• International Journal of Contents
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.16-25
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• 2020

The size of observation data in astronomy has been increasing exponentially with the advents of wide-field optical telescopes. This means the needs of changes to the way used for large-scale astronomy data analysis. The complexity of analysis tools and the lack of extensibility of computing environments, however, lead to the difficulty and inefficiency of dealing with the huge observation data. To address this problem, this paper proposes a workflow execution system for analyzing large-scale astronomy data efficiently. The proposed system is composed of two parts: 1) a workflow execution manager and its RESTful endpoints that can automate and control data analysis tasks based on workflow templates and 2) an elastic resource manager as an underlying mechanism that can dynamically add/remove virtualized computing resources (i.e., virtual machines) according to the analysis requests. To realize our workflow execution system, we implement it on a testbed using OpenStack IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) toolkit and HTCondor workload manager. We also exhaustively perform a broad range of experiments with different resource allocation patterns, system loads, etc. to show the effectiveness of the proposed system. The results show that the resource allocation mechanism works properly according to the number of queued and running tasks, resulting in improving resource utilization, and the workflow execution manager can handle more than 1,000 concurrent requests within a second with reasonable average response times. We finally describe a case study of data reduction system as an example application of our workflow execution system.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.343-353
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• 2022

An attempt to derive the surface temperature from the Korea Multi-purpose Satellite (KOMPSAT)-3A mid-wave infrared (MWIR) data acquired over the southern California on Nov. 14, 2015 has been made using the MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN) radiative transfer model. Since after the successful launch on March 25, 2015, the KOMPSAT-3A spacecraft and its two payload instruments - the high-resolution multispectral optical sensor and the scanner infrared imaging system (SIIS) - continue to operate properly. SIIS uses the MWIR spectral band of 3.3-5.2 ㎛ for data acquisition. As input data for the realistic simulation of the KOMPSAT-3A SIIS imaging conditions in the MODTRAN model, we used the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) atmospheric profiles, the KOMPSAT-3Asensor response function, the solar and line-of-sight geometry, and the University of Wisconsin emissivity database. The land cover type of the study area includes water,sand, and agricultural (vegetated) land located in the southern California. Results of surface temperature showed the reasonable geographical pattern over water, sand, and agricultural land. It is however worthwhile to note that the surface temperature pattern does not resemble the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance counterpart. This is because MWIR TOA radiances consist of both shortwave (0.2-5 ㎛) and longwave (5-50 ㎛) components and the surface temperature depends solely upon the surface emitted radiance of longwave components. We found in our case that the shortwave surface reflection primarily causes the difference of geographical pattern between surface temperature and TOA radiance. Validation of the surface temperature for this study is practically difficult to perform due to the lack of ground truth data. We therefore made simple comparisons with two datasets over Salton Sea: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) field data and Salton Sea data. The current estimate differs with these datasets by 2.2 K and 1.4 K, respectively, though it seems not possible to quantify factors causing such differences.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.39.1-39.12
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• 2021

Objectives: This study analyzed the physical-chemical behavior of 2 bulk fill resin composites (BFCs; Filtek Bulk Fill [FBF], and Tetric-N-Ceram Bulk Fill [TBF]) used in 2- and 4-mm increments and compared them with a conventional resin composite (Filtek Z250). Materials and Methods: Flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated by using a 3-point bending test. Knoop hardness was measured at depth areas 0-1, 1-2, 2-3, and 3-4 mm. The translucency parameter was measured using an optical spectrophotometer. Real-time polymerization kinetics was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results: Flexural strength was similar among the materials, while TBF showed lower elastic modulus (Z250: 6.6 ± 1.3, FBF: 6.4 ± 0.9, TBF: 4.3 ± 1.3). The hardness of Z250 was similar only between 0-1 mm and 1-2 mm. Both BFCs had similar hardness until 2-3 mm, and showed significant decreases at 3-4 mm (FBF: 33.45 ± 1.95 at 0-1 mm to 23.19 ± 4.32 at 3-4 mm, TBF: 23.17 ± 2.51 at 0-1 mm to 15.11 ± 1.94 at 3-4 mm). The BFCs showed higher translucency than Z250. The polymerization kinetics of all the materials were similar at 2-mm increments. At 4-mm, only TBF had a similar degree of conversion compared with 2 mm. Conclusions: The BFCs tested had similar performance compared to the conventional composite when used in up to 2-mm increments. When the increment was thicker, the BFCs were properly polymerized only up to 3 mm.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.247-260
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• 1999

It was found that surface roughness has a first-order effect on the interface shear strength and accordingly it should be accurately quantified if its role is to be properly understood. Most of the surface roughness parameters are based on the trisector approach (three dimensional parameter) which can provide a good measure of the surface roughness from a static perspective. However, if roughness is to be correlated with a directional sensitive parameter such as interface shear then a two dimensional parameter could be more meaningful if the roughness measurements are made parallel to the direction of shearing. In this paper, alternative roughness parameters which consider the direction of shearing are described. These directional parameters are compared with the existing roughness parameters, and the relationship between these directional and non-directional parameters are investigated. The surface roughness was quantified by using the Optical Profile Microscopy (OPM) method (Dove and Frost, 1996) based on the digital image analysis. The results showed that the various surface roughness parameters measured in this study exhibit similar trend of roughness values, so that, good relationships are obtained between these roughness parameters. As the surface roughness increases, the roughness values measured in trisector coupons are increasing higher than those measured in parallel coupons.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2013

This study attempts interpretation of vertical montage expressed in assoziation montage focused on animation, Paprika. Montage has been continuously studied by Pudovkin, Eisenstein, Jacques Aumont and others till now. However, existing studies focused on the visual image of montage. Image is made of visual element and aural element. These two interact with each other and maximize the effect. It is believed that the study subject can be approached in more depth, if aural elements would be analyzed based on the assoziation montage which analyzed visual image in previous studies. Accordingly, this study explores and analyzes how vertical montage has been used in logical montage and optical conflict montage and what meanings they generated. The analysis results suggested followings. In logical montage and optical conflict montage, vertical montage complemented visual image by natural concurrence as a whole. Vertical montage also showed linked relationship, which reflects overall emotion by melodious concurrence. In addition, when there was melodious concurrence at certain time, place or unclear space, the elements showed continuity which made them link with relationship. However, when the role that cuts that continuity, in other words, when the tonal element, which let audience partially immerse, would be properly used when the space and time would change or get reversed, the effect was maximized. It also expressed a turning point of an event and enhanced the concentration of audience on the characters.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1972

There are many kinds of microscopes suitable for general studies; optical microscopes(OM), conventional transmission electron microscopes (TEM), and scanning electron microscopes(SEM). The optical microscopes and the conventional transmission electron microscopes are very familiar. The images of these microscopes are directly formed on an image plane with one or more image forming lenses. On the other hand, the image of the scanning electron microscope is formed on a fluorescent screen of a cathode ray tube using a scanning system similar to television technique. In this paper, the features and some applications of the scanning electron microscope will be discussed briefly. The recently available scanning electron microscope, combining a resolution of about $200{\AA}$ with great depth of field, is favorable when compared to the replica technique. It avoids the problem of specimen damage and the introduction of artifacts. In addition, it permits the examination of many samples that can not be replicated, and provides a broader range of information. The scanning electron microscope has found application in diverse fields of study including biology, chemistry, materials science, semiconductor technology, and many others. In scanning electron microscopy, the secondary electron method. the backscattererd electron method, and the electromotive force method are most widely used, and the transmitted electron method will become more useful. Change-over of magnification can be easily done by controlling the scanning width of the electron probe. It is possible. to continuously vary the magnification over the range from 100 times to 1.00,000 times without readjustment of focusing. Conclusion: With the development of a scanning. electron microscope, it is now possible to observe almost all-information produced through interactions between substances and electrons in the form of image. When the probe is properly focused on the specimen, changing magnification of specimen orientation does not require any change in focus. This is quite different from the conventional transmission electron microscope. It is worthwhile to note that the typical probe currents of $10^{-10}$ to $10^{-12}\;{\AA}$ are for below the $10^{-5}$ to $10^{-7}\;{\AA}$ of a conventional. transmission microscope. This reduces specimen contamination and specimen damage due to heatings. Outstanding features of the scanning electron microscope include the 'stereoscopic observation of a bulky or fiber specimen in high resolution' and 'observation of potential distribution and electromotive force in semiconductor devices'.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.131-149
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• 1999

It was found that surface roughness has a first-order effect on the interface shear strength and accordingly it should be accurately quantified if its role is to be properly understood. To quantify the surface topography, first of all, a variety of commonly used surface roughness parameters and profiling methods were reviewed in this study. Based on this review, the normalized roughness parameter. $R_n$(Uesugi and Kishida, 1986), the profile roughness parameter, $R_L$, and the surface roughness parameter, $R_n$(Dove and Frost, 1996), were selected to be appropriate candidates of roughness parameters and the digital image analysis based Optical Profile Microscopy(OPM) method(Dove and Frost, 1996) to be an appropriate profiling method for this study. Using a smooth and three textured HDPE geomembranes which encompass the range of textures and texture patterns commonly used, a series of roughness measurements on virgin and previously used geomembranes were performed. The results showed that both $R_L\; and\; R_S$ values appropriately reflect the degree of texturing for the geomembranes used in this study, however, $R_n$ value showed limited ranges of variation which may not be sufficient to permit distinction between roughness values for certain conditions. The results of this study will be extended to the investigation of the influence of surface roughness on interface strength in future study.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2009

In a laser-plasma wakefield accelerator, the ponderomotive force of an ultrashort high intensity laser pulse excites a longitudinal wave or plasma bubble in a way similar to the excitation of a wake wave behind a boat as it propagates on the water surface. Electric fields inside the plasma bubble can be several orders of magnitude higher than those available in conventional RF-based particle accelerator facilities which are limited by material breakdown. Therefore, if an electron bunch is properly phase-locked with the bubble's acceleration field, it can gain relativistic energies within an extremely short distance. Here, in the bubble regime we show the generation of stable and reproducible sub GeV, and GeV-class electron beams. Supported by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, our experimental results show the highest acceleration gradients produced so far. Simulations suggested that the plasma bubble elongation should be minimized in order to achieve higher electron beam energies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.308-309
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• 2012

One of the critical issues in the growth of multijunction solar cell is the formation of a highly doped Esaki interband tunnel diode which interconnects unit cells of different energy band gap. Small electrical and optical losses are the requirements of such tunnel diodes [1]. To satisfy these requirements, tens of nanometer thick gallium arsenide (GaAs) can be a proper candidate due to its high carrier concentration in low energy band gap. To obtain highly doped GaAs in molecular beam epitaxy, the temperatures of Si Knudsen cell (K-cell) for n-type GaAs and Be K-cell for p-type GaAs were controlled during GaAs epitaxial growth, and the growth rate is set to 1.75 A/s. As a result, the doping concentration of p-type and n-type GaAs increased up to $4.7{\times}10^{19}cm^{-3}$ and $6.2{\times}10^{18}cm^{-3}$, respectively. However, the obtained n-type doping concentration is not sufficient to form a properly operating tunnel diode which requires a doping concentration close to $1.0{\times}10^{19}cm^{-3}$ [2]. To enhance the n-type doping concentration, n-doped GaAs samples were grown with a lower growth rate ranging from 0.318 to 1.123 A/s at a Si K-cell temperature of $1,180^{\circ}C$. As shown in Fig. 1, the n-type doping concentration was increased to $7.7{\times}10^{18}cm^{-3}$ when the growth rate was decreased to 0.318 A/s. The p-type doping concentration also increased to $4.1{\times}10^{19}cm^{-3}$ with the decrease of growth rate to 0.318 A/s. Additionally, bulk resistance was also decreased in both the grown samples. However, a transmission line measurement performed on the n-type GaAs sample grown at the rate of 0.318 A/s showed an increased specific contact resistance of $6.62{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^{-2}$. This high value of contact resistance is not suitable for forming contacts and interfaces. The increased resistance is attributed to the excessively incorporated dopant during low growth rate. Further studies need to be carried out to evaluate the effect of excess dopants on the operation of tunnel diode.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 1996

It is one of the most important factors to enhance the efficiency of the solar collectors by in-creasing collecting efficiency and decreasing heat loss. The pulse electrodeposition method has been involved in this study to improve characteristics of the solar selective coating on 230cm${\times}$60cm substrates and electrical efficiency of the process. The composition of the electrolyte was 280 g/$\ell$ chromic acid, 15 g/$\ell$ propionic acid, and 10 g/$\ell$ appropriate additive. 230cm${\times}$60cm copper and aluminium sheets were utilized as the substrates. It has been observed that the black chrome coatings exhibited reasonable optical properties for commercialization when the plating parameters were properly controlled; the absorptance was 0.98 and 0.97 and omittance was 0.17 and 0.23 for copper and aluminium substrate, respectively. This study implies that the pulse current electrolysis method could be applied to the large scale substrates, and the various products can be avilable after the consideration of the thermal conductivity, heat transfer efficiency and cost problems of the substrates.