• ETRI Journal
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.64-73
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• 2021

Two-dimensional torus network nodes are typically interconnected using XY routing algorithm for transmitting a packet from a source node to a destination node. In XY routing, if all the paths are used efficiently, the throughput and latency can be improved. In this paper, to utilize all the paths efficiently, we propose a novel binary optical routing algorithm (BORA) to improve the throughput and latency. The throughput is calculated according to the injection rate and number of packets received at the destination. The XY routing algorithm and proposed BORA are implemented using objective modular network testbed in C++ simulation software and the results are analyzed and compared. In this paper, the simulation results show that the network latency reduces to 50% while using the proposed algorithm; moreover, the throughput is also improved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.158-161
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• 2001

Light guide can be manufactured with a several method dot-screen method, injection method and DSF method. The advantage of DSF method is three-dimensional optical distribution.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.823-825
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• 2009

We present multilayer transparent electrodes (MTEs) that resulted in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with the 90 % higher forward luminous efficiency and 30% higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) than conventional ITO based devices respectively. Optimization method of such MTE structure is investigated in consideration of both injection and optical structure.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.5-17
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• 2011

Objectives : Gliosis becomes physical and mechanical barrier to axonal regeneration. Reactive gliosis induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion is involved with up-regulation of CD81 and GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein). The current study is to examine the effect of the Angelica gigas Nakai(intravenous injection. 100 mg/kg twice in a day) on CD81 and GFAP of the rat in the brain after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods : Cerebral infarction was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. And after intravenous injection of water extract of Angelica gigas Nakai, the size of cerebral infarction was measured. Examination of optical microscope were also used to detect the expression of CD81 and GFAP in the brain of the rat. Results : The following results were obtained : We found that size of cerebral infarcion induced by MCAO (Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion) in rats were decreased after intravenous injection of Angelica gigas Nakai. We injected the extract of Angelica gigas Nakai to the MCAO in rats, and the optical microscope study showed that Angelica gigas Nakai had effect on protecting the cells of hippocampus. We found that GFAP, CD81 and ERK of the brain in rats with cerebral infarction after MCAO were meaningfully decreased after intravenous injecting Angelica gigas Nakai. We found that c-Fos expression of the brain in rats with cerebral infarction after MCAO were significantly increased after intravenous injecting Angelica gigas Nakai. Conclusions : These results indicate that Angelica gigas Nakai could suppress the reactive gliosis, which disturbs the astrocyte regeneration in the brain of the rat with cerebral infarction after MCAO by controlling the expression of CD81 and GFAP. And the effect may be modulated by the up-regulation of c-Fos and ERK.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.867-871
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• 2012

In this paper, we proposed and demonstrated a low loss $1{\times}4$ type plastic optical fiber(POF) coupler incorporating a polymer tapering waveguide region. To avoid leakage loss at the interfaces between the POF and the polymer waveguide, we employed two POF transition regions, in which the cross section of the POF is adiabatically converted from a circular to a rectangular shape without change of its cross-section area. The device was fabricated based on a injection mold made of a silicon rubber. The fabricated POF coupler showed 1.33 dB of excess loss and 2.2 dB of flatness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.370-373
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• 2003

Superluminescent diodes(SLDs) are the optimum light sources for application in optical measurement systems such as fiber gyroscopes, optical time domain reflectometers, and to short and medium distance optical communication systems. The broadband characteristics of SLDs reduce Rayleigh backscattering noise, polarization noise, and the bias offset due to the nonlinear Kerr effect in fiber gyro systems. In this paper, in order to suppress lasing oscillation, we introduced a laterally tilted SCH(Separate Confinement Heterostructure)-SLD with a window region. An output power of 11mW has been achieved at 200mA injection current at 25$^{\circ}C$. At 120mA, parallel and perpendicular to the junction were 31$^{\circ}$${\times}$38$^{\circ}$.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2007

We demonstrate the capability of differential-phase optical coherence tomography (DP-OCT) to detect superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles taken up by liver parenchymeal macrophages (Kupffer cells). We apply an external time-varying high-intensity focused magnetic field. Our experiments demonstrate a novel diagnostic modality to detect macrophages that have taken up SPIO nanoparticles. Magnetic force acting on the nanoparticles was varied by applying a sinusoidal current to a solenoid containing a conical iron core that substantially increased and focused the magnetic field strength ($B_{max}$ = 2 Tesla). $ApoE^{-/-}$ mice were sacrificed 2 days post intravenous injections of different SPIO doses (1.0, and 0.1 mmol Fe/kg body weight). Livers of $ApoE^{-/-}$ mice with and without injection of SPIO nanoparticles were investigated using DP-OCT, which detects tissue movement with nanometer resolution. Frequency response of iron-laden liver movement was twice the stimulus frequency. Movement was not observed in livers of control mice. Results of our experiments indicate DP-OCT is a candidate methodology to detect tissue based macrophages containing SPIO nanoparticles excited by an external focused magnetic field.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.16 no.1 s.91
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• pp.42-47
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• 2007

LCD-BLU is one of kernel parts of LCD and it consists of several optical sheets: LGP, light source and mold frame. The LGP of LCD-BLU is usually manufactured by etching process and forming numerous dots with $50\sim300{\mu}m$ diameter on the surface. But the surface of the etched dots of LGP is very rough due to the characteristics of the etching process during the mold fabrication, so that its light loss is high along with the dispersion of light into the surface. Accordingly, there is a limit in raising the luminance of LCD-BLU. In order to overcome the limit of current etched dot patterned LGP, optical pattern with continuous microlens was designed using optical simulation CAE. Also, a mold with continuous micro-lens was fabricated by UV-LiGA reflow process and applied to 7 inch size of navigator LCD-BLU in the present study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.100-103
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• 2007

A microlens array has been required to improve light conversion efficiency in image sensors. A microlens array can be usually fabricated by photoresist reflow, hot-embossing, micro injection molding, and UV-imprinting. Among these processes, a UV-imprinting, which is operated at room temperature with relatively low applied pressure, can be a desirable process to integrate microlens array on image sensors, because this process provides the components with low thermal expansion, enhanced stability, and low birefringence, furthermore, it is more suitable for mass production of high quality microlens array. In this study, to analyze the optical properties of the wafer scale microlens array integrated image sensor, another wafer scale simulated image sensor chip array was designed and fabricated. An aspherical square microlens was designed and integrated on a simulated image sensor chip array using a UV-imprinting process. Finally, the optical performances were measured and analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.432-432
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• 2007

We studied optical simulation method for ultra slim backlight system. We designed 0.7mm thickness light guide plate and combined 48 white color LEDs for 12 inch wide size TFT-LCD. We designed flat shape PMMA light guide plate with both side patterned. It have vertical prism shape on upper side and ellipse dot pattern on the other side. We targeted 4500 nit brightness and uniform emission characteristic without hot spot or dark area. At first, we designed uniform emission area with more high brightness in center area and then, debugged light entering hot spot zone and direction of outgoing light flux. Although it was designing step, we obtained good result with reverse prism optical sheet and it had good repeatability because it was based on the stamper method in injection process without laser engraving or micro groove engraving method.