• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제20권11호
• /
• pp.3525-3537
• /
• 1996

This paper presents a CAD program develpoed on a microcomputer in order to support graphic and computational assessment of ergonomic problems associated with the design of a man-in-cab system. The program is coded to help workspace designers with ergonomic evaluations needed in the design stage. This paper proposed a biomechanical -ergonomic evaluations needed using man and workplace models. The human model is developed to have dimensions obtained from the Korean anthropometric data reported in 1992. Its graphical representation is based on a wire-frame model but, whenever necessary, body segments can be represented by a solid model with hidden line/faces removed and shaded. Workplace models are presented for cabs of the excavator, one of the most popular construction vehicles. A workplace model consists of an operator seat, a steering wheel. two control levers, two pedals, and a control panel. The workplace elements can be modified in their sizes, positions, and orientations by changing the reference point and design parameters. An algorithm for the view test is suggested and loaded to provide a visual evaluaiton of the overall layout of a workplace model.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.371-380
• /
• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of design parameters of vibrotactile signals on semantic association with transmitted information conveying different meanings. Background: As information communication relying on human visual channel becomes excessive, the utility of vibrotactile signals is being interested as a substitute measure of delivering information. Properly designed hapticons may relieve burden of visual communication by rendering distinct and meaningfully compatible haptic sensations. Method: A typical Kansei engineering approach was adopted in this study. Ten most distinctive hapticons were selected among those having different frequencies and amplitudes. Associations between the hapticons and twenty four pairs of adjectives used to describe the state of automobile in control were gathered from thirty subjects using semantic differential scales. Results: The selected pairs of adjectives were summarized by factor analysis into two semantic dimensions named 'Awareness' and 'Directionality'. The experimental hapticons matched with the semantic dimensions were presented as a haptic emotion map. Conclusion: The results from this study support that frequencies and amplitudes of haptic signals play important roles in arousing different human perceptions regarding the two haptic emotional dimensions. Application: Properly designed hapticons with respect to the contents of transmitted information will increase human operator's situation awareness as well as system performance. The result from this study can be used to develop standardized hapticons for active haptic communication.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 2001

We studied the use of time-related information, with and without prediction, to support human operators performing moni-toring and control tasks in the process. Based on monitoring and control techniques used for Project Management we developed a display design for the process industries. A simulated power plant was used to test the hypothesis that availability of predictions along with information on past trends can improve the performances of the human operator handling faults. Several designs of dis-plays were tested in the experiment in which human operators had to detect and handle two types of faults(local and systems wide) in the simulated electricity generation process. Analysis of the results revealed that temporal data, with and without prediction, signifi-cantly reduced response time. Our results encourage the integration of temporal information and prediction in displays used for the control processes to enhance the capabilities of the human operators. Based on the analysis we proposed some guidelines for the de-signer of the human interface of a process control system.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보통신설비학회 2008년도 정보통신설비 학술대회
• /
• pp.237-241
• /
• 2008

Femtocells are cellular access points that connect to a mobile operator's network using residential DSL or cable broadband connections. They have been developed to work with a range of different cellular standards including CDMA, GSM and UMTS. Like legacy base station, the frequency accuracy and phase alignment is necessary for ensuring the quality of service (QoS) for applications such as voice, real-time video, wireless hand-off, and data over a converged access medium at the femtocell. But, the GPS has some problem to be used at the femtocell, because it is difficult to set-up, depends on the satellite condition, and very expensive. So, some techniques are discussed to alternate with the legacy GPS system. NTP, PTP, Synchronous Ethernet use the ethernet to synchronize distributed clocks in packet networks. AGPS support reliable position information than the legacy GPS in poor signal conditions. But, These method also have some problems. So, hybrid timing method like A-GPS+PTP and TV+GPS was developed to make up the weak point of GPS. This paper introduces the each method and compare each other and y propose much better solution for timing synchronization at the Femtocell

• 항공우주산업기술동향
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.105-115
• /
• 2008

위성의 임무운영팀 조직은 운영되는 위성의 개수,탑재체 운영지원의 여부,임무운영센터 내에서의 안테나 운영 여부, 지상시스템 자동화 정도 및 임무운영에 대한 기술지원 기능 여부에 따라서 다양한 구성이 존재할 수 있다. 위성운영 업무를 담당하는 운영조직의 구성이나 기능은 임무운영의 복잡도에 따라 약간씩 차이가 있으나 대부분의 위성운영센터는 단일 또는 복합 임무운영 지원을 위해 유사한 조직 구성을 갖는다. 항우연 임무운영센터는 아리랑위성1호 발사(1999년 12월 21일)이후 임무운영팀의 업무를 시작한 이래, 아리랑 위성 2호, 아리랑위성 3호와 5호 및 통신해양기상위성에 대한 다중임무운영의 개념으로 진화하고 있다. 본 동향에서는 본격적인 다중임무운영에 앞서 체계적인 임무운영센터의 조직을 구성하고자 해외 선진 임무운영 개념에 대한 권고사항과 실제 적용되고 있는 사례를 살펴본 후, 항우연 임무운영센터의 현재 현황과 비교분석함으로써 조직 운영의 적합성과 향후 발전방향에 대해서 살펴보고자 한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.551-559
• /
• 2003

이 논문은 웹 정보를 추출하기 위한 래퍼 프로그램을 생성해내기 위한 XWS(XWEET Web-wrapper System)의 데이타 모델과 소프트웨어 개발방법에 대해 설명하고 있다. 다양한 정보 출처에 존재하는 정보에 접근하기 위해서는 원본 데이타를 공통된 데이타 모델로 변환하고 통합해야 된다. XWS 시스템은 XWEET 프로젝트의 부분으로 개발되었다. 우리는 효율적이고 사용하기 쉬운 Perl 프로그램 언어를 사용해서 XWS 시스템을 구현하였다. XWS은 다른 시스템과 구별되는 몇 가지 특징을 가지고 있다. 첫째, HTML 페이지로부터 정보를 추출하기 위해 사용되는 데이타모델과 연산자들은 HTML 문서의 다양한 뷰를 지원할 수 있는 통합된 모델을 사용한다. 둘째, XWS는 사용자가 래퍼 프로그램을 손쉽게 생성해 내기 위한 그래픽 인터페이스 프로그램을 제공한다. 셋째, 객체지향적으로 설계된 고수준의 스크립트 언어를 사용하였다. 또한 논문에서 DBLP 사이트로부터 검색된 논문 정보를 추출하기 위한 자세한 예제를 통해 XWS의 사용법을 보이고 있다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.62-73
• /
• 2008

본 논문에서는 능동방식의 870 nm 적외선 및 5.8 GHz 주파수 통합방식으로 운영되는 고속도로 자동 요금징수 시스템의 능동주파수방식에 대한 국내 표준 개선방안을 제시한 것으로 2007년말 전국에서 운영되고 있다. 본 표준 개선방안은 5.8 GHz 대역의 ITS전용 단거리 무선통신 표준 중 개방형 시스템간 상호접속 참조모델을 기준하여 OSI 1, 2, 7 계층 중 차량단말기와 노변장치간 다중접속을 위한 상호호환성을 제공하는 물리계층을 중심으로 실제 운영중인 시스템 개선방안을 도출하였다. 즉, 기존 표준에서 복사전력의 경우 전송거리에 따라 Class1 (10 m이내)과 Class2 (100 m 이내)로 구분하였으나 Class1 단일규격으로 2004년 정보통신부고시에 의거하여 운영되고 있고, 통신영역내의 입사전력 한계치의 경우 실제 운영중인 자동 요금징수시스템의 운영방안을 고려하여 측정 결과치를 표준에 반영하도록 하였다. 즉, 자동 요금징수 시스템 운영상 필요한 부분에 대해 사업자 시스템간의 호환성 및 안정성을 확보하기 위해서 복사전력, 통신영역에서의 입사전력, 의사응답의 표준개선을 제안하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.166-171
• /
• 2014

Nuclear power plants are equipped with the reactor trip system (RTS) and the engineered safety features actuation system (ESFAS) to improve safety on the normal operation. In the event of the design basis accident (DBA), a various of post accident monitor(PAM)systems support to provide important details (e.g. Containment pressure, temperature and pressure of reactor cooling system and core exit temperature) to determine action of main control room (MCR). Operator should be immediately activated for the accident mitigation with the information. Especially, core exit temperature is a critical parameter because the operating mode converts from normal mode to emergency mode when the temperature of core exit reaches $649^{\circ}C$. In this study, uncertainty which was caused by exterior environment, characteristic of thermocouple/connector and accuracy of calibrator/indicator was evaluated in accordance with ANSI-ISA 67.04. The square root of the sum of square (SRSS) methodology for combining uncertainty terms that are random and independent was used in the synthesis. Every uncertainty that may exist in the hardware which is used to measure the core exit temperature was conservatively applied and the associative relation between the elements of uncertainty was considered simultaneously. As a result of uncertainty evaluation, the channel statistical allowance (CSA) of single channel of core exit temperature was +1.042%Span. The range of uncertainty, -0.35%Span ($-4.05^{\circ}C$) ~ +2.08%Span($24.25^{\circ}C$), was obtained as the operating criteria of core exit temperature.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.34-46
• /
• 2008

Emissions inputs for use in air quality modeling of Korea were generated with the emissions inventory data from the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), maintained under the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) database. Source Classification Codes (SCC) in the Korea emissions inventory were adapted to use with the U.S. EPA's Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) by finding the best-matching SMOKE default SCCs for the chemical speciation and temporal allocation. A set of 19 surrogate spatial allocation factors for South Korea were developed utilizing the Multi-scale Integrated Modeling System (MIMS) Spatial Allocator and Korean GIS databases. The mobile and area source emissions data, after temporal allocation, show typical sinusoidal diurnal variations with high peaks during daytime, while point source emissions show weak diurnal variations. The model-ready emissions are speciated for the carbon bond version 4 (CB-4) chemical mechanism. Volatile organic carbon (VOC) emissions from painting related industries in area source category significantly contribute to TOL (Toluene) and XYL (Xylene) emissions. ETH (Ethylene) emissions are largely contributed from point industrial incineration facilities and various mobile sources. On the other hand, a large portion of OLE (Olefin) emissions are speciated from mobile sources in addition to those contributed by the polypropylene industry in point source. It was found that FORM (Formaldehyde) is mostly emitted from petroleum industry and heavy duty diesel vehicles. Chemical speciation of PM2.5 emissions shows that PEC (primary fine elemental carbon) and POA (primary fine organic aerosol) are the most abundant species from diesel and gasoline vehicles. To reduce uncertainties in processing the Korea emission inventory due to the mapping of Korean SCCs to those of U.S., it would be practical to develop and use domestic source profiles for the top 10 SCCs for area and point sources and top 5 SCCs for on-road mobile sources when VOC emissions from the sources are more than 90% of the total.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.396-410
• /
• 2018

To assist operators to properly assess the current situation of the plant, accurate fault diagnosis methodology should be available and used. A reliable fault diagnosis method is beneficial for the safety of nuclear power plants. The major idea proposed in this work is integrating the merits of different fault diagnosis methodologies to offset their obvious disadvantages and enhance the accuracy and credibility of on-line fault diagnosis. This methodology uses the principle component analysis-based model and multi-flow model to diagnose fault type. To ensure the accuracy of results from the multi-flow model, a mechanical simulation model is implemented to do the quantitative calculation. More significantly, mechanism simulation is implemented to provide training data with fault signatures. Furthermore, one of the distance formulas in similarity measurement-Mahalanobis distance-is applied for on-line failure degree evaluation. The performance of this methodology was evaluated by applying it to the reactor coolant system of a pressurized water reactor. The results of simulation analysis show the effectiveness and accuracy of this methodology, leading to better confidence of it being integrated as a part of the computerized operator support system to assist operators in decision-making.