• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2008

Today's manufacturing environment is becoming a distributed manufacturing process in which a unique and specialized technological background is required in specific domains rather than having a single company execute all the manufacturing processes. This phenomenon is especially true in the automotive industry, where the sharing of product data between companies is rampant; however, this kind of interoperability causes many problems. When each company has its own method of managing product data, the sharing of product data in a distributed environment is a major problem. A data translator module or a data mapping module had to be developed for the exchange of data in heterogeneous systems of product data management (PDM); moreover, this type of module must be continually changed and improved due to the fact that PDM systems change for many reasons. In addition, the growth in corporate partnerships deepens the burden of developing and maintaining this module and creates further data exchange problems due to the increasing complexity of the system. This paper introduces a way of exchanging product data among heterogeneous PDM systems through the use of OpenPDM, which is a kind of virtual data warehouse. The implementation of a PDM integrating system is also discussed with respect to the requirement for a logical integration of product data which are physically distributed.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.162-172
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• 2015

This paper proposes a Product Data Management (PDM) system architecture that supports end-user computing for small and medium businesses (SMBs) in Korea to build and maintain efficient and sustainable information systems for their product development. Its open database with relational tables enables existing common application programs such as Microsoft office suites to access product data in PDM systems. In addition, the interactive query processor provided by database management systems helps design engineers to build ad hoc queries in standard SQL database language to response different data requirements during their product development. The PDM architecture with the open database allows design engineers or technical staffs in SMBs to build and maintain their application programs for product development by themselves. To show the feasibility of the proposed architecture, this study implemented a prototype PDM system based on the architecture and database, and represents real-world product data with the implemented PDM system.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.489-494
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• 2011

본 연구는 선박 추진시스템 설계를 위한 제품정보관리(Product Data Management, PDM) 시스템의 구현 사례를 소개하였다. 객체 지향 모델링 언어(Unified Modeling Language, UML)를 이용하여 중소형 선박 추진성능 추정 시스템을 설계하였으며, 프로펠러의 3차원 디지털 모크업(Digital Mock-Up, DMU)을 중심으로 제품정보를 구축하였다. 또한 설계 과정에 필요한 모델링 및 시뮬레이션(Modeling & Simulation, M&S) 기술을 PDM 시스템과 통합하기 위한 방안을 제안하고, 추진기 및 축계 설계 검증 모델을 동시에 구현하였다. 시스템 개발에는 Open Scene Graph(OSG) 라이브러리 및 객체 지향 시스템 개발 도구를 사용하였다. 최종적으로는, 설계 검증용 M&S 소프트웨어와 PDM 시스템을 연동한 구현 사례를 보임으로써 추진성능 추진 시스템의 개발환경 구축 방안을 제시하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제21권45호
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• pp.33-45
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• 1998

The typical characteristic of PDM(Product Data Management) System seperates the databases to store the meta data and applications. Therefore, meta data contains the information for the location of file, user profiles, relationships between the files, and process. PDM utilizes these information efficiently and does file management, configuration management, and process management. In this view, the integration strategy of PDM is to merge data and process. In the view of architecture, the interface between data and application and the actions of each application execute seamlessly. This architecture is viewed as integrated data and process among enterprises and implemented with client/server technology in distributed process environment that interfaced with open object-oriented technology which is developed with business object in the object-oriented infrastructure. In this paper, we studied the definition, function, and scope of PDM and researched the core technologies to implement the PDM integration environment. We also researched the PDM utilization in distributed enterprise environment and implementation of PDM integration environment with this technical background.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2021

This study aimed to enhance seed productivity and secure genetic resources for Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis. We analyzed the characteristics of cone and seed generated by control pollination between Pinus densiflora (PD) and Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis (PDM). The highest number of cone scales (63.0) was obtained from the self-pollinated (sp) PDM clone B (PDM-sp-B), whereas the lowest number of cone scales (44.7) was obtained from two combinations designated as PDM-A×PD-075 and PDM-A×PD-0111. Both female parents of the hybrids were PDM-A. The highest seed production capacity (80.8) was obtained from the open-pollinated (op) PDM clone B (PDM-op-B). The seed potentials of PDM-B×PD-0111, PDM-op-A, and PDM-sp-B were 67.4, 66.5, and 63.1, respectively. The highest number of fertile scales (41.5) was obtained from PDM-op-B, and the lowest number of fertile scales (28.8) was obtained from PDM-A×PD-075. The total number of aborted ovules and 1st aborted ovules was not statistically significant in the mating design. The cross combination of PDM-B×PD-0111 had the highest number (34.8) of filled seeds and the lowest number of 2nd aborted ovules (5.2) and empty seeds (9). PDM-op-B had the highest number of developed seeds (47.6), although the number of empty seeds was the highest (41.2). Therefore, we conclude that the mating design of PDM-B×PD-0111 is useful for future breeding programs to improve seed yield of PDM. Our results showed that there was a strong correlation between the following two parameter pairs: number of scales and number of fertile scales, and the number of fertility scales and seeds potential (r=0.89 and r=0.84, respectively; both p<0.01).

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.210-223
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• 1999

An efficient management of product information is critical to the enhancement of corporate competitiveness. Product information is often distributed in term of organization, geography, and time. With the rapid increase in the use of Internet or its associated Web and intranets, it has been accelerating to integrate the distributed information. In this research, a Distributed, Open, Intelligent Product data Management system, namely DOI-PDM, is developed. This system deals with product information following the STEP standard, and its operation is controlled by a Web-based workflow management system. CORBA is employed to ensure interoperability among distributed objects. It is intended to achieve openness by using various standards, such s STEP, KQML, SGML, and WfMC specifications. One major difficulty in managing it needs also be properly modified according to the dynamics. It however is very hard to have a prior anticipation to the dynamics. It however is very hard to have a prior anticipation to the modification requirements in practice. We introduce a process adaptation model and a use of intelligent agent technology. An agent is delegated to modify process definitions during run-time. A method of agent implementation and a proper communication scheme among te agents are proposed. Also developed in this research is a STEP-based content search system which can co-work with the agents by providing relevant product information that the agents require.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2016

The interspecific estimation for tolerance capacities of upland crop species to excessive soil water stress in paddy field is significant in agricultural practices. Most of upland crops can be damaged by either excessive soil water or capillary rise of the water table during rainy season in paddy fields. The major objective of this study was to evaluate water stress of upland crops under different drainage classes in converted paddy field. This experiment was carried out in poorly drained soil (PDS) and imperfectly drained soil (IDS) of alluvial sloping area located at Toero-ri, Bubuk-myeon, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. The soil was Gagog series, which was a member of the fine silty, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Aeric Endoaquepts (Low Humic-Gley soils). Two drainage methods, namely under Open ditch drainage methods (ODM) and, Closed pipe drainage methods (PDM) were installed within 1-m position at the lower edge of the upper paddy fields. The results showed that sum of excess water days ($SWD_{30}$), which was used to represent the moisture stress index, was 42 days (the lowest) in the PDM compared with 110 days in the ODM. Most of upland crops were more susceptible to excessive soil water during panicle initial stage on more PDS than on IDS. Yield of upland crops in the PDM was continuously increased by the rate of 15.1% on sorghum, 15.4% foxtail millet, 53.6% proso millet, 49.6% soybean and 47.9% adzuki bean as compared in the ODM. The capacity for tolerance by excessive soil water based on yield of each upland crop in the poorly drained sloping paddy fields was the order of sorghum, soybean, foxtail millet, proso millet and adzuki bean. Therefore, Sorghum is relatively tolerant to excessive soil water conditions and, may be grown successfully in converted paddy field.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2019

5쌍의 Bi₂Te₃계 p-n 가압소결체 열전레그들로 구성되어 있으며 상하부 기판이 없고 내부는 polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)로 충진되어 있는 신축열전모듈을 형성하고, 이의 신축특성과 발전특성을 분석하였다. 신축열전모듈에 변형률 0~0.1 범위의 신축변형 싸이클을 10회 인가하여도 모듈의 integrity가 잘 유지되었으며, 인장변형률이 0.2로 증가시 Cu 전극과 열전레그 사이의 접합부 파단에 의해 모듈이 open 되었다. 신축열전모듈은 열전레그 양단간의 온도차가 2.2 K일 때 4.6 mV의 open circuit 전압을 나타내었으며, 변형률 0~0.1 범위의 인장변형에 의한 open circuit 전압의 변화는 5% 미만이었다. 신축열전모듈은 0.1의 변형률로 인장된 상태에서 레그 양단간 온도차 2.2 K에 의해 18.5 ㎼의 최대발전출력을 나타내었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2006

통계적 데이터를 이용하여 모양 변이가 가능한 능동모양모델(Active Shape Model, ASM)은 이차원 영상의 분할 및 인식에 성공적으로 사용되고 있다. 삼차원 모델 기반 기법은 객체 경계의 인식 및 묘사(delineating)를 위한 더욱 현실적인 모양 억제력(constraint)을 갖는다는 점에서 이차원 모델 기반 기법에 비해 좋은 결과를 가져온다. 그러나 삼차원 모델 기반 기법을 위해서는 분할된 객체들의 집합인 훈련(training) 데이터로부터 삼차원 모양모델을 생성하는 것이 가장 중요하고 필수적인 단계이며, 현재까지도 커다란 도전 과제로 남아있다. 삼차원 모양모델 생성에서 가장 중요한 단계는 포인트 분산모델(PDM)을 생성하는 것이다. PDM 생성을 위해서는 상응하는 특징점(landmark)을 모든 훈련 데이터의 대응하는 위치에서 선택해야 한다. 그러나 현재까지 많이 사용되는 특징점의 수동 선택 기법은 시간이 많이 소비되며, 많은 오류를 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 삼차원 통계적 모양모델의 생성을 위한 새로운 자동 기법을 제안한다. 주어진 삼차원 훈련 모양 데이터에서, 삼차원 모델은 다음 방법에 의해 생성된다. 1) 훈련 모양 데이터의 거리 변환(distance transform)으로부터 평균(mean) 모양 생성, 2) 평균 모양에서 자동적으로 특징점을 선택하기 위한 사면체(tetrahedron) 기법 사용, 3) 거리 표식(distance labeling) 기법을 통한 각 훈련 모양에서 특징점의 전파(propagating). 본 논문에서는 50명의 복부 CT 영상으로부터 간(liver)을 위한 삼차원 모델을 생성하고, 평가를 위i괘 정확성과 밀집도(compactness)를 조사한다. 기존의 삼차원 모델 생성 기법들은 객체의 모양과 기하학적 및 위상학적으로 심각한 제한을 갖지만, 본 논문에서 제안한 기법은 위와 같은 제한 없이 어느 데이터 집합에도 적용할 수 있다.3mW이며, 시제품 ADC의 칩 면적은 $0.47mm^2$ 이다. 각각 56dB, 65dB이고, 전력 소모는 1.2V 전원 전압에서 각각 4.8mW, 2.4mW이며 제작된 ADC의 칩 면적은 $0.8mm^2$이다.quential scan) 알고리즘과 성능을 비교한다. 실험결과, 제안된 알고리즘은 순차 검색에 비하여 최대 13.2배까지 성능이 향상되었으며, 인덱스의 개수 k가 증가함에 따라 검색 성능도 함께 증가하였다.라서 보다 안전성과 효율성이 뛰어난 2차 대사물질을 찾아내는 연구와 아울러 방제기능이 있는 물질의 생합성경로를 구명하고 대사공학적으로 이용하므로 병해충에 저항성이 있고 잡초 방제효과를 갖는 형질전환 식물을 육성하는 연구가 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.{\sim}83.8%$ 범위(範圍)를 차지 하였다. 5) 칼슘 섭취량(攝取量)은 권장량 500 mg 에 비(比)하여 양구지역(楊口地域) 아동(兒童)이 $282.4{\sim}355.0mg$이었고 여주지역(麗州地域) 아동(兒童)이 $284.6{\sim}429.0mg$ 이었다. 6) 철(鐵) 섭취량(攝取量)은 권장량 10mg에 비(比)하여 양구지역(楊口地域) 아동(兒童)이 $6.0{\sim}12.1mg$ 범위(範圍)이었고 여주지역(麗州地域) 아동(兒童)이 $6.4{\sim}16.7mg$ 범위(範圍)로 상당수의 아동(兒童)이 권장량에 미달(未達) 되었다. 7) 비터민 A 섭취량(攝取量)은 양구지역(楊口地域)이 $703.4{\sim}1495.6\;IU$ 범위(範圍)이었고 여주지역(麗州地域) 아동(兒童)이 $750.5{\sim}1521.2\;IU$ 범위(範圍)로서 ${\beta}-carotene$으로서의 권장량 5100 I.U,에 비(比)하여 매우 부족되었다

• 토지주택연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.189-200
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• 2017

The work breakdown structure and the precedence relations by work activity are very important because they are the basic data for estimating the construction duration in the construction work. However, there is no standard to accurately estimate the construction duration since the size of the school facilities construction is smaller than the general construction work. Therefore, some schools are unable to open in March or September and the delay of the construction duration can cause damage to the students. To solve this problem, this study developed a work breakdown structure of school facilities construction work and analyzed the precedence relations by work activities. The work breakdown structure of the school facilities construction is composed of three steps. The operations corresponding to level 1 and level 2 are as follows. (1) 2 preparatory work categories; preparation period and temporary construction. (2) 17 architectural work categories; temporary construction, foundation & pile work, reinforced concrete work, steel roof work, brick work, plaster work, tile work, stone work, waterproof construction, wood work, interior construction, floor work, metal work, roof work, windows construction, glazing work and paint construction. (3) 7 mechanic and fire work categories; outside trunk line work, plumbing work, air-conditioning equipment work, machine room work, city gas plumbing work, sanitation facilities and inspection & test working. (4) 4 civil work categories; wastewater work, drainage work, pavement work and other work. (5) 1 landscaping work categories; planting work. The work breakdown structure was derived from interviews with experts based on the milestones and detailed statements of existing school facilities. The analysis of precedence relations by school facilities work activity utilized PDM(Precedence Diagramming Method)which does not need a dummy and the relations were applied using FS(Finish to Start), FF(Finish to Finish), SS(Start to Start), SF(Start to Finish). The analysis of this study shows that if one work activity is delayed, the entire construction duration may be delayed because the majority of the works are FS relations. Therefore, it is necessary to use the Lag at the appropriate time to estimate the standard construction duration of the school facility construction. Lag is a term used only in the PDM method and it is used to define the relationship between the predecessor and the successor in creating the network milestone. And it means the delay time applied to the two work activities. The results of this study can reasonably estimate the standard construction duration of school facilities and it will contribute to the quality of the school facilities construction.