• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.244-250
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• 1993

Calli and suspension cultures were obtained following inoculation of the explant from leaves of Ginkgo biloba L on the supplemented MS basal medium. The obtained calli and suspension cultured cells were able to produce detectable amounts of ginkgolides which are known as natural specific PAF antagonists. The production of ginkgolides in the calli and suspension cultured celles were identified using GC/MS, GC and HPLC with authentic ocmpounds. Since the production of ginkgolides A and B the calli and suspension cultured cells had been confirmed, effects of types and concentration of plant growth regulators, media and illumination on the induction and growth of the callus were studied. The concentrations of growth regulators for optimal callus were studied. The concentrations of growth regulators for optimal callus induction were studied. The concentrations of growth regulators for optimal callus induction were 1.0 to 2.0 mg/L for NAA and o.1 mg/L for kinetin. The growth of the Callus seemed to be more simnultaed with the combination of NAA and kinetin than NAA and BA with illumination at all concentration ranges of 1.0 to 4.0 mg/l for NAA and o.1 to 1.0 mg/L for kinetin or BA studied. Amogn 8 different media used, the induction rate of callus on Anderson, Eriksson, and Shenk and Hildebrant at 4 weeks after the innoculation was almost the same as that of MS. However, callus was rarely induced on Heller or White medium. Suspension cultures were easily initiated with 3 g of callus (fresh weight) derived from ginkgo leaves on supplemented MS medium. A typical growth curve of suspension cultured cells could be obtained by measuring the fresh weight of the suspension cultured cells at every 3 days. To improve the growth of suspension cultured cells of ginkgo, effects of concentrations of NAA, sucrose, phosphate ions and molar ratio of $NH_{4}^+\;to\;NO_{3}^-$ ions in the culture medium were studied. The maximum growth of the cells was achieved when the culture medium contained 1.0 mg/L of NAA, 30 g/L sucrose, 1.75 mM phosphate ions and 1:5 molar ratio of $NH_{4}\;to\;NO_{3}^-$ ions.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 울릉도에서 수집한 자생 버섯 균주 5종의 평판배지 배양 특성과 액체배양에서의 특성을 확인하여 자생 균류의 이용을 위한 기초 정보를 확보하였다. 5종의 야생 균주의 최적 배양온도는 25-30℃이고, pH는 4.0-5.0의 산성임을 확인하였다. 특히P. brumalis는 35℃에서 생장 속도가 가장 빠른 것으로 보아 고온성 버섯으로 판단된다. 실험에 사용한 상용 배지 중 최적 배지는 F. punctata의 경우 MEPA 배지, P. ulleungus는 MMNA 배지, G. subnudus는 MEA 배지, T. kmetii는 MMNA 배지, 마지막으로P. brumalis는 모든 배지에서 빠른 생장 속도를 보였으며 6종류의 배지 중 MEA 배지는 모든 균주의 균사 밀도가 낮아 배양이 적합하지 않은 조성임을 확인하였다. P. brumalis는 5종의 균주중 가장 빠른 생육 속도를 보였으며, 반면에P. ulleungus는 가장 저조한 생장을 보여 같은 속(genus)의 종이지만, 생육특성의 차이가 극명함을 보였다. 액체배양을 통해 배양 기간에 따른 배양여액의 건조 중량을 비교한 결과 배양 기간이 길수록 건조량이 감소하는 양상을 보였으며, 특히 6개월 이전까지 큰 폭으로 감소하였다. 이 결과로 정치배양 조건에서의 액체배양은 한달 이상의 배양 시간이 주어져야만 배지 성분을 충분히 이용할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 실험의 결과로 5종의 균주에 대한 최적 배양조건을 확립하고 향후 응용 연구에 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.683-688
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• 1998

This study was conducted to develop optimal composition of flour brew in order to economically utilize flour brew inoculated by lactic acid bacteria as a starter(mother sponge) in bread-making. Two flour brews were prepared ; one with flour and water, the other with flour, water and NaCl. Various nutrients were added to both flour brews and Lactobacilli deMan Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth to investigate the effect of them on growth and activities of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus brevis and their mixed culture in flour brews to be tested with incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$. The growth of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus brevis and their mixed culture was stimulated by addition of NaCl with 0.85% concentratin and more by mixed culture than by single lactic acid bacteria, resulting in 3 hrs reduction in cultivation and more by mixed culture than by single lactic acid bacteria, resulting in 3 hrs reduction in cultivation time. the addition of 3% glucose to flour brew with NaCl was observed to enhance acid productioni by mixed culture. Yeast extract greatly affected growth and activities of mixed culture of lactic acid bacteria in flour brew with NaCl and its optimum level of this additive in flour brew with NaCl was approximately 1.0%. The optimal composition of flour brew for mixed culture of lactic acid bacteria was suggested as follows; flour 100g, water 300g, NaCl 3.46g, glucose 12.48g, yeast extract 3.46g.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.894-902
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• 2003

Prebiotics (peptides, N-acetyglucoamine, fructo-oligosaccharides, isomalto-oligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides) were added to skim milk in order to improve the growth rate of contained Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium bifidum. The purpose of this research was to study the potential synergy between probiotics and prebiotics when present in milk, and to apply modern optimization techniques to obtain optimal design and performance for the growth rate of the probiotics using a response surface-modeling technique. To carry out response surface modeling, the regression method was performed on experimental results to build mathematical models. The models were then formulated as an objective function in an optimization problem that was consequently optimized using a genetic algorithm and sequential quadratic programming approach to obtain the maximum growth rate of the probiotics. The results showed that the quadratic models appeared to have the most accurate response surface fit. Both SQP and GA were able to identify the optimal combination of prebiotics to stimulate the growth of probiotics in milk. Comparing both methods, SQP appeared to be more efficient than GA at such a task.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2011

An agar-degrading enzyme-producing strain was isolated from seawater. The isolate was identified as Microbulbifer sp. SD-1 by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The optimal pH and temperature for growth were 6.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively, and growth was possible at pH 9.0 and $60^{\circ}C$. The isolate required 5% NaCl for optimal growth and showed 45% growth activity without NaCl. Agar concentrations of 0-0.4% in the medium did not affect growth. Thin-layer chromatography analysis revealed that this strain could degrade agar into a monosaccharide and oligosaccharide, which may have industrial applications.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2004

Scopolia parviflora Nakai, a rare and endangered species, is the sole plant producing tropane alkaloids (TA) among the Korean native species. In order to enhance TA productivity the SP72 root line was selected by screening 100 of root line, and the optimal culture media for root growth and TA production were investigated with the SP72 roots. Based on the several media, SH and 2B5 medium were determined as growth medium and White and NN medium as production medium. Among the four combinations of two-stage culture, 2BN (2B5 as growth medium plus NN as production medium) showed more enhanced root growth and TA production as compared with production media of White and NN medium and growth media of SH and 2B5 medium, respectively. However, bubble column bioreactor (BCB) cultures applying two-stage culture did not reveal the effective results despite of the each successful operation of two-stage culture in conical flasks and BCB cultures.

• Mycobiology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.230-234
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• 2005

Oudemansiella radicata, one of edible mushrooms belonging to Tricholomataceae of Basidiomycota, has been known to exhibit outstanding therapeutic effects on the hypertension caused by high blood pressure and inhibitory effects on the sarcoma 180 and Erhrlich carcinoma of mice. As one of preliminary experiments for producing fruiting-body of O. radicata, this study was carried out to obtain the basic information for culture conditions of mycelial growth of the fungus. The optimal temperature and pH for the mycelial growth were $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 6, respectively. The medium for favorable mycelial growth of O. radicata was shown in the Lilly medium, whereas compact mycelial density was found in Hamada medium. The carbon and nitrogen sources promoting for mycelial growth of O. radicata were xylose and alanine, respectively. The optimum C/N ratio was about 20 : 1 in case that 3% glucose was supplimented to the basal medium as a carbon source.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.122-131
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• 1999

Indoor environments are usually less than optimal for the growth of ferns, especially in regards to the water condition. These studies were performed to investigate responses involved in causing growth of ferns and presume management plan against the water deficit under indoor conditions. The effect of air humidity and soil moisture on the ferns was examined in Adiantume raddianum and Selaginella kraussiana. Results of experiments are as follows; 1. Under a low humidity condition, having a 25-50% RH. ornamental value of ferns decreased much more than under a 90% RH. Under a low soil moisture, such as sand treatment, ornamental value of ferns also decreased. 2. Leaf chlorophyll content, water content and stomata situations increased as air humidity and soil moisture went up. 3. Even if air humidity and soil water were not enough for ferns growth, the extending of irrigation cycle was helpful. 4. Under extremely low air humidity conditions, some water management, namely, using water holding soil or extending of irrigation cycle was desirable. Other methods of increasing air humidity, including water instruments such as ornamental pools, waterfalls, or fountains, grouping plants together were also helpful. But spraying water on leaves increased injury to ferns growth because of excess evaporation from the leaves. Though these studies, we learn that ferns are susceptible to water condition such as air humidity, soil water and water management. If other environmental factos are maintained with optimal conditions, water condition plays an important role in ferns growth in indoor environments.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2016

In this study, Arthrobacter scleromae SYE-3, which was isolated from indigenous plant in a subtropical region, Neigeria, with plant growth promoting activity was evaluated to determine the optimal culture condition. A bacterial strain SYE-3 had the IAA productivity ($89.15{\pm}0.36mg/L$) and ACC deaminase activity ($0.20{\pm}0.06$ at 72 hours). Also, optimal culture conditions such as temperature and pH of strain SYE-3 were $20^{\circ}C$ and 10 in LB medium, respectively. Strain SYE-3 had up to 3% salt tolerance in the LB medium. Plant growth promoting ability of strain SYE-3 using yam (Dioscorea japonica Thunb.) was evaluated. As a result, strain SYE-3 had showed very powerful effect on the increase of the shoot length and root biomass of yam (190.0% and 282.41% increase for 112 days, respectively). These results indicated that Arthrobacter scleromae SYE-3 can serve as a promising microbial resource for the biofertilizers of subtropical crops.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2020

Eisenia bicyclis, a perennial macroalga is a primary producer of in the ocean, It has been identified as a key species that plays a vital role in maintaining the ecosystem stability. Also, it is an important target in marine afforestation projects and useful marine organisms. In addition, E. bicyclis is used as a health food for humans. This study investigated the effect of water temperature, light (photon irradiance), and duration of light (photoperiod) on the growth of gametophytes and young sporophytes of E. bicyclis. The germination and growth of the zoospores of E. bicyclis were examined at five temperatures (5℃, 10℃, 15℃, 20℃ and 25℃), four intensities of photon irradiance (10, 20, 40, and 80 μmol m-2s-1), and photoperiods (14:10 and 10:14 light/dark cycles). The zoospores released from mature plant germinated into the gametophytes under all experimental conditions. The gametophytes were able to grow at water temperature 5℃-25℃ and mature at 10℃-20℃. The optimal range of water temperature for the maturation of the gametophyte was 15℃-20℃. At 25℃, E. bicyclis gametophytes grew rapidly but did not mature. The optimal culture conditions for the growth of young sporophytes grew slowly in low temperature and photon irradiances.