• International Journal of Railway
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2016

Life cycle cost analysis is compulsively required for the system operation. System operation costs are consisted of acquisition, operation, maintenance and so on. In the beginning of the system planning, we need to take into account of various costs following the system operating. To implement LCC, we need to analyze system life cycle to identify all costs during system life. The costs can be divided into three parts. The first part is purchasing cost, the second for operating cost and the last for disposal cost. The second operating cost can be decomposed of operating cost included labor, energy consumption cost for system running, maintenance costs to keep systems healthy, delay cost caused from maintenance and hazard cost, and so on. In this paper, we carried out for railway locomotives which operate over more 30years and which cost about 10 million USD. We decompose the life cycle of the locomotives and break down the locomotives into subsystems to require maintenance or not, and subsystems to need energy or not. We showed how to decide optimal locomotives through cost identification and system breakdown.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.108-111
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• 2001

The electric power industries in Korea are launched into deregulation by introducing the CBP(Cost Based Pool), where generation sector of KEPCO was divided into six generation companies and the other sectors of KEPCO remains vertically integrated system. In deregulated market, participants are concerned with maximization of their profit rather than minimization of system-wide costs. Consequently, there are difficulties in applying the cost minimization for the scheduling of generation resources to CBP, because of the operation of pumped-storage hydroplants. This paper presents an operation method of pumped storage hydroplants which is helpful for the economic operation of power system considering the market in the CBP.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.91-97
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• 2012

In this study, cost analysis of electrokinetic (EK) restoration process for desalination of saline agricultural land was performed for field application based on a pilot scale field application. For reasonable cost analysis, EK process was classified into three major parts: system design, installation and operation. Cost of system installation consists of materials and installation for electrode/electric wire, power supply and data monitoring, drainage system, etc. Operation cost was calculated based on electrical consumption and water charges for EK process. Total cost for EK process was 2,943,013 won for $1000m^2$ in greenhouse area. Cost for system installation was 2,553,786 won, that is, 87% of total cost, while cost for system operation was 389,229 won, that is, 13% of total cost.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.7 s.78
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• pp.41-48
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• 2004

We may consider the inducement of demand to public transportation as a solution to relieve traffic congestion and pollution. Subway has merits as moving on schedule, transporting more people than bus. But subway is required a vast investment in the early stage of construction has a huge debt. So it runs into red figures, and on this account, services of subway are falling more and more. Development of subway's operation cost function is useful to understand structure of subway's operation and catch the relations of operation cost and actual results. In addition, we can present the policy that is a helpful to the operation as development of operation cost function. But there are short of studies about operation cost deal with a subway comparison with local train. Because local train has many lines and data, on the other hand, subway has one to four lines and less data. Most of previous studies sought the operation cost function of Seoul. So this study aimed to develop and apply the operation cost function of Seoul, Incheon, Busan and Daegu area using full allocation method. In this study, we considered the number of passengers, track-km, train-km, revenue as actual results. By appling the operation cost function, we compared the average cost of each city and confirmed the existence of economies of scale about the number of passengers, train-km.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.567-575
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• 2011

The development of space launch vehicle is an important step to advance to developed countries in the space area. It is also so risky due to necessity of huge costs and longer development period. The accuracy of cost estimation is important to develop a space launch vehicle successfully and efficiently. It is also necessary to estimate production and operation cost in order to develop commercial space launch vehicle possessing competitiveness. In this paper, Korean factors to be able to reflect the current state of workforce, average working hours and technology readiness level in Korea were analyzed to estimate production and operation cost of space launch vehicles that are developed in Korea. Korean factors have been applied to production and operation cost estimation of KSLV-II based on TRANSCOST. We evaluated the competitiveness level of KSLV-II as the commercial launch vehicle in the commercial launch services market by comparing with cost per flight of foreign launch vehicles.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.601-611
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• 2010

Currently, a life cycle cost estimates(LCCE) is the most important factor in weapon system acquisition process. However, operation and maintenance(O&M) cost related studies are insufficient from the previous literature survey. O&M cost consists of various cost factors such a man power, maintenance and direct & indirect support costs. We have known that spare-parts cost is a key factor in the O&M cost. In this paper, we developed the spare-parts cost estimating relationships(CERs) of fixed-wing aircraft and armored vehicle weapon systems which include 4 historical cost drivers ; system acquisition cost, deterioration rate, localization rate, mission characteristic. Furthermore, we proposed the application methodologies that O&M cost estimating, total life cycle cost estimating and determination of the economic life using the spare-parts CERs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.1326-1330
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• 2001

This study analyzed the lowest production cost and the greatest profit to be obtained from marketing hogs to determine the optimal operation scale for family-owned farrow-to-finish farms. Data were collected from 39 farrow-to-finish farms with 500 to 5,000 inventories for two consecutive years, and treated with GLM and quadratic regression models using the REG procedure. Analysis results indicated that farms capable of marketing 2,933 and 3,286 hogs annually had the lowest production cost and the greatest profit, respectively. Further analysis attributed the lowest production cost or the highest return in farms with an optimal scale of 3,000 to a higher survival rate of the herd, as well as lower expenses in veterinary medicine, labor, utilities and fuel, transportation, and depreciation. A similar feed conversion efficiency was observed for all the farms studied. Obviously, the cost efficiencies were associated with the economy of the operation scale of hog production until it reached 3,000 hogs marketed annually for a family-run unit. Beyond the optimal scale of 3,000 hogs, good stockmanship was more difficult to maintain and the herd management deteriorated as increasing mortality confirms. It is conclude that, unless advanced management is applied, the operation scale should not expand beyond 3,000 hogs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.77-80
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• 1998

An optimization procedure was proposed to minimize construction and operation cost simultaneously. The global criterion method was exploited to find a Pareto optimum solution to the multi-objective functions. The result was compared to the data of a real pumping plant and it was found that the optimized plan of pumping plant could reduce both of the construction and operation cost.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.50-55
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• 2012

This paper presents an application of optimization method for efficient operation in micro grid. For operational efficiency, the objective function in a diesel generator consists of the fuel cost function similar to the cost functions used for the conventional fossil-fuel generating plants. The wind turbine generator is modeled by the characteristics of variable output. The cost function of fuel cell plant considers the efficiency of fuel cell. Particle swarm optimization(PSO) and sequential quadratic programming(SQP) are used for solving the problem of microgrid system operation. Also, from the results this paper presents the way to attend power markets which can buy and sell power from upper lever grids by connecting a various generation resources to micro grid.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• v.12A no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2002

This paper presents a new operation scheme of UPFC to minimize both generation costs and active power losses in a normal operation state of power system. In a normal operation, cost minimization is a matter of primary concern among operating objectives. This paper considers two kinds of costs, generation costs and transmission losses. The total generation cost of active powers can be minimized by optimal power flow, and active power losses in the transmission system can be also minimized by power flow control of UPFC incorporated with minimization of generation costs. In order to determine amounts of active power reference of each UPFC required for the cost minimization, an iterative optimization algorithm based on the power flow calculation using the decoupled UPFC model is proposed. For verification of the proposed method, intensive studies have been performed on a 3-unit 6-bus system equipped with a UPFC.