• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1101-1107
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• 2022

The leaf temperature is principally regulated by the opening and closing of stomata that is sensitive to various kinds of plant physiological stress. Thus, the analysis of thermal imagery, one of remote sensing technique, will be useful to detect crop physiological condition on smart farm system and phenomics platform. However, there are few case studies using a thermal imaging camera on the agricultural application. In this study, three cases are presented: the effect of lime fertilizer on the rice, the different physiological properties of soybean under shading condition, and the screening of soybean breeds for salinity tolerance characteristic. The leaf temperature measured by thermal imaging camera on the three cases was used effectively to the physiological change and characteristics. However, the thermal imagery analysis requires considering the accuracy of measured temperature and the weather conditions that affects to the leaf temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.266-269
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• 2022

As the emotional problems experienced by modern people after COVID-19 have increased, the burden on clients due to negative perceptions of psychological counseling and physical limitations is still high. Therefore, this study proposes a virtual counseling platform for effective counseling using the characteristics of people in their 20s who are open to relationships in non-face-to-face relationships. To this end, a survey was conducted for those in their 20s and in-depth interviews with counselors were conducted. After that, a 3D virtual counseling environment was created through Unity to PC-based service. As a result of the study, it was found that the most important factor in counseling in the 20s was the tendency of counselors and an atmosphere without burden, which was closely related to self-opening in counseling. Therefore, it was possible to participate in counseling while looking at the counselor character in a 3D space created in comfortable atmosphere, and various interaction elements with the counselor were provided during counseling. The significance of this study aims to promote self-openness of clients in their 20s and actively participate in counseling. This is expected to greatly help improve psychological problems through smooth counseling.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.40
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• pp.307-341
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• 2020

In the past, each villages of ULSAN had their own SUNGHWANGDANGs. Village folks held an annual ritual for a ghost called GOLMAEGI. That ritual, which was a form of festival supervised by the village community, was the opening of seasonal customs. People called the ritual JISINBOPKI. It was a type of NONGAK in which musicals and dramatic factors made a harmony. Usually its lyrics were called 'SUNGJUPURI'or 'JISINBOPKI' song. At that moment, villagers, thumping on the ground with their feet, danced 'DUTBEKI' to awake the sleeping ghost SUNGJUJISIN. After this ritual, the music band started to visit people's house after house around the town playing PUNGMUL NOLI which consisted of SOGO NORUM, JAPSACK NORUM. The whole proceeding of these performances did not have a definite name. Villagers prayed to SUNGJUJISIN for the prevention of bad luck in their home. This study have arranged the type of MAEGUCHIGI, which is a kind of wishing NONGAK, on the basis of two preceding primary documents. And the other is about JISINBOPKI of ULSAN district that was shown in ULSAN YUSA written by a local historian, KIM SUKBO, of ULSAN. The process of arrangement is as follows. At first, considering the implication of this NONGAK, the definite title of it was designated as ULSAN MAEGUCHIGI. And then, it was given its genre and type within NONGAK.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to clarify the background of the plans and the spatial characteristics of the garden at the Anglo-Korean School, an educational institution established in Gaeseong in 1906 by Yun Chi-ho and the American Methodist Church. The time scope of the study is from 1906, when the school was opened, to the early 1920s, when the basic building structure of the school was completed. The spatial scope is the school complex, located in Gaeseong, and its affiliated facilities. The contents of the study include the planning background and purpose, spatial layout, and plants used in the school garden. This study reviewed Yun Ch'i-ho's papers and Warren A. Candler's papers at Emory University, documents, photos, and maps produced in the early 20th century. The results show that the school garden was first mentioned at the school's opening and that with a strong will, Yun Chi-ho insisted on establishing a school garden. The garden was located around the engineering department building and was divided into several sections and lots. Economic plants, such as fruit trees, comprised the garden and were sourced from the Methodist Church of the South, USA. This study reveals that the garden at the Anglo-Korean School functioned as a training ground for agriculture and horticulture education and was differentiated from Seowon, a traditional Korean academy that symbolically spaced Neo-Confucianism and that emphasized the views of the surrounding nature during the Joseon Dynasty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.230-237
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• 2023

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change, shortages of essential commodities and resources continue to occur globally. To address this problem, trade volume demand suddenly increased, driving up the freight rate of container ships sharply. The size of container vessels progressively increased from 1,500 TEU (twenty-foot equivalent unit) in the 1960s to 24,400 TEU in 2021. As the improvement of container loading capacity is closely related to the enlargement of the lashing bridge structure, it is necessary to design a structure effective for good container securing and safe under the various external loads that occur during voyage. Major classification societies have recently issued structural-analysis-based guidelines to evaluate the structural safety of lashing bridges, but their acceptance criteria and evaluation methods are different, causing confusion among engineers during design. In this study, the strength change characteristics are summarized by variations in the main variables (modeling range, opening consideration, mesh size) likely to affect the results. Based on this result, the authors propose a reasonable structural-analysis-based evaluation that is expected to serve as a reference in the next revision of classification standards.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5D
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• pp.839-848
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• 2006

Korea has become the 5th country to own and operate the high speed railroad in 2004. However, there were many difficulties until Koreans enjoy the first bullet train service with the average hourly speed of 300km. The high speed railroad requires elevated quality standards differently from the traditional railways. In addition to the technical difficulties, the construction project itself was an unpleasant case with huge delays and cost overruns mainly due to the lack of experiences, deficiency of owner$^{\circ}{\O}$s role, and increase of public resistances triggered by environmental concerns. This paper analyzes the reasons for delays on this mega-project. With respect to the characteristics of the whole project level, it is very complicated/linear project, whose total length is around 412 km with the composition of various sections in the route of the railway which have basically different conditions. For that reason, the analysis is performed in both macro and micro level. First, macroscopic analysis is performed to find critical subdivisions in the railway route that induces the significant delay in the opening due date. Then, microscopic analysis is followed to quantify the causes and effects of delays focused on these critical subdivisions in more detailed way. Finally, this paper provides lessons learned from this project to avoid the decisive delays in performing the similar large-scaled projects.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.301-324
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• 2024

In this study, we attempted to propose operational directions for each space in order to transform the newly built library in Yangpyeong-gun into a space for cultural enjoyment and creativity development for local residents. To this end, the purpose is to understand the space composition status of Yangpyeong-gun public libraries and establish an operation plan (draft) for the space to be constructed. To this end, we analyzed the names, operation status, and cases of similar spaces in other libraries, and analyzed the spatial characteristics of library cases to establish a space operation plan for the Yangpyeong-gun public library. As a result of the study, it is important to utilize spaces such as children's resource rooms to improve early reading habits for infants and children, contribute to development, and develop various senses, and small theaters should be planned with a focus on large-scale performances. Furniture and space for reading and relaxation should be provided next to Byeokmyeonga & Bookstair, and it should be operated as a communication space where small talk is possible within a certain limit. It is necessary to operate the multipurpose room by activating experiential creative activities and creative performances. It is necessary for the club room to establish an operation plan through regular communication and opinion sharing. The maker space space is a space that supports various creative activities, and the general data room is a place that provides materials on all topics and must be operated by regularly communicating with users and reflecting their opinions. Lastly, I would like to suggest that the family room should be used like a book cafe where children and parents can freely drink tea together in the same space.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.157-164
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• 2023

The estuary dam is a structure installed and operated in a closed state except when flood event occurs to prevent inland saltwater intrusion and secure freshwater supply. However, the closed state of dam leads to issues such as eutrophication, so it is necessary to examine the extent of saltwater intrusion resulting from the opening of sluice gates. Groundwater, due to its subsurface conditions and slow flow characteristics, is widely analyzed using numerical models. OpenGeoSys, an open-source software capable of simulating Thermal- Hydraulic- Mechanical- Chemical phenomena, was adopted for this study. Simulations were conducted assuming natural flow conditions without dam and operating considering busy farming season, mostly from March to September. Verification of the model through analytical solutions showed error of 3.7%, confirming that OpenGeoSys is capable of simulating saltwater intrusion for these cases. From results simulated for 10 years, considering for the busy farming season, resulted in about 46% reduction in saltwater intrusion length compared to natural flow conditions, approximately 74.36 m. It may be helpful to make choices to use groundwater as a water resource.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 2024

Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a significant burden to infant and toddler's care globally, while the disease severity is generally mild in this age group. In this study, we aimed to assess epidemiological and clinical aspects of COVID-19 in infants and toddlers in Seoul, South Korea. Methods: We used Seoul Metropolitan Government's epidemiological investigation database to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in infants and toddlers, between March 2020 to December 2021. Results: A total of 5,025 infants and toddlers aged <5 years was diagnosed between the observed period. 2,720 (54.1%) had symptoms, and fever was the most common symptom in 1,941 (74.1%). Of the diagnosed cases, 96.4% did not have underlying diseases. In a district level, extended opening of childcare facility was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 in infants and toddlers. Conclusions: An efficient monitoring system, resembling routine clinical care, is crucial, considering the low rates of severe progression and fatality among infants and toddlers. Moreover, a well-grounded intervention based on scientific evidence, rather than unconditional closures, is necessary to establish a suitable childcare policy that ensures safety from infectious diseases while not overlooking the developmental aspects of social skills.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.308-322
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• 2002

The main objective of this paper is to examine the working conditions of physical therapists and to investigate the level of job satisfaction and organizational commitment under different working conditions. A survey was conducted through structured questionnaire for the physical therapists working in Busan area, and data from 175 therapists were utilized in the final analysis. Survey items included general characteristics of the therapists(sex, age, education, marital status, religion, income, career years, etc.), their working conditions(kinds of organizations they work in, location of PT room, weekly working hours, average number of patients, number of co-workers, equipments/facilities, etc.), and organizational effectiveness measured in terms of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Major results are as follows: 1) As for the general characteristics of the surveyed physical therapists, male(51.4$\%$) slightly exceeded female(48.6$\%$) and majority(more than 90$\%$) was 20-39 in age. Also, there were more single(57.7$\%$) than married(42.3$\%$), and 54.9$\%$ of the respondents had religion while 45.1$\%$ did not. In terms of the ranks in their organizations, only a few of them(6.9$\%$) were managers, and monthly salary mostly ranged from $\￦$1,000,000 to $\￦$2,500,000. More than half of them worked in various kinds of hospitals, with the remaining in health centers or social welfare institutions. 2) In regard to the working conditions of the respondents, 19.4$\%$ of PT rooms were located in basement areas while the remaining 80.6$\%$ in first to third floors. 34.3$\%$ of them treated 15 patients or less per day, whereas 25.1$\%$ treated 31 patients or more. Also, 52$\%$ recorded physical therapy charts periodically. As for the equipments and facilities, 25.1$\%$ felt 'sufficient' and 40$\%$'insufficient.' 3) The respondents provided various kinds of suggestions for the improvement of their working conditions, where the most important were 'salary raise' and 'reduction of working hours.' In addition, their requests to the PT Association included 'permission of opening of independent practice,' 'permission of legal specialty,' and 'vitalization of the Association.' 4) The comparative analysis of job satisfaction and organizational commitment among different characteristics of the respondents revealed that there was no significant difference between male and female, but in terms of age, the group of 40 or older was highest in both aspects. Besides, therapists who had 15 or more years of hospital career reported higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment than the others. It was also found that the level of organizational commitment increased as the rank of the respondents got higher. There were no significant differences in terms of marital status and religion. 5) Comparison with regard to working conditions showed that therapists employed in university hospitals, health centers and social welfare institutions felt higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment than those in community hospitals and clinics. Also, respondents who worked in basement areas had significantly lower job satisfaction than otherwise. The length of weekly working hours did not really affect the level of job satisfaction, but it was important to maintain 'regular working hours' for the hospitals to improve the employees' organizational commitment. As for the number of patients per day, 'medium level' (21-25 patients) had highest scores in both aspects. And, finally, sufficiency of equipments and facilities was found to be important for the improvement of organizational commitment.