Factors Affecting City Image During the COVID-19 Era |
Hwang, Sungwook
(Pusan National University)
Bae, Jiyang (Chonnam National University) Kim, Sojung (Kyungpook National University) Kim, Hyo Jung (Pusan National University) |
1 | Prayag, G. (2010). Brand image assessment: International visitors' perception of Cape Town. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 28(4), 462-485. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634501011053577 DOI |
2 | Rainisto, S. K. (2003). Success factors of place marketing: A study of place marketing practices in Northern Europe and the United States. Helsinki University of Technology. |
3 | Yoo, C., Hwang, T., & Lee, S. (2008). Exploratory study on the effects of city characteristics on city brand personality and city evaluation. Asia Marketing Journal, 10(3), 31-57. https://www.dbpia.co.kr/pdf/pdfView.do?nodeId=NODE10565363 |
4 | De Noni, I., Orsi, L., & Zanderighi, L. (2014). Attributes of Milan influencing city brand attractiveness. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3(4), 218-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2014.06.001 DOI |
5 | Hwang, S., & Cameron, G. (2008a). Public's expectation about an organization's stance in crisis communication based on perceived leadership and perceived severity of threats. Public Relations Review, 34(1), 70-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2007.11.008 DOI |
6 | Hwang, S., & Cameron, G. T. (2008b). The elephant in the room is awake and takes things personally: The North Korean nuclear threat and the general public's estimation of American diplomacy. Public Relations Review, 34(1), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2007.11.001 DOI |
7 | Hwang, S., Ham, C, & Kim, H. (2020). What factors influence corporate CEO images? From the perspective of contingency theory of accommodation. Journal of Social Science, 46(3), 155-188. https://doi.org/10.15820/khjss.2020.46.3.006 DOI |
8 | Hwang, S., Kang, J., Lee, J., & Cho, Y. (2020). What contingent factors are influential in the perception of corporate inclusive campaigns and attitude toward corporations? Journal of Practical Research in Advertising and Public Relations, 13(1), 159-192. https://doi.org/10.21331/jprapr.2020.13.1.006 DOI |
9 | Hwang, S., & Kim, H. (2020). What contingency factors affect the image of Korean politicians? Korea Observer, 51(3), 333-363. https://doi.org/10.29152/KOIKS.2020.51.3.333 DOI |
10 | Kim, H., & Kim, J. (2011). Effect of the brand image of a city on the theme of the city. Journal of Tourism Sciences, 35(7), 231-250. |
11 | Kim, H., Lee, J., & Lee, J. (2011). Impacts of aesthetic factors on brand image of a city. Journal of Tourism Sciences, 35(6), 35-58. |
12 | Oh, J. (2012). The study on the dimension of city brand image and consumers' behavior. The Korean Journal of Advertising and Public Relations, 14(1), 182-217. https://www.dbpia.co.kr/pdf/pdfView.do?nodeId=NODE02499777 |
13 | Hwang, S. (2017). What factors are influential in perceiving the government's stance toward foreign immigrants-Based on the contingency theory of accommodation in public relations. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 61(5), 457-487. https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2017.61.5.015 DOI |
14 | Chung, K., & Kim, H. (2009). City tourism factors and city image of Seoul affects the satisfaction of foreign tourists. Korean Journal of Hospitality & Tourism, 18(2), 201-219. https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE02484235 |
15 | Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. B. (1991). The meaning and measurement of destination image. Journal of Tourism Studies, 2(2), 2-12. |
16 | Lee, J., & Kim, H. (2013). Analyzing the satisfaction of Seoul based on the evaluation of the city image. Journal of Korea Planning Association, 48(6), 27-42. |
17 | Gilboa, S., Jaffe, E. D., Vianelli, D., Pastore, A., & Herstein, R. (2015). A summated rating scale for measuring city image. Cities, 44, 50-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.01.002 DOI |
18 | Hwang, S. (2016). How can we effectively manage the reputation of entertainment celebrities? Based on the contingency theory of accommodation in public relations. Journal of Public Relations, 20(1), 105-137. https://doi.org/10.15814/jpr.2016.20.1.105 DOI |
19 | Kim, J., & Kim, H. (2010). The impact of culture resources on city brand personality, relationships quality, and loyalty in tourism city. Korean Journal of the Science of Emotion & Sensibility, 13(4), 741-752. http://lps3.kiss.kstudy.com.libproxy.knu.ac.kr/thesis/thesis-view.asp?key=2916441 |
20 | http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE02326496 |
21 | Merrilees, B., Miller, D., & Herington, C. (2009). Antecedents of residents' city brand attitudes. Journal of Business Research, 62(3), 362-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.05.011 DOI |
22 | Merrilees, B., Miller, D., & Herington, C. (2013). City branding: A facilitating framework for stressed satellite cities. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.07.021 DOI |
23 | Park, G., & Park, S. (2018). A study on perceived city brand image and consumer behavior. Journal of Digital Convergence, 16(7), 145-151. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2018.16.7.145 DOI |
24 | Hwang, S., & Kim, J. (2018). CSR evaluations based on contingent factors: CSR motives, attitudes toward CSR, and purchase intention. The Korean Journal of Advertising and Public Relations, 20(4), 543-574. https://doi.org/10.16914/kjapr.2018.20.4.543 DOI |
25 | Hwang, S., & Kim, H. (2017). The influence of perceived contingency factors on public attitudes towards a policy communication for multiculturalism and multicultural acceptance in South Korea. Korea Observer, 48(4), 791-823. https://doi.org/10.29152/KOIKS.2017.48.4.791 DOI |
26 | Avraham, E. (2000). Cities and their news media images. Cities, 17(5), 363-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-2751(00)00032-9 DOI |
27 | Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill's handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications (3rd ed.). The Free Press. |
28 | Cancel, A. E., Cameron, G. T., Sallot, L. M., & Mitrook, M. A. (1997). It depends: A contingency theory of accommodation in public relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 9(1), 31-63. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr0901_02 DOI |
29 | Cancel, A. E., Mitrook, M. A., & Cameron, G. T. (1999). Testing the contingency theory of accommodation in public relations. Public Relations Review, 23(2), 171-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(99)80161-1 DOI |
30 | Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in organizations (5th ed.). Prentice Hall. |
31 | Parkerson, B., & Saunders, J. (2005). City branding: Can goods and services branding models be used to brand cities? Place Branding, 1(3), 242-264. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pb.5990026 DOI |