Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.15206/ajpor.2022.10.1.23

Factors Affecting City Image During the COVID-19 Era  

Hwang, Sungwook (Pusan National University)
Bae, Jiyang (Chonnam National University)
Kim, Sojung (Kyungpook National University)
Kim, Hyo Jung (Pusan National University)
Publication Information
Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research / v.10, no.1, 2022 , pp. 23-50 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study examined the perceived contingent factors that affect South Korean citizens' image of the city they reside in. The respondents in this study perceived the image of their city through two dimensions--leading and safe--during the COVID-19 era. When respondents perceived the openness and expertise of the local government, the transformational and transactional leadership of the government leader, liberal political orientation of the leader, lower degree of law compliance of the mayor, high degree of citizenship, and high level of living infrastructure and competitiveness as attributes of the city, they were more likely to perceive the city as having a "leading" image. The perceived cultural characteristics of the local government, specifically the factor of hierarchy and regulation, the perceptions of citizenship, and all three variables regarding the perceptions related to city attributes (i.e., environmental, cultural, and living infrastructures and competitiveness) positively influenced the perception of a "safe" city image. Based on the results, various theoretical and practical implications were discussed in this study.
Keywords
contingency theory of accommodation; city image; city attributes; South Korea; COVID-19;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Prayag, G. (2010). Brand image assessment: International visitors' perception of Cape Town. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 28(4), 462-485. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634501011053577   DOI
2 Rainisto, S. K. (2003). Success factors of place marketing: A study of place marketing practices in Northern Europe and the United States. Helsinki University of Technology.
3 Yoo, C., Hwang, T., & Lee, S. (2008). Exploratory study on the effects of city characteristics on city brand personality and city evaluation. Asia Marketing Journal, 10(3), 31-57. https://www.dbpia.co.kr/pdf/pdfView.do?nodeId=NODE10565363
4 De Noni, I., Orsi, L., & Zanderighi, L. (2014). Attributes of Milan influencing city brand attractiveness. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3(4), 218-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2014.06.001   DOI
5 Hwang, S., & Cameron, G. (2008a). Public's expectation about an organization's stance in crisis communication based on perceived leadership and perceived severity of threats. Public Relations Review, 34(1), 70-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2007.11.008   DOI
6 Hwang, S., & Cameron, G. T. (2008b). The elephant in the room is awake and takes things personally: The North Korean nuclear threat and the general public's estimation of American diplomacy. Public Relations Review, 34(1), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2007.11.001   DOI
7 Hwang, S., Ham, C, & Kim, H. (2020). What factors influence corporate CEO images? From the perspective of contingency theory of accommodation. Journal of Social Science, 46(3), 155-188. https://doi.org/10.15820/khjss.2020.46.3.006   DOI
8 Hwang, S., Kang, J., Lee, J., & Cho, Y. (2020). What contingent factors are influential in the perception of corporate inclusive campaigns and attitude toward corporations? Journal of Practical Research in Advertising and Public Relations, 13(1), 159-192. https://doi.org/10.21331/jprapr.2020.13.1.006   DOI
9 Hwang, S., & Kim, H. (2020). What contingency factors affect the image of Korean politicians? Korea Observer, 51(3), 333-363. https://doi.org/10.29152/KOIKS.2020.51.3.333   DOI
10 Kim, H., & Kim, J. (2011). Effect of the brand image of a city on the theme of the city. Journal of Tourism Sciences, 35(7), 231-250.
11 Kim, H., Lee, J., & Lee, J. (2011). Impacts of aesthetic factors on brand image of a city. Journal of Tourism Sciences, 35(6), 35-58.
12 Oh, J. (2012). The study on the dimension of city brand image and consumers' behavior. The Korean Journal of Advertising and Public Relations, 14(1), 182-217. https://www.dbpia.co.kr/pdf/pdfView.do?nodeId=NODE02499777
13 Hwang, S. (2017). What factors are influential in perceiving the government's stance toward foreign immigrants-Based on the contingency theory of accommodation in public relations. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 61(5), 457-487. https://doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2017.61.5.015   DOI
14 Chung, K., & Kim, H. (2009). City tourism factors and city image of Seoul affects the satisfaction of foreign tourists. Korean Journal of Hospitality & Tourism, 18(2), 201-219. https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE02484235
15 Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. B. (1991). The meaning and measurement of destination image. Journal of Tourism Studies, 2(2), 2-12.
16 Lee, J., & Kim, H. (2013). Analyzing the satisfaction of Seoul based on the evaluation of the city image. Journal of Korea Planning Association, 48(6), 27-42.
17 Gilboa, S., Jaffe, E. D., Vianelli, D., Pastore, A., & Herstein, R. (2015). A summated rating scale for measuring city image. Cities, 44, 50-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.01.002   DOI
18 Hwang, S. (2016). How can we effectively manage the reputation of entertainment celebrities? Based on the contingency theory of accommodation in public relations. Journal of Public Relations, 20(1), 105-137. https://doi.org/10.15814/jpr.2016.20.1.105   DOI
19 Kim, J., & Kim, H. (2010). The impact of culture resources on city brand personality, relationships quality, and loyalty in tourism city. Korean Journal of the Science of Emotion & Sensibility, 13(4), 741-752. http://lps3.kiss.kstudy.com.libproxy.knu.ac.kr/thesis/thesis-view.asp?key=2916441
20 http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE02326496
21 Merrilees, B., Miller, D., & Herington, C. (2009). Antecedents of residents' city brand attitudes. Journal of Business Research, 62(3), 362-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.05.011   DOI
22 Merrilees, B., Miller, D., & Herington, C. (2013). City branding: A facilitating framework for stressed satellite cities. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.07.021   DOI
23 Park, G., & Park, S. (2018). A study on perceived city brand image and consumer behavior. Journal of Digital Convergence, 16(7), 145-151. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2018.16.7.145   DOI
24 Hwang, S., & Kim, J. (2018). CSR evaluations based on contingent factors: CSR motives, attitudes toward CSR, and purchase intention. The Korean Journal of Advertising and Public Relations, 20(4), 543-574. https://doi.org/10.16914/kjapr.2018.20.4.543   DOI
25 Hwang, S., & Kim, H. (2017). The influence of perceived contingency factors on public attitudes towards a policy communication for multiculturalism and multicultural acceptance in South Korea. Korea Observer, 48(4), 791-823. https://doi.org/10.29152/KOIKS.2017.48.4.791   DOI
26 Avraham, E. (2000). Cities and their news media images. Cities, 17(5), 363-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-2751(00)00032-9   DOI
27 Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill's handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications (3rd ed.). The Free Press.
28 Cancel, A. E., Cameron, G. T., Sallot, L. M., & Mitrook, M. A. (1997). It depends: A contingency theory of accommodation in public relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 9(1), 31-63. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr0901_02   DOI
29 Cancel, A. E., Mitrook, M. A., & Cameron, G. T. (1999). Testing the contingency theory of accommodation in public relations. Public Relations Review, 23(2), 171-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(99)80161-1   DOI
30 Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in organizations (5th ed.). Prentice Hall.
31 Parkerson, B., & Saunders, J. (2005). City branding: Can goods and services branding models be used to brand cities? Place Branding, 1(3), 242-264. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pb.5990026   DOI