• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2018

Risk Based Oversight is a way of performing oversight, where planning is driven by the combination of risk profile and safety performance. Risk Based Oversight enables prioritization and allocation of State's safety management resources commensurate with the safety risk profile of each service provider. This paper presents the concept of Risk Based Oversight and applies it to the current Korean aviation safety oversight process. In particular, this study presents a method for generating operating profiles, one of the key concepts of Risk Based Oversight. Operations Specifications of Part 121 Airlines can generate operating profiles. In this study, a practical study was conducted to generate the operating profile and scoped DCTs using Part 121 Airlines's Operations Specifications.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.78-90
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• 2009

오늘날 고속도로 운영은 IT를 기반으로 하는 복잡한 Digital Infrastructure이다. 이러한 IT의 활용은 점점 많아지고 있는데, 예측 불가능한 운영위험이 발생할 경우 IT의 편리함만큼이나 피해가 예상외로 커질 수 있다. 고속도로 운영 위험은 도로의 운영이 중단되어 도로이용자들이 서비스를 제공받지 못하는 것이다. 운영위험은 예상하지 못한 과다한 운영관리비 및 유지관리비의 발생으로 계획된 운영비를 초과하는 것이며, 운영수입의 손실을 가져온다. 그 결과 이용자 안전의 위험과 운영자의 부실을 초래하게 되는데, 기존의 연구는 이를 추정할 수 있는 방법에 대한 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 디지털화된 고속도로에서 대규모 정전사태가 발생할 경우 추가로 발생되는 운영비 항목을 구체적으로 제시하고 각 항목에 대한 예상 가능한 위험비용을 시뮬레이션 추정을 하고자 하였다. 이를 근거로 하여 운영위험을 방지하기 위한 비용예산과 운영계획 측면에서 방안을 제시하고자 하며, 향후 운영의 건전성을 확보할 수 있는 기초자료로 활용을 도모코자 한다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1515-1524
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• 2008

In this study, railway accidents from constructing or maintaining works on/near operating line were reviewed during 2005-2007 years. Causes and hazards analysis of these accidents was performed to make an accident scenario for risk assessments. And the risk of worker casualty on/near operating line was quantitatively assessed. Also a constitution method of Risk Matrix for manage tolerable risk level was proposed.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2009

현행 공공공사에서는 예산에 맞추어 공사를 진행하는 방식을 취하고 있기 때문에 발주자(발주기관)의 요구사항을 충분히 만족시키지 못하고 있다. 따라서 발주자의 요구사항에 맞춘 발주방식 선정에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 우선, 발주방식의 정의 및 특성과 미국, 영국, 일본 등 국내 외의 발주시스템을 고찰하였다. 이를 통해 발주방식을 선정하기 위해서는 최고 가치를 지향해야 된다는 결론을 도달하였다. 최고 가치를 지향하는 발주방식을 선정하기 위해서는 가장 우선적으로 발주자의 주요요구사항인 비용, 품질, 일정에 대한 고려를 해야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 발주자의 주요요구사항인 비용, 품질, 일정의 상관관계를 분석하였으며, 이를 통하여 여러 가지 발주방식 중 성능발주, 대안발주, Turn Key, 사양발 주의 주요선정요인을 비용, 품질, 일정으로 분류하였으며, 이에 대한 발주방식 선정 방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1494-1502
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• 2014

Since smartphones are utilized in the ranges from personal usages to governmental data exchanges, known but not patched vulnerabilities in smartphone operating systems are considered as major threats to the public. To minimize potential security breaches on smartphones, it is necessary to estimate possible security threats. So far, there have been numerous studies conducted to evaluate the security risks caused by mobile devices qualitatively, but there are few quantitative manners. For a large scale risk evaluation, a qualitative assessment is a never ending task. In this paper, we try to calculate relative risk levels triggered by software vulnerabilities from unsecured smartphone operating systems (Android and iOS) among 51 Asian countries. The proposed method combines widely accepted risk representation in both theory and industrial fields. When policy makers need to make a strategic decision on mobile security related agendas, they might find the presented approach useful.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.591-599
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• 2021

The increased risk in financial firms, due to Global Financial Crises and high international trade activities, has encouraged banks to use derivatives for both managing their financial risk and earning non-operating income simultaneously. The present study brings new evidence in the existing literature by determining the drivers behind financial derivative usage in Pakistani banks for 2011 till 2016. Moreover, the paper examines how risk plays a moderating role in determining the relationship between derivative usage and bank value. While assessing the determinants, a two-stage test has conducted, first, the logit regression was used to test the drivers behind the derivative usage in banks. Second, Tobit regression was run to analyze the factors leading to determine the extent of derivative usage. The findings demonstrate that Pakistani banks are using derivatives for both risk management and speculative motive as they are customers and users of derivatives at the same time. Empirical results, regarding moderating role of risk on the value implications of derivative usage, provide mixed findings as derivative usage gives value premium in case of non-systematic risk and foreign exchange risk. Whereas value discounts have been observed for cases where systematic risk is high and managers try to earn non-operating income from speculative activities.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.541-551
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• 2020

Based on the trend, there have been numerous researches analysing the ship collision risk. However, in this scope, the navigational conditions and external environment are ignored or incompletely considered in training or/and real situation. It has been identified as a significant limitation in the navigational collision risk assessment. Therefore, a novel algorithm of the ship navigational collision risk solving system has been proposed based on basic collision risk and vulnerabilities of marine accidents. The vulnerability can increase the possibility of marine collision accidents. The factors of vulnerabilities including bad weather, tidal currents, accidents prone area, traffic congestion, operator fatigue and fishing boat operating area are involved in the fuzzy reasoning engines to evaluate the navigational conditions and environment. Fuzzy logic is employed to reason basic collision risk using Distance to Closest Point of Approach (DCPA) and Time of Closest Point of Approach (TCPA) and the degree of vulnerability in the specific coastal waterways. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to obtain the integration of vulnerabilities. In this paper, vulnerability factors have been proposed to improve the collision risk assessment especially for non-SOLAS ships such as coastal operating ships and fishing vessels in practice. Simulation is implemented to validate the practicability of the designed navigational collision risk solving system.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2020

본 연구는 우리나라 종합병원을 대상으로 경영의 위험요인이 운전자본 관리에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 자료는 의료기관회계정보공시 시스템을 이용하여 271개 종합병원 3개연도(2016년, 2017년, 2018년)의 회계정보를 이용하였다. 도입변수는 종속변수로 운전자본 수준과 현금순환주기, 독립변수로 운영위험과 시장위험, 통제변수로 운전자금 구성요인(현금, 매출채권, 재고자산, 매입채무)을 선정하였다. 연구결과, 우리나라 종합병원들은 운영위험이 낮을수록 운전자본 수준은 높았으며, 운전자본 결정에는 운영위험, 현금, 재고자산, 매입채무가 작용하는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 시장위험(의료이익률)이 낮을수록 현금순환주기가 높았다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 의료기관들도 운영의 특수성을 고려하여 경기대응능력을 갖출 수 있도록 운전자본 결정요인으로 확인된 운영위험, 현금, 재고자산, 매입채무의 적절한 관리방안에 대한 검토의 필요성이 제기된다.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and characteristics of occupational blood and body fluid exposure for operating room personnel during surgical procedures and identify risk factors. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used to survey 519 operating room personnel who participated in 132 surgeries in an acute care hospital in Seoul between April 12 and 20, 2006. Results: The response rate was 82% (530/646) and analyzed total 519 except for improper 11 questionnaires. Exposure rate was 45.5% (60/132) during operations and 20.4% (106/519) for operating room personnel. By job categories, the exposure rate was as follows; anesthesiologists and nurses 31.2% (44/141), operators and assistants 22.1% (32/145), circulating nurses 12.0% (11/92), scrub nurses 11.4% (14/123). The mucous membrane-eye exposure with a high risk of transmitting infection was 6.6% (7/106) and the most frequent route of exposure was blood and body fluid touching unprotected skin. In multivariate analysis, the risk factors of exposure were services, duration of operation, a patient who had a peripheral arterial catheter line, and job category. Conclusion: Educational programs and appropriate use of personal protective equipment are necessary to prevent operating room personnel from being exposed to blood and body fluid.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 1998

In order to investigate and compare the health risk factors of nurses in the operating room(OR nurse) and ward (WARD nurse), the questionnaire survey for subjective symptoms was carried out on 553 nurses(132 OR nurses and 421 WARD nurses) who were employed at seven hospital. The self-administered questionnaries were composed of low back pain, subjective fatigue symptoms, musculo-skeletal symptoms, psychological stress and reproductive function. The results were as follows : 1. In the type of working posture and working environment, there were significant difference between two groups for working posture, waist form, height of working table, satisfaction of chair, lifting & carring. 2. Job satisfaction, duration of work, height of working table, satisfaction of chair, lifting & carring were significantly associated the low back pain. 3. In the complaints of subjective fatigue symptoms, the total mean score was higher in OR nurse than WARD nurse, but there was not significant. The items that the mean score of OR nurse was significantly higher than WARD nurse were 'head feels muddled', 'apt to forget', 'feel choky'. 4. In the complaints of musculo-skeletal syrrptoms, the total mean score was higher in OR nurse than WARD nurse, but there was not significant. The item that the mean score of OR nurse was significantly higher WARD nurse was 'wrist discomfort or pain'. 5. The comparison of spontatenous abortion in married nurses who had the experience of pregnancy were significantly associated the stress risk group. 6. In all of OR and Ward nurses, the job satisfaction is associated with subjective fatigue symptoms, musculo-skeletal symptoms, and stress. In conclusion, it suggested that working posture, working environment, stress, and job satisfaction were health risk factors of nurses working in the operating room. Further prospective intervention studies should be conducted to educate right working posture, improve of working environment, decrease of stress, and increase of job satisfaction.