• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-151
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• 1990

Changes in male roles and lifestyle in recent years have brought about an increased interest in appearance and apparel for men. The purpose of this study was to classify consumers into categories based on style of men's business suits and describe the resulting categories in terms of lifestyle, clothing behavior, appearance and demographic variables. Data were obtained from questionnaires completed by 513 consumers 20-69 years of age living in Seoul, and analyzed by factor analysis, multiple discriminant analysis, one-way ANOVA, CROSSTAB, and S-N-K test. Resulting categories of consumers were labeled as formal, semi-formal and casual. Descrip-tive profiles of the three categories were developed differently by 2 lifestyle factors (positive opinion leadership, social participation), 1 clothing factor (conformity), 2 appearance factors (conservative, energetic), and 2 demographic variables (age, marital status). The semi-formal type of man is significantly different from the two other types in his group activities that require social participation and opinion leadership. The formal type is significantly different from the two other types in his conformity in clothing and conservative appearance. The majority of formal and semi-formal types of men were 25-39 years of age and married, while the casual type was younger and unmarried.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.885-896
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to shed light on the driving motivations of contributing social word of mouth on social networking sites (sWOM) toward both tangible and intangible products. In order to develop a research model, this study adopts the motivation theory and TAM model. Data was collected from 904 members of the cosmetic and restaurant communities by using the snowball method. After assessing the validity of all constructs, the structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to test the proposed hypotheses. Results show that personal motivations (satisfaction, opinion leadership, self-enhancement, and economic incentives) and characteristics of sWOM (Perceived Usefulness and Ease of Use) have positive effect on exposure and engagement behaviors. Here are our specific findings, (1) customer satisfaction positively affects online interactions on SNSs such as Like or Sharing a content; (2) sWOM contribution behavior exists in two structures (Exposure and Engagement) and affects each other; (3) This study combines two groups of personal motivation and TAM to conceptualize a research model; and (4) The motivations of contributing sWOM between a specified service and product are rather similar. These findings help digital managers to understand consumers' behavioral contributions on SNSs and also provide interesting insights for marketers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.35-47
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• 2022

The study is to analyze the role of highschool youth group in a rural regeneration project. The process of youth group becoming subjective in resident participation plan was classified into isolation reduction, self-awareness, perspective-taking, subjectivity practice, and opinion expression. Isolation reduction is a stage in which youth group is gradually drawn into the community from a limited society of home and school, self-awareness is a stage in which they discover their thoughts, and view perspective-taking is a stage in which they objectify themselves and surroundings through communication with other members of the region, social experiment was analyzed as a practice of subjectivity that experiences leadership guiding the local community independently, and expressing opinions is a stage of representing the region and giving responsibility for the specific issue of the implementation plan. The study is also an analysis of how residents committee, local governments, and local research institutes perform both regeneration and community revitalization in rural areas. Therefore, the analysis of the cooperative organization of these institutions was conducted simultaneously. The leadership program was effectively linked to the project of rural regeneration. Since high school students themselves are family members of the local people, the process of accepting the project is unaffected, and the feasibility of the project is also increased, such as forming a positive atmosphere for the project and easing resistance to minority opinions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1319-1330
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• 2010

This study examines the underwear purchase behaviors of female consumers based on fashion leadership. Data research was conducted on 348 females in their 20s and 30s located in the city of Seoul & the surrounding Gyeonggi provincial area. The SPSS 17.0 software program was used to conduct data analyses such as descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Scheffe's test as a post-hoc analysis. The results of this study are as follow. 1. Fashion leadership was identified with four factors; fashion opinion leadership, fashion innovation, confidence of fashion, and potential fashion leadership. Customers were segmented into the following three subdivisions: fashion leaders, fashion followers, and fashion laggards. 2. The factors derived from the factor analysis of underwear purchase motive included pursuit of fashion, economic, and fashion coordination. Fashion leaders highly regarded the pursuit of fashion & fashion coordination, but fashion laggards regarded economics highly. 3. The factors derived from the factor analysis of selection criteria included design attributes, brand attributes, functionality of clothes, and practicality. Fashion leaders regarded the attributes of design and brands highly; fashion followers regarded design attributes highly. 4. The factors derived from the factor analysis of underwear attitude included fashion/shopping orientation, fashion coordination orientation, and wear sensation/modesty orientation. Fashion leaders regarded fashion, shopping, design, and fashion coordination orientation highly relative to fashion followers and fashion laggards. 5. Fashion leadership showed significant differences in purchase motives, selection criteria, and underwear attitude.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.84-100
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to classify men's fashion leadership into groups and analyzed the differences for the actual conditions of cosmetics purchasing and evaluation criteria. Questionnaires are being administered from 163 men in their 20's and 30's living in Deagu Metropolitan City and Kyungbook. Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan-test, and $X^2$-test are all used for data analysis. Our findings are as follows. Men's fashion leadership is being categorized into fashion opinion leadership, innovative communicator and fashion innovator. Cosmetics evaluation criteria are service/aesthetic, ostentatious, function, and economy. Men's fashion leadership is classified into three groups: fashion laggards, fashion leaders, and fashion followers. Males show no significant differences in the function of cosmetics evaluation criteria by the groups but they show significances in service/aesthetic, ostentatious, and economy. Groups display distinctions between the sub-variables in the actual condition of cosmetics purchasing such the place of purchase, companionship when buying cosmetics, and average monthly purchase amount. Although the cosmetic markets for men show high average growth rates per year, cosmetic interests at the age of twenties and thirties are generally low, and cosmetics are not actively used. The customers' experience of using merchandise not only provide the opportunities of trying beforehand, but also lead to the role of information transfer, thus, it can be positively applied to active marketing. In addition, it can be expected that the low-priced cosmetic markets are guaranteed to obtain loyal customers through repurchasing and maintain long-term relationships by providing fashion followers with several promotional events.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.88-107
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• 2017

Background: Adolescent mothers may find the transition to motherhood to be Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the viewpoints of nurse managers and directors of nursing services in community hospitals regarding the essential competencies of head nurses. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used to investigate the perspective of nurse managers and directors of nursing services about essential competencies of nurse managers in community hospitals. A total of ten participants (four directors of nursing services and six nurse managers) were interviewed. Findings: Nurse managers and directors of nursing services identified leadership, management, communication, professional ethics, and policy and healthcare environment as the essential competencies for their positions in community hospitals. Conclusions: These findings can be used by executives of community hospitals and nursing institutes to plan for competency development for nurse managers. They should be included in nursing administration programs.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-50
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• 2022

This study examined the perceived contingent factors that affect South Korean citizens' image of the city they reside in. The respondents in this study perceived the image of their city through two dimensions--leading and safe--during the COVID-19 era. When respondents perceived the openness and expertise of the local government, the transformational and transactional leadership of the government leader, liberal political orientation of the leader, lower degree of law compliance of the mayor, high degree of citizenship, and high level of living infrastructure and competitiveness as attributes of the city, they were more likely to perceive the city as having a "leading" image. The perceived cultural characteristics of the local government, specifically the factor of hierarchy and regulation, the perceptions of citizenship, and all three variables regarding the perceptions related to city attributes (i.e., environmental, cultural, and living infrastructures and competitiveness) positively influenced the perception of a "safe" city image. Based on the results, various theoretical and practical implications were discussed in this study.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.777-792
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• 2018

As social media has become a part of daily life, new types of online opinion leaders are emerging, and in turn, changes in traditional fashion leaders and leadership are expected. Considering such changes, this study attempted to reexamine fashion leader types and influence characteristics from the perspective of college students as fashion followers. Students were asked to write an essay identifying their fashion leader and how and why they were influenced by him or her. Sixty essays entitled "My Fashion Leader" were collected and content-analyzed. A total of 78 fashion leaders were identified and categorized into four types including celebrities, social media influencers, friends/family/acquaintances, and people seen on the street in order of frequency. Influence characteristics of the identified fashion leaders included superiority, role model, similarity, and familiarity. Similarity was observed across all types of fashion leaders, while superiority and familiarity were identified for celebrities and friends/family/acquaintances, respectively. The results imply that celebrities, mostly those from the TV, movie, and music industries, are still important as fashion leaders in society regardless of their communication style, while friends/family/acquaintances as opinion leaders within a consumer group are important to provide information, advice, and help. However, social media influencers between the two groups are expanding the influence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.216-230
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• 2014

The importance of the Chinese fashion market is increasing; therefore, this study investigates the possibility of implementing a Word-of-Mouth (WOM) marketing strategy among Chinese students in Korea. This study examines the effects of consumer characteristics (similarity, opinion leadership, and fashion innovativeness), awareness of Korean fashion brands, satisfaction with Korean fashion products on WOM experiences and WOM behavior (off-line as well as on-line). A total of 161 responses from Chinese students in Korea were gathered and analyzed using SPSS 20.0 for descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and regression analysis. The results show that consumer characteristics (except similarity) significantly influence WOM experiences, opinion leadership influence off-line WOM behavior, and fashion innovativeness influence online WOM behavior. However, similarity has no influence on WOM experiences and WOM behavior. Second, Korean brand awareness affect both WOM experiences and behavior; however, satisfaction with Korean fashion products only affected WOM experiences. This study showed the feasibility of conducting a WOM marketing strategy using the WOM effects of Chinese students in Korea. The study may help the Korean apparel industries establish an entry strategy for the Chinese market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2012

This study locates factors that affect the intention to use fashion SNS (social network service) and intention for word-of-mouth on fashion SNS. Independent variables were fashion shopping orientation, attitude toward innovative products, fashion leadership, and demographics. A questionnaire method was used to collect data on college students while factor analyses, multiple regression, $x^2$ analyses, and Pearson correlation coefficients were applied in analyzing data. Factor analyses resulted in four factors for fashion shopping orientation, three on attitude toward innovative products and two on fashion leadership. Multiple regression analyses showed that information compatibility of attitude toward innovative products had a significant impact on two models of intention to use fashion SNS and two models of intention for word-of-mouth on fashion SNS. Opinion leadership and gender were significant factors for two models of intention to use fashion SNS, which means that women are likely to have more intention to use fashion SNS. Meanwhile, fashion innovativeness was found to be a significant factor on two models of intention for word-of-mouth on fashion SNS. Shopping orientation factors were not important for any model. $x^2$ analyses showed that women rather than men wanted more information on online fashion shows, general fashion information, and user participation programs. Fashion major students wanted more information on online fashion shows and user participation programs than non-fashion major students.