This study focuses on the differences in family values, which is a cause of family dissolution and conflicts of marriage immigrant women. This study was conducted on 441 women in Vietnam. It was done to explore their family values. Specifically, the following were examined: the overall family values and martial status of Vietnamese women; differences in their family values by region (northern, central, southern). The survey questionnaire consists of the following content: 'family perception'; 'gender-role values'; 'elderly parent support value'. The characteristics of family values of Vietnamese women are as follows. First, the scope of family perceived by them was relatively narrow. In particular, most of them didn't perceive the parents of a spouse as a familymember. Second, in terms of gender-roles, they perceived men and women as equal and didn't have strong perception of traditional gender roles. Third, they felt strongly about supporting elderly parents. The perception of supporting elderly parents is based on equal gender roles, instead of the paternalistic approach. They preferred financial support to living with parents. There were also differences in family values by region. Also, their values seemed to be the opposite of the ones well-known by region. In addition, their values were changing amid economic growth and modernization. Residents in Can Tho in the south - known to have open-minded Southeast Asian values - had the most patrilineal, traditional values with strong perception towards supporting elderly parents. Residents in Hanoi in the north - known to have heavy influence of Confucian culture - had non-traditional values with positive attitude towards liberal sex culture, divorce, and remarriage. Residents in Da Nang, a central region, had a mixture of northern and southern characteristics in terms of family values.
Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
/
v.24
no.1
/
pp.1-19
/
2020
The purpose of this study is to identify the perceptions of and willingness for marriage among people in their 20s and 30s. The data came from the Korean General Social Survey of the Survey Research Center at Sungkyunkwan University. The sample data set included 292 men and women aged 20 to 39. The major findings are as follows. First, gender, satisfaction with one's household economic conditions, and significantly affect the individuals' perceptions of marriage. The results show that the men's education level, value of family succession, value of gender roles, and value of parents' role are the significant factors that affect their perceptions of marriage. In the case of the women's perceptions of marriage, the significant factors are their household economic conditions, value of family succession, value of gender roles, and value of childbirth. Second, the willingness for marriage among unmarried people is decided by age, education level, whether one has an income or not, satisfaction with one's household economic conditions, and value of one's childbirth. Overall, gender is the most significant factor that affects the perceptions of marriage among all the other variables. However, men's and women's values of gender roles and family succession, respectively, both significantly affect their perceptions of marriage but show opposite coefficient directions. Another finding shows that unmarried people who are willing to marry tend not to have children. This implies that they do not perceive the decision on having a child as a necessary factor behind marriage decisions.
The purpose of this study is to provide basic information necessary for improving the satisfaction and quality of leisure life and thereon propose better leisure life programs in accordance with gender. For the purpose, this researcher made a questionnaire survey of 560 persons between July and December 2003 to know the trend and satisfaction of their leisure life in accordance with their gender. Results of the study can be summarized as below; First. the extent to which the surveyed persons participated in leisure life was highest in terms of other leisure activities, followed by self-development. viewing activities, sports activities and journey in order. The satisfaction of leisure life participation by those surveyed persons was scored 3 or over in average, meaning 'generally satisfied'. The time of leisure life participation was most spent in other leisure activities and self-development. Expenses of the participation were highest in terms of other leisure activities. followed by self-development and viewing activities in order. Second, differences in sub-areas of leisure life were analyzed in accordance with gender to show that the degree and time of participation in viewing activities and self-development, expenses of sports activity participation and the degree of participation in journey and others were significantly different between the opposite sexes which were surveyed here. Men were higher in the degree, time and expenses of the participation than women. Third. effects of gender on the satisfaction of leisure life as a whole were determined here to show that men were higher in such satisfaction when they were more satisfactorily participating in sport activities while in case of women, when they were spending more time in sport activities. Women showed a higher satisfaction of leisure life as a whole when they were more frequently and satisfactorily participating in other leisure activities. Based on these results, the researcher proposed effective leisure life programs in accordance with gender.
This study examined the effects of self-concealment and satisfication among the basic psychological needs on the commitment to opposite-sex romantic relationships in early adulthood. The study examined the mediating effects of basic psychological needs, autonomy, competence, and relatedness, in the relationship between self-concealment and the commitment to opposite-sex romantic relationships. For this purpose, a self-report survey was conducted on 197 adults aged 20 to 29 who are currently in opposite-sex romantic relationships, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS MACRO v3.5. The main results of this study are as follows. First, gender, age, and duration of dating period among the subject's demo-social variables significantly impacted the commitment to opposite-sex romantic relationships. Second, satisfying relatedness among the basic psychological needs had the largest influence on the commitment to opposite-sex romantic relationships, and self-concealment negatively affected the commitment to opposite-sex romantic relationships. Third, relatedness from the basic psychological needs had a significant mediating effect between self-concealment and the commitment to romantic relationships. It can be seen that it is crucial to lower self-concealment and to satisfy relatedness among the basic psychological needs in order to promote commitment to romantic relationships in early adulthood. This study is meaningful in that it tried to reveal the influence of individual psychological factors on the commitment to the romantic relationship, and it is significant that it proposed a basis for intervention to promote the commitment to opposite-sex romantic relationships in early adulthood.
Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
/
v.40
no.2
/
pp.1-12
/
2017
The competition to acquire customers with repurchase intention is getting more and more intense in the saturated smartphone market. That is why the aim of this study is to investigate the difference in purchasing determinants between various age groups and gender. Furthermore we aimed to analyze which of the purchasing determinants influence repurchase intention. In order to gather information we conducted a survey on 252 respondents. We selected 5 purchasing determinants (A/S, H/W, switching cost, network effect and design) by conducting factor analysis and validity analysis. Then we analyzed how respondents of different age groups and gender perceived different purchasing determinants and analyzed the influence purchasing determinants have on repurchase intention. As for analyzing the difference of purchasing determinants throughout various age groups, the H/W, A/S, network effect showed a notable difference. The older respondents tended to consider H/W, A/S, network effect more importantly than younger respondents. When it came to comparing the results depending on the gender, male respondents tended to consider H/W factor more importantly compared to female respondents and the opposite was true for other factors such as A/S, switching cost, design, and network effect but there weren't any significant differences. Finally, out of various determinant factors, network effect and design turned out to have a considerable influence on repurchase intention. That is why it would be highly appropriate to say that if a company intends to boost repurchase intention, enhancing network effect and developing an effective design would be crucial. This study differs from other existing researches in that we analyzed respondents from different age groups and gender separately. Also unlike other researches we directly analyzed the influence purchasing determinants have on repurchase intention not customer satisfaction. This study is expected to serve as basic information that can be used to establish strategies both in an academic and practical level, allowing companies to boost the repurchase intention of the smartphone market.
The purpose of this study is -under the post-modem situation- to emphasize the role of women which has various several logic on feminism, to look forward to division of men's consciousness of women, and to reflect a trend to accept the role of sex which is occurring in the system of sex, that is, 'The Third Gender and Homosexuality'. The category of biological and sociocultural on feminism discussed, meantime expressed the sexual logic under post-modern situation, and probed the sexual logic on feminism which was expressed in modem dress and its ornaments by redefining some characters as follows; Imitation-it was to attain masculinity by imitating the body of the opposite sex. Interaction such situations like...... masculinity in women, feminity in men was demonstrated as transvestism of cross-dressing and the symbolic meaning of homosexuality was demonstrated in the shoes of sociocultural on Feminism. Dispersion appeared as a moderation charm and a resistance against the men-ruling culture. Destruction-expressed the fetishism of punk of porny image and maternal affectional image of biological trend as playful satire. Therefore, It is conceived that Feminism would be created true human-phase come true in the men's world as long as the realization of women themselves make the phase of women higher; and further not only propose new image of women but the system of gender.
The objective of this paper is to analyze the disparities in perceptions regarding gender-related matters among students at K University, determined by their gender, and to propose solutions within the university education system. The results of the study are as follows. First, many men believe that there is no structural discrimination against women and that men are discriminated against, whereas women show the opposite. Second, men and women show statistically significant differences in perception of women's level of effort, reasons for low income, and work ability after employment. Third, men show unfavorable attitudes towards feminism compared to women. Fourth, the reasons men show hostile attitudes toward the female quota system and feminism include the influence of the traditional gender role model imposed on men and the difference in men's and women's views on structural inequality. To reduce the perception gap between men and women, it is necessary to reconsider hegemonic masculinity, apply issue-centered education using accurate information, publicize issues by preparing a mistake-friendly space, and respond to the perception gap at the university level from the perspective of citizenship education.
This study analyzed illustrations presented in middle school science 14 paper textbooks and 14 digital textbooks under the 2015 revised curriculum in terms of gender stereotypes. In both paper and digital textbooks, the most common type of illustration was multiple pupils. For pupils, the frequency of gender was balanced in both paper and digital textbooks. However, there were differences among publishers in digital textbooks. In both paper and digital textbooks, girls showed a higher frequency than boys in learning activities. However, the opposite tendency was observed in non-learning activities. In particular, non-learning activities of digital textbooks showed gender imbalance among all publishers. In both paper and digital textbooks, behavioral characteristics were mostly described to be active without gender differences. But, there were differences among publishers in digital textbooks. For adults, men showed a higher frequency than women in both paper and digital textbooks. Gender frequency was balanced in family activities, however, men showed a higher frequency in social activities. Unlike paper textbooks, digital textbooks were gender balanced in occupational activities. In both paper and digital textbooks, the number of occupations in which men appeared more frequently was higher than that in which women appeared more frequently. Especially, men showed a higher frequency than women in both scientist and researcher. Behavioral characteristics were mostly biased in terms of gender in both paper and digital textbooks.
The aim of this study was to verify the effect of gender and amount of criminal settlement on punitive judgment and responsibility judgment in a false rape allegation case. An online survey was conducted on 406 adult men and women and were randomly assigned to one of six experimental condition. The findings of this study are as follow. First, there was an interaction effect of the gender of the participant and the gender of the defendant in the punitive judgment and responsibility judgment except sentencing judgment. In other words, participants applied heavier punishment and sentencing judgments to the defendants of the opposite gender, while lighter punishment and sentencing judgments were applied to the defendants of the same gender. However, the amount of the criminal settlement did not have a significant effect on all dependent variables. In this study, we empirically examined how the gender of the participants, the gender of the defendant and the amount of the criminal settlement affect the judgment of the false allegation of rape case which has not yet been fully discussed in Korea. In addition, it is meaningful to see how the amount of criminal settlement, which has not been covered before, affects the perception of victims of sexual violence who demand criminal settlement. The implications and limitations of the study were also discussed.
Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
/
v.25
no.2
/
pp.41-52
/
2021
The purpose of this study is to examine how female labor force participation, family policies, and gender equality are related to fertility rate across countries. Multiple measures has been collected from various data sources(such as OECD, UNDP, and WVS) and the panel data set which includes (mostly) OECD countries range from 1990 to 2019 are analyzed. The major findings are as follows. First, based on OECD countries samples, female labor force participation is positively associated with the fertility rate, which implies that women's labor force participation does not lead to a reduction in fertility rate. Second, the length of paternity leave is positively associated with fertility rate whereas the direction is the opposite for the relationship between the length of maternity leave and fertility rate. This is attributed to the possibility that a longer period of maternity leave incurs the a higher opportunity cost of earning income, which leads to a reduced fertility rate. Third, countries with higher gender inequality index tend to have a higher fertility rate. Similarly, countries with higher gender equality value have a lower fertility rate. When the gender equality value is devideed into three sub-categories, education, politics, and employment, the gender equality value in education is the only sub-category which is negatively associated with the fertility rate. This study confirms that female labor force participation may not be a contributing factor in the lowering of fertility rate but instead can be positively associated with the fertility rate. Also, the results show that family policies or gender equality values can be significantly affect fertility rate.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.