• Strategy21
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• 통권33호
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• pp.65-112
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• 2014

Recent trends show that the PRC has stepped aside its "army-centered approach" and placed greater emphasis on its Navy and Air Force for a wider range of operations, thereby reducing its ground force and harnessing its economic power and military technology into naval development. A quantitative growth of the PLA Navy itself is no surprise as this is not a recent phenomenon. Now is the time to pay closer attention to the level of PRC naval force's performance and the extent of its warfighting capacity in the maritime domain. It is also worth asking what China can do with its widening naval power foundation. In short, it is time to delve into several possible scenarios I which the PRC poses a real threat. With this in mind, in Section Two the paper seeks to observe the construction progress of PRC's naval power and its future prospects up to the year 2020, and categorize time frame according to its major force improvement trends. By analyzing qualitative improvements made over time, such as the scale of investment and the number of ships compared to increase in displacement (tonnage), this paper attempts to identify salient features in the construction of naval power. Chapter Three sets out performance evaluation on each type of PRC naval ships as well as capabilities of the Navy, Air Force, the Second Artillery (i.e., strategic missile forces) and satellites that could support maritime warfare. Finall, the concluding chapter estimates the PRC's maritime warfighting capability as anticipated in respective conflict scenarios, and considers its impact on the Korean Peninsula and proposes the directions ROK should steer in response. First of all, since the 1980s the PRC navy has undergone transitions as the focus of its military strategic outlook shifted from ground warfare to maritime warfare, and within 30 years of its effort to construct naval power while greatly reducing the size of its ground forces, the PRC has succeeded in building its naval power next to the U.S.'s in the world in terms of number, with acquisition of an aircraft carrier, Chinese-version of the Aegis, submarines and so on. The PRC also enjoys great potentials to qualitatively develop its forces such as indigenous aircraft carriers, next-generation strategic submarines, next-generation destroyers and so forth, which is possible because the PRC has accumulated its independent production capabilities in the process of its 30-year-long efforts. Secondly, one could argue that ROK still has its chances of coping with the PRC in naval power since, despite its continuous efforts, many estimate that the PRC naval force is roughly ten or more years behind that of superpowers such as the U.S., on areas including radar detection capability, EW capability, C4I and data-link systems, doctrines on force employment as well as tactics, and such gap cannot be easily overcome. The most probable scenarios involving the PRC in sea areas surrounding the Korean Peninsula are: first, upon the outbreak of war in the peninsula, the PRC may pursue military intervention through sea, thereby undermining efforts of the ROK-U.S. combined operations; second, ROK-PRC or PRC-Japan conflicts over maritime jurisdiction or ownership over the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands could inflict damage to ROK territorial sovereignty or economic gains. The PRC would likely attempt to resolve the conflict employing blitzkrieg tactics before U.S. forces arrive on the scene, while at the same time delaying and denying access of the incoming U.S. forces. If this proves unattainable, the PRC could take a course of action adopting "long-term attrition warfare," thus weakening its enemy's sustainability. All in all, thiss paper makes three proposals on how the ROK should respond. First, modern warfare as well as the emergent future warfare demonstrates that the center stage of battle is no longer the domestic territory, but rather further away into the sea and space. In this respect, the ROKN should take advantage of the distinct feature of battle space on the peninsula, which is surrounded by the seas, and obtain capabilities to intercept more than 50 percent of the enemy's ballistic missiles, including those of North Korea. In tandem with this capacity, employment of a large scale of UAV/F Carrier for Kill Chain operations should enhance effectiveness. This is because conditions are more favorable to defend from sea, on matters concerning accuracy rates against enemy targets, minimized threat of friendly damage, and cost effectiveness. Second, to maintain readiness for a North Korean crisis where timely deployment of US forces is not possible, the ROKN ought to obtain capabilities to hold the enemy attack at bay while deterring PRC naval intervention. It is also argued that ROKN should strengthen its power so as to protect national interests in the seas surrounding the peninsula without support from the USN, should ROK-PRC or ROK-Japan conflict arise concerning maritime jurisprudence. Third, the ROK should fortify infrastructures for independent construction of naval power and expand its R&D efforts, and for this purpose, the ROK should make the most of the advantages stemming from the ROK-U.S. alliance inducing active support from the United States. The rationale behind this argument is that while it is strategically effective to rely on alliance or jump on the bandwagon, the ultimate goal is always to acquire an independent response capability as much as possible.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.10-24
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• 1979

It is understood that drum speed of threshers and the moisture content of paddy grains to be threshed, respectively, have a signific:mt effect upon rice recoveries. Threshing under an increased drum speed would give a high performance rate, which is the general practice in custom work threshing in association with the use of semiauto-t hreshers. In the connection, however, it may result in the promotion of grain cracks and brokens of the rice product after milling. No reference or determination for an opti mum drum speed of the thresher is made available for various grain moisture contents at the time of the threshing operation and for different rice varieties especially for the Tongil rice varieties. This study was Conducted to find out and determine effects of the drum speeds on grain losses. The grain loss was quantified in terms of recovery rates of rice grains after treatments. Samples of each of all treatments were taken from the grain sampling plate placed in the grain conveyor of threshers. The grain sample plate was specially provided for this experiment. The brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recJveries were tes ted in the laboratory mill, respectively. Two rice varieties, Akibare and Suweon 251, each with five levels of different moist\ulcornerure contents at harvest and six levels of different drum speeds of threshers, were selected and used for treatments in this experiment. Two conditions of materials were tested in the thresher. One condition was to thresh the experimental material immediately after cutting, referred to as the wet-material thr eshing in this study. The other was to thresh the experimental :material, dried to contain about 15-16 percent of the grain moisture under the shocking operation. This is referred to as the dry-material threshing in this study. In additioon, field measurements for the grain moistures and drum-sdeeds under actual operation practices of the traditional field threshing, were conducted with a view to comparing with results of the experimental treatments. The results of the study may be summarized as follows: 1. For threshing treatments of Japonica-type rice variety (Akibare) , the effect of drum speeds and levels of grain moisture at cutting upon brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recoveries were found statistically significant. No significant difference in these recovery rates was noticed regardless of whether the material was threshed right after cutting or after drying by the shocking operation. 2. For the Tongil-sister rice variety(Suweon 251), milling recovery for the varied drum-speed and the grain~moisture level at cutting was found statististically significant. Th milling recovery was much significant when associated with the wet-material thres\ulcornerhing compared to the dry-material threshing. 3. The optimum peripheral velocity to be maintained at the edge of teeth on the thr\ulcorneresher drum was determined and may be recommanded as that of about 12 to 13 meters per second in view of the maximum recovery rate of the milled rice. 4. The effect of the drum speed on the qualitative loss of the milled rice was much greater in the case of the Tongil variety than Japonica. This effect was also greater by the wet-material threshing than by the dry-material threshing. Therefore, to apply the wet-material threshing operation for the Tongil variety, in particular, it should be very important to introduce the kind of threshing technology which would maintain the drum speed at optimum. 5. A field survey for the actual drum speed of threshing operations for 50 threshers indicated that average peripheral velccity was 12.76m/sec., and that the range was from 10.50 to 14.90m/sec. Approximately, more than 30% of the experimented and measured threshers were being operated at speeds which exceeded the optimum speed determined and assessed in this study. Accordingly, it should be highly desirable and important to take counter-measures against these threshing practices of operational overspeed.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.9-9
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• 1979

It is understood that drum speed of threshers and the moisture content of paddy grains to be threshed, respectively, have a signific:mt effect upon rice recoveries. Threshing under an increased drum speed would give a high performance rate, which is the general practice in custom work threshing in association with the use of semiauto-t hreshers. In the connection, however, it may result in the promotion of grain cracks and brokens of the rice product after milling. No reference or determination for an opti mum drum speed of the thresher is made available for various grain moisture contents at the time of the threshing operation and for different rice varieties especially for the Tongil rice varieties. This study was Conducted to find out and determine effects of the drum speeds on grain losses. The grain loss was quantified in terms of recovery rates of rice grains after treatments. Samples of each of all treatments were taken from the grain sampling plate placed in the grain conveyor of threshers. The grain sample plate was specially provided for this experiment. The brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recJveries were tes ted in the laboratory mill, respectively. Two rice varieties, Akibare and Suweon 251, each with five levels of different moist?ure contents at harvest and six levels of different drum speeds of threshers, were selected and used for treatments in this experiment. Two conditions of materials were tested in the thresher. One condition was to thresh the experimental material immediately after cutting, referred to as the wet-material thr eshing in this study. The other was to thresh the experimental :material, dried to contain about 15-16 percent of the grain moisture under the shocking operation. This is referred to as the dry-material threshing in this study. In additioon, field measurements for the grain moistures and drum-sdeeds under actual operation practices of the traditional field threshing, were conducted with a view to comparing with results of the experimental treatments. The results of the study may be summarized as follows: 1. For threshing treatments of Japonica-type rice variety (Akibare) , the effect of drum speeds and levels of grain moisture at cutting upon brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recoveries were found statistically significant. No significant difference in these recovery rates was noticed regardless of whether the material was threshed right after cutting or after drying by the shocking operation. 2. For the Tongil-sister rice variety(Suweon 251), milling recovery for the varied drum-speed and the grain~moisture level at cutting was found statististically significant. Th milling recovery was much significant when associated with the wet-material thres?hing compared to the dry-material threshing. 3. The optimum peripheral velocity to be maintained at the edge of teeth on the thr?esher drum was determined and may be recommanded as that of about 12 to 13 meters per second in view of the maximum recovery rate of the milled rice. 4. The effect of the drum speed on the qualitative loss of the milled rice was much greater in the case of the Tongil variety than Japonica. This effect was also greater by the wet-material threshing than by the dry-material threshing. Therefore, to apply the wet-material threshing operation for the Tongil variety, in particular, it should be very important to introduce the kind of threshing technology which would maintain the drum speed at optimum. 5. A field survey for the actual drum speed of threshing operations for 50 threshers indicated that average peripheral velccity was 12.76m/sec., and that the range was from 10.50 to 14.90m/sec. Approximately, more than 30% of the experimented and measured threshers were being operated at speeds which exceeded the optimum speed determined and assessed in this study. Accordingly, it should be highly desirable and important to take counter-measures against these threshing practices of operational overspeed.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2012

표면도달일사량은 전 지구시스템에 대한 기후 연구에 가장 중요한 요소 중 하나다. 기후 연구에서는 동일 지역을 관측하는 두 개 혹은 그 이상의 위성자료로부터 넓은 공간적 범위를 가지는 장기간의 데이터를 사용하는 것이 필요하다. 시간적 연속성을 가지는 서로 다른 위성으로부터 산출 된 표면도달일사량의 연속성과 일관성을 향상시키는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 물리적 모델을 이용하여 GOES-9과 MTSAT-1R 위성의 중복 관측 기간 동안의 표면도달일사량을 산출하고, 두 위성의 채널자료와 실측치 비교를 통해 위성간의 연속성과 일관성을 향상시키는 방법을 연구하였다. 두 위성의 적외 채널 온도는 매우 잘 일치하는 경향을 보였다 : RMSE=5.595 Kelvin; Bias=2.065 Kelvin. 반면에, 가시채널은 다른 값의 분포를 보였지만 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 그리고 두 위성으로부터 산출 된 표면도달일사량은 실측치와 일치성이 낮았다. 표면도달일사량의 품질 향상을 위해 구름감쇠계수 조정을 통해 표면도달일사량 산출물을 재생산하였다. 그리고 채널 자료의 비교 분석을 통해 GOES-9 위성을 위한 구름감쇠계수를 생산하였다. 그 결과, 구름 효과를 고려한 GOES-9의 표면도달일사량 산출물은 MTSAT-1R과 실측치에 대해 매우 높은 일치성을 보였다 : RMSE=$83.439W\;m^{-2}$; Bias=$27.296W\;m^{-2}$. 구름감쇠계수 조정을 통해 향상 된 정확도는 두 개 이상의 위성으로부터 산출 된 표면도달일사량 산출물의 연속성과 일관성을 향상 시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.123-158
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• 2009

해충의 저항성발달로 야기되는 문제를 해결하기 위한 정보를 제공함으로써 향후연구를 촉진시키고자 하였다. 농약사용이 지속되는 한 저항성 발달은 필연적이라는 생각으로, 저항성발달을 지연시키기 위해 재배자가 활용할 수 있는 약제성질에 근거를 둔 약종선택, 혼용, 교호, 모자이크 처리 등 약제살포법과, 천적과 양립할 수 있는 선택성 살충제와 저항성 천적의 이용을 중심으로 한 병해충 종합관리(IPM)에 대해 고찰하였다. 저항성관리에 약종의 성질을 이용할 경우 약종별로 작용점과 mode of action(작용방식)이 같거나 다를 수 있고, 2차 해충과 함께 살충제의 활성, 잔류기간, 약제 저항성 발달에 대한 취약성도 다르다. 약제는 섭식, locomotion(거동), 비행, 교미, 포식자 회피 등에도 영향을 미치므로 종합적으로 고려하여 역교차저항성을 나타내는 살충제의 사용이 바람직하다. 농약혼용은 실제 많이 이루어지고 있고 앞으로도 그러하겠지만, 진정한 의미에서 저항성 발달 지연을 위한 혼용, 교호, 모자이크 처리법은 대립유전자의 우성도, 교차저항성, 유입(immigration), fitness 불이익 등과 함께 살충제의 작용방식과 작용점들의 차이에서 구성약제가 매우 높은 비율로 충을 죽이는 부의 교차저항성을 가진 살충제들의 채택에 대하여 논의하였다. 저항성 관리에 약제혼용의 대표적인 사례 22가지와 교호처리 사례 27가지를 표로 제시하였다. 혼용처리의 잠재적 불이익은 생물적 방제의 와해, 이차해충의 저항성발달, 고도의 저항성 개체군 선발, 다양한 살충제에 대한 교차저항성 범위 확대를 내포하고 있다. 교호처리는 살포약량을 높이거나 낮추고, 다른 대사기구를 가진 살충제를 사용하는 것도 고려되었다. 모자이크 처리는 진딧물 같이 정주성 해충인 경우에 연관없는 살충제를 교호로 다른 구역에 처리하거나, 살충제 처리한 열(列)과 그렇지 않은 것을 혼합 배치하여 저항성 발달을 지연시키거나 피해를 감소시킬 수 있다. 해충의 저항성 진화 측면에서 볼 때, 기생자와 포식자의 저항성과 선택성은 농약처리를 요하는 세대 수를 감소시키고 농약으로부터 피난처의 상보적 역할을 수행할 수 있다. 작물별, 기주별, 기생자와 포식자에게 선택성을 보이는 약제를 별도의 표로 요약하여 제시하였다. 기생자의 생존력 향상을 위해 살충제의 선택성과 선택성에 영향을 주는 내 외적 요인에 대하여 검토하였다. 농약사용 하에서 기생자를 사용하기 위해 농약에 대해 저항성이거나 내성이 있는 기생자를 검정, 채집 혹은 선발하는 것을 논의하였다. 포식자에 대한 선택독성에 영향을 미치는 요인들로 농약의 선택성, 선택성의 포장적용과 그에 미치는 요인, 포식자와 기주의 균형, 선택성을 도외시한 방제법의 문제점, 천적과 농약의 양립성 등에 대하여 논의하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제103권4호
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• pp.622-629
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• 2014

산양삼 재배자가 스스로 경영 수준을 진단하여 문제점을 파악하고 이를 개선해 나갈 수 있도록 경영 표준진단표를 개발하여 활용하고자 하였다. 산양삼 경영 표준진단표는 임가 일반 현황과 경영 성과 지표, 그리고 경영수준 진단을 위한 3개의 대분류 항목 및 18개의 중분류 항목으로 구성되어 있다. 산양삼 경영 표준진단표의 작성을 위해 산양삼 주산단지 15개 시 군 81개 임가의 경영 실태 조사를 실시하였으며 경영수준 진단을 위해서 18개 중분류 항목 점수를 합산하여 총점을 산출하였다. 조사 결과 81개 임가의 평균 점수는 57.2점으로 나타났으며 조사 임가의 58%가 40점 이상 60점 미만에 해당하는 것으로 나타났다. 지역별로 평균점수를 비교해 보면 전북이 52.9점으로 가장 낮고, 경남이 61.4점으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 경영기반 지표에서는 재배자들이 재배 특성상 인위적으로 상을 만들지 않고 재배하는 경우가 많아 채종포 조성(상높이)에 대한 항목의 평균 점수가 1.59점으로 낮게 나타났다. 생산기술 수준 지표에서는 병해충 관리 항목의 평균 점수가 1.28점으로 재배자의 90%이상이 병해충 예찰을 하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 파종 및 식재방법, 종자에 대한 항목은 경남 함양에서의 평균 점수가 4.00점, 4.47점으로 특히 높게 나타났으며 경영 및 판매능력 지표에서는 경영기록 및 분석 항목의 평균 점수가 2.20점으로 낮게 나타나 여전히 재배 임가에서는 경영기록 등 경영관리가 미흡한 것으로 나타났다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2016

본 연구는 하수처리시설의 유기성슬러지가 알칼리 안정화 처리시설을 거쳐 발생되는 암모니아의 특성을 조사하였다. 암모니아 검지관을 통해 알칼리 안정화 처리시설의 혼합 및 양생 공정에서 87.78 ppm($66.62mg/m^3$) ~ 1,933 ppm($1,467.01mg/m^3$) 으로 높은 농도의 암모니아가 검출 되었다. 이는 하수처리오니의 질소산화물이 생석회와 혼합되며 암모니아로 변환되는 것으로 예상된다. 일부 시설에서는 황화수소, 메틸메르캅단이 비교적 높은 농도로 검출되었으나, 대부분의 시설에서는 암모니아를 제외한 악취 물질은 검출되지 않았다. 공정 중 암모니아의 농도는 일반적으로 혼합 > 양생 > 반출 > 저장 > 건조 > 입고 순으로 높게 나타났다. 현재 운영 중인 5개 알칼리 안정화 처리시설에서 발생된 악취 물질들은 황산과 차아염소산 등을 사용하여 습식처리하는 것으로 조사되었다. 각 시설은 1 ppm($0.76mg/m^3$), 50 ppm($37.95mg/m^3$) 또는 100 ppm($75.89mg/m^3$)으로 방출되도록 설계되었으나 설계 기준을 만족하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 암모니아의 경우, 일부 알칼리 안정화 처리시설은 노동부가 정한 노출기준을 초과하는 것으로 조사되었다. 이것은 향후 근로자의 안전을 위해 적절한 환기가 필요함을 의미하고 있다. 또한, 암모니아를 포함한 악취물질이 시설의 부지경계선에서 검지관으로 검출되지 않았으나, 현재의 운전상태로 볼 때, 미량의 악취물질이 존재할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

한반도 주변을 연구해역으로 하는 지역 해양순환예측시스템을 이용하여 관측기반의 분석 자료인 Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis(OSTIA) 해수면 온도 자료의 동화를 통한 초기장 개선효과가 황해, 동중국해 그리고 동해의 해수면온도 예측결과에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위해서, 본 연구에서는 3차원 최적내삽법을 적용한 실험(Exp. DA)과 적용하지 않은 실험(Exp. NoDA)을 수행하여 각각의 실험결과를 관측자료와 비교 분석하였다. 2011년 9월 OSTIA 해수면 온도 자료와의 비교결과, Exp. NoDA는 24, 48, 72 예측시간에서 약 $1.5^{\circ}C$의 비교적 높은 Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)를 보였으나, Exp. DA에서는 모든 예측시간에서 $0.8^{\circ}C$ 이하의 상대적으로 낮은 RMSE가 나타났다. 특히, 초기 24시간 예측결과에서 RMSE는 $0.57^{\circ}C$를 보여 Exp. NoDA에 비해 예측성능이 크게 향상된 결과를 보였다. 해역별로는 황해와 동해에서 자료동화 적용 시, 60% 이상의 높은 RMSE 감소율이 나타났다. 기상청 8개 지점 연안 계류부이의 표층수온 자료를 이용하여 자료동화 효과를 계절적으로 살펴본 결과, 전반적으로 여름철을 제외한 모든 계절에서 자료동화 적용 후 70% 이상의 높은 RMSE 감소율을 보여 한반도 연안 표층수온의 단기 예측성이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 해수면 온도 자료의 동화로 인한 해양상층부의 수온구조 변화를 살펴보기 위해 동해를 대표해역으로 하여 Argo 수온 프로파일 자료와 실험결과를 비교하였다. 특히 연직 혼합이 강한 겨울철 해양 상층부(<100 m) 경우 Exp. DA의 RMSE가 Exp. NoDA에 비해 약 $1.5^{\circ}C$ 감소한 결과를 보여 해수면 온도의 자료동화 효과가 해양상층부의 수온 예측성 향상에 기여함을 확인하였다. 하지만, 겨울철 혼합층 아래에서는 Argo 관측 대비 수온 오차가 오히려 증가한 해역도 존재하여 해수면 온도 자료동화의 한계성도 나타났다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2008

As managing customer relationship gets more important, companies are strengthening information service using multi-channels to their customers as a part of their customer relationship management (CRM) initiatives. It means companies are now accepting such information services not as simple information -delivering tools, but as strategic initiatives for acquiring and maintaining customer loyalty. In this paper, we attempt to validate whether or not such various information services would impact on organizational performance in terms of CRM strategy. More specifically, our research objective is to answer the next three questions: first, how to construct the instruments to measure not information quality but information service quality?; second, which attributes of information service quality can influence corporate image and customer loyalty?; finally, does each information service type have unique characteristics compared with others in terms of influencing corporate image and customer loyalty? With respect to providing answers to those questions, the previous studies had been limited in that those studies failed to consider the variety of types of information service or restricted the quality of information service to information quality. An appropriate research model answering the above questions should consider the fact that most companies are utilizing multi channels for their information services, and include the recent strategic information service such as customer online community. Moreover, since corporate information service could be regarded as a type of products or services delivered to customer, it is necessary to adopt the criteria for assessing customer's perceived value when to measure the quality of information service. Therefore, considering both multi-channels and multi-traits may enable us to tell the detailed causal routes showing which quality attributes of which information service would affect corporate image and customer loyalty. As information service channels, we include not only homepage and DM (direct mail), which are the most frequently applied information service channels, but also online community, which is getting more strategic importance in recent years. With respect to information service quality, we abstract information quality, convenience of information service, and timeliness of information service through a wide range of relevant literature reviews. As our dependant variables, we consider corporate image and customer loyalty that both of them are the critical determinants of organizational performance, and also attempt to grasp the relationship between the two constructs. We conducted a huge online survey at the homepage of one of representative dairy companies in Korea, and gathered 367 valid samples from 407 customers. The reliability and validity of our measurements were tested by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and principal factor analysis respectively, and seven hypotheses were tested through performing correlation test and multiple regression analysis. The results from data analysis demonstrated that timeliness and convenience of homepage have positive effects on both corporate image and customer loyalty. In terms of DM, its' information quality was represented to influence both corporate image and customer loyalty, but we found its' convenience have a positive effect only on corporate image. With respect to online community, we found its timeliness contribute significantly both to corporate image and customer loyalty. Finally, as we expected, corporate image was revealed to provide a great influence to customer loyalty. This paper provides several academic and practical implications. Firstly, we think our research reinforces CRM literatures by developing the instruments for measuring information service quality. The previous relevant studies have mainly depended on the measurements of information quality or service quality which were developed independently. Secondly, the fact that we conducted our research in a real situation may enable academics and practitioners to understand the effects of information services more clearly. Finally, since our study involved three different types of information service which are most frequently applied in recent years, the results from our study might provide operational guidelines to the companies that are delivering their customers information by multi-channel. In other words, since we found that, in terms of customer loyalty, the key areas would be different from each other according to the types of information services, our analysis would help to make decisions such as selecting strengthening points or allocating resources by information service channels.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 폐쇄집수역의 냉기호 현상을 기존의 냉기집적효과와 연계하여 일 최저기온 분포를 모의할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 집수역 내 찬 공기가 담길 '그릇'의 용적을 계산하고 '그릇'안에 집적되는 냉기량을 고도에 따라 표현하였다. 기존의 계곡지형 냉기류에 냉기호를 합산하여 냉기집적으로 인한 기온하강분을 계산하였다. 이때 냉기호의 '수면'은 일교차 조건에 따라 변화시켰다. 이 방법을 검증하기 위해 경남 하동군 악양계곡의 200m 이하 냉기호 형성지역에 기상관측기 10대에서 1분 단위로 기온을 측정하였다. 5월 17일 새벽에는 형제봉 정상에서 적외선 영상 복사계로 지면온도분포를 획득하였다. 개선된 소기후 모형을 적용하여 0530 LST의 기온 분포를 30m 해상도로 추정한 결과 그 양상이 적외선 열영상 분포와 유사하였다. 10개 기상관측지점에 해당하는 격자의 기온추정값을 추출하여 실측값과 비교한 결과, MAE는 1.01에서 0.60으로, RMSE 1.30에서 0.71으로 감소하여 집수역 출구에 가까운 저지대 평야부분에서 발생하는 기존 방법에 의한 오차가 개선되었다.