically. Through this procedure the whole contents of produced and transmitted records, which are to be transferred, can be reported in detail. By means of this report the archival institutions and the archivists can trace back the each items of records(archives) and the result of their arrangement to identify a certain object. There are also new storage strategies employed to increase the whole sum of stored informations, i. e. records and archives, in spite of reducing the storage costs. It will be achieved by differentiations of the preservation methods for each sorts of records by the criteria of storage-period, -place, and -method. Many supplementary methods are also prepared to help the collection of important records(archives) in a complete structure and form. To let this new concept and system of collection and transfer of records operate properly, a number of professional archivists should be posted in the needed places throughout the whole administrative body. Their training must be also updated for the newly defined task of collection and transfer of records.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.142-152
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• 2001

This study examined all the papers published in the Journal of Occupational Health Nursing from 1991 to May 2000 based on an objective frame of evaluation. The purpose of study is to prospect the trend of occupational nursing research and to provide an optimal direction for future occupational nursing service. The results of total 94 studies were analyzed as follows. 1. The number of papers published in 1991-1992, 1993-1995, 1996-1997 was not significantly increased. However, the number of papers were obviously increased after 1998. 2. In the design of research, survey studies were definitely dominant. But, they are gradually decreasing and experimental studies are increasing. 3. In the fields of research, health problems, health risk factors and health awareness were higher than others. Occupational health nurse's task and job satisfaction were main areas of research until the middle of 1990's. However, after then, not only health problem, risk factor and awareness of health but also health promotion and preventive health behavior are increasing in the research areas. 4. The collaborative researches have gradually increased and the type of author has been varied. The number of researches completed by funds was undertaking only 3 among the total 94. 5. In the research analysis, except for case studies and literature studies, the research subjects have been shifted from the occupational health nurses to the industrial workers, and more diversified. The sample size has been enlarged and the major place of the study is industry. The questionnaire was used in many studies as instrument for data collection and measurement. But, complementary methods of diverse instruments have been increased. The method of data analysis has obviously showed some changes moving from descriptive statistics to inferential and advanced statistics. 6. The ways of nursing intervention have prominently diversified in experimental studies. The contents of case studies were mainly focused on the health management programs and activities in industry. The research concepts and the contents of literature study were also changed progressively in various way. Based on the above findings, conclusions are extended to the following discussion: Since the Korean Academic Society of Occupational Health Nursing was instituted in 1990, the researches of occupational health nursing have shown an acute methodological development in both quantity and quality. However, they were considered still in the lack of research verifying the effects of nursing intervention program. Also, the development of nursing intervention and nursing theory lacked. Therefore, more empirical researches are strongly needed to utilize the field of occupational health nursing in Korea Researchers are also encouraged to exert more efforts to get research funds.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2018

Soil stabilization can make the soils becoming more stable by using an admixture to the soil. Lime stabilization enhances the engineering properties of soil, which includes reducing soil plasticity, increasing optimum moisture content, decreasing maximum dry density and improving soil compaction. Silica fume is utilized as a pozzolanic material in the application of soil stabilization. Silica fume was once considered non-environmental friendly. In this paper, the materials required are kaolin grade S300, lime and silica fume. The focus of the study is on the determination of the physical properties of the soils tested and the consolidation of kaolin mixed with 6% silica fume and different percentages (3%, 5%, 7% and 9%) of lime. Consolidation test is carried out on the kaolin and the mixtures of soil-lime-silica fume to investigate the effect of lime stabilization with silica fume additives on the consolidation of the mixtures. Based on the results obtained, all soil samples are indicated as soils with medium plasticity. For mixtures with 0% to 9% of lime with 6% SF, the decrease in the maximum dry density is about 15.9% and the increase in the optimum moisture content is about 23.5%. Decreases in the coefficient of permeability of the mixtures occur if compared to the coefficient of permeability of kaolin soft clay itself reduce the compression index (Cc) more than L-SF soil mix due to pozzolanic reaction between lime and silica fume and the optimum percent of lime-silica fume was found to be (5%+6%) mix. The average coefficient of volume compressibility decreases with increasing the stabilizer content due to pozzolanic reaction happening within the soil which results in changes in the soil matrix. Lime content +6% silica fume mix can reduce the coefficient of consolidation from at 3%L+6%SF, thereafter there is an increase from 9%L+6%SF mix. The optimal percentage of lime silica fume combination is attained at 5.0% lime and 6.0% silica fume in order to improve the shear strength of kaolin soft clay. Microstructural development took place in the stabilized soil due to increase in lime content of tertiary clay stabilized with 7% lime and 4% silica fume together.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권1D호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 우리나라 실정에 맞는 도로포장의 장기 공용성 추정 및 자산가치 평가를 위한 의사결정지원시스템을 구축하여, 도로 포장의 공용성 평가와 생애주기분석을 통한 예방적 유지보수를 위한 최적 타이밍의 결정 등에 대한 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 또한 현재 일정한 금액의 예산으로 예산수준에 맞게 유지보수의 장소를 선정하는 근시안적인 예산관리시스템의 문제점을 보완하기 위해 도로관리자가 필요한 예산의 수준을 예측할 수 있도록 장기 소요예산 예측시스템 및 경제성원리를 도입하여 최소 비용으로 도로의 공용성을 유지하기 위한 도로포장자산평가시스템의 구축방안을 제시하고자 한다. 도로포장자산평가시스템 활용에 있어서, 적정수준의 포장평가지수를 유지하기 위해 대상구간의 당해년도 필요유지예산을 참고하여 효율적으로 예산을 편성할 경우, 가장 합리적인 도로포장 유지보수 예산을 분석할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로, 불필요한 예산의 낭비를 미연에 방지할 수 있을 것으로 판단되고, 도로포장의 장기 공용성 추정 및 자산가치 평가를 위한 의사결정 시스템 개발을 통해 최적 유지보수 기준의 제시 및 새로운 도로포장의 공법 도입을 위한 사전 평가 및 타당성 분석에도 응용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.263-276
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• 2018

Long-term survival and prognosis of narrow-diameter implants have been reported to be adequate to consider them a safe method for treating a deficient alveolar ridge. The objective of this study was to perform case report of narrow-diameter implants with a trapezoid-shape in anterior teeth alveolar bone. A 50-year-old male patient presented with discomfort due to mobility of all of the maxillary teeth and mandibular incisors. Due to destruction of alveolar bone, four anterior mandibular teeth were extracted. Soft tissue healing was allowed for approximately 3 months after the extraction, and a new design of implant placement was planned for the mandibular incisor area, followed by clinical and radiological evaluation. Implant placement was determined using an R2GATE surgical stent. The stability of the implants was assessed by ISQ measurements at the first and second implant surgery and after prosthetic placement. At 1 and 3 months and 1 year after implantation of the prosthesis, clinical and radiological examinations were performed. Another 50-year-old male patient presented with discomfort due to mobility of the mandibular central incisors. For the same reason as in the first patient, implant placement was carried out in the same way after extraction. ISQ measurements and clinical and radiological examinations were performed as in the previous case. In these two clinical cases, 12 months of follow-up revealed that the implant remained stable without inflammation or additional bone loss, and there was no discomfort to the patient. In conclusion, computer-guided implant surgery was used to place an implant in an optimal position considering the upper prosthesis. A new design of a narrow-diameter implant with a trapezoid-shape into anterior mandibular alveolar bone is a less invasive treatment method and is based on the contour of the deficient alveolar ridge. Through all of these procedures, we were able to reduce the number of traumas during surgery, reduce the operation time and total treatment period, and provide patients with more comfortable treatment.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2001

The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of latency period on alveolar ridge distraction using the intraoral distraction device. Nine adult mongrel dogs of either sex, weighing about 15kg, were used. They were divided into 3-day, 5-day, and 7-day groups according to the latency period. The left upper and lower premolars and first molars were extracted. Twelve weeks after the extraction, an osteotomy was performed and the distraction device was applied. After the latency period, the distraction was applied at a rate of 1.2mm for 8 days. The distraction device was left in place for 2 weeks to allow consolidation and was then removed. The animals were sacrified at 8 weeks after completion of distraction and were examined macroscopically, radiographically, and histologically. After completion of the distraction, the alveolar crest protruded prominently, showing the vertical augmentation of the alveolar bone. Soft tissues were broken down after the 6th day of distraction in 3-day latency group, and premature union occurred on the 7th day of distraction in the 7-day latency group. The average distance was $9.40{\pm}0.3mm$ in 3-day latency group, $9.35{\pm}0.1mm$ in 5-day latency group, and $8.85{\pm}0.1mm$ in 7-day latency group. In the radiograph taken at 8 weeks after distraction, there was slight bone resorption around the medial and distal edges of the alveolar bone segment, and a new bone deposition was observed in the neighboring alveolar crest area in all groups. Fibrous tissues were present in a part of the buccal cortical bone area of the distraction gap, and the woven and lamellar bones were observed in the distracted gap. There were bony bridges in the distraction gap in all animals examined. These results suggest that optimal time of latency period on alveolar ridge distraction using the intraoral distraction device is about 5 days in dogs, and about 7days in human beings.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.254-263
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• 2006

Manganese has a role as both toxic and essential in humans. Manganese is also an essential component in the welding because it increases the hardness and strength, prevents steel from cracking of welding part and acts as a deoxidizing agent to form a stable weld. In this study, manganese generation rate and its content was determined in flux cored arc welding on stainless steel. Domestic two products and foreign four products of flux cored wires were tested in the well designed fume generation chamber as a function of input power. Welding fume was measured by gravimetric method and metal manganese was determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometer. The outer shell of the flux cored wire tube and inner flux were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to determine their metal compositions. Manganese generation rate($FGR_{mn}$) was increased as the input power increased. It was 16.3 mg/min at the low input power, 38.1 mg/min at the optimal input power, and up to 55.4 mg/min at the high input power. This means that $FGR_{mn}$ is increased at the work place if welder raise the current and/or voltage for the high productivity. The slope coefficient of $FGR_{mn}$ was smaller than that of the generation rate of total fume(FGR). Also, the correlation coefficient of $FGR_{mn}$ was 0.65 whereas that of FGR is 0.91. $FGR_{mn}$ was equal or higher in the domestic products than that of the foreign products although FGR was similar. From the electron microscopic analytical data, we concluded that outer shell of the wire was composed mainly of iron, chromium, nickel and less than 1.2 % of manganese. There are many metal ingredients such as iron, silica, manganese, zirconium, titanium, nickel, potassium, and aluminum in the inner flux but they were not homogeneous. It was found that both $FGR_{mn}$ and content of manganese was higher and more varied in domestic flux cored wires than those of foreign products. To reduce worker exposure to fumes and hazardous component at the source, further research is needed to develop new welding filler materials that improve the quality of flux cored wire in respect to these points. Welder should keep in mind that the FGR, $FGR_{mn}$ and probably the generation rate of other hazardous metals were increased as the input power increase for the high productivity.