• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.24-34
• /
• 2007

Closed-loop active twist control of integral helicopter rotor blades is investigated in this paper for reducing hub vibration induced in forward flight. A four-bladed fully articulated integral twist-actuated rotor system has been designed and tested successfully in wind tunnel in open-loop actuation. The integral twist deformation of the blades is generated using active fiber composite actuators embedded in the composite blade construction. An analytical framework is developed to examine integrally twisted helicopter blades and their aeroelastic behavior during different flight conditions. This aeroelastic model stems from a three-dimensional electroelastic beam formulation with geometrical-exactness, and is coupled with finite-state dynamic inflow aerodynamics. A system identification methodology that assumes a linear periodic system is adopted to estimate the harmonic transfer function of the rotor system. A vibration minimizing controller is designed based on this result, which implements a classical disturbance rejection algorithm with some modifications. Using the established analytical framework, the closed-loop controller is numerically simulated and the hub vibratory load reduction capability is demonstrated.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
• /
• 제55권6호
• /
• pp.255-258
• /
• 2006

We investigated the operating characteristics of the hybrid-type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) according to the inductance of secondary windings. The hybrid type SFCL consists of a transformer that has a primary winding and a secondary winding with serially connected $YBa_2Cu_3O_7$ (YBCO) films. The resistive-type SFCL has difficulty when it comes to raising the capacity of the SFCL due to slight differences of critical current densities between units and structure of the SFCL. The hybrid-type SFCL with closed-loop is able to achieve capacity increase through the electrical isolation and reduction of the inductance of the secondary winding with a superconducting element of the same critical current. On the other hand, the current limiting characteristics were nearly identical in the hybrid-type SFCL with open-loop compared to closed-loop, but quench time was longer than the hybrid-type SFCL with closed-loop. We confirmed that the capacity of the SFCL was increased effectively by the reduced inductance of the secondary winding. In addition, the power burden of the system also could be lowered by reducing the inductance of secondary winding.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2003

Except for a group I intron in trnL-uaa occuring in eubacteria and plastids, group I introns are rarely documented in plastid genomes. Here, we report that a green alga, Caulerpa sertularioides, contains three group IA3 introns in the 16S gene (cpSSU), CS-cpSSU.i1, CS-cpSSU.i2 and CS-cpSSU.i3. Each intron has an open reading frame with LAGLIDADG motifs. CS-cpSSU.i1orf and CS-cpSSU.i3orf occur at Loop 6 in the intron secondary structure and CScpSSU. i2orf at Loop 8. CS-cpSSU.i1orf and CS-cpSSU.i2orf contain both LAGLI-DADG motifs but CS-cpSSU.i3orf has only one. CS-cpSSU.i1 and CS-cpSSU.i2 share the insetion sites and the ORFs at Loop 6 and 8 with CpSSU·1 and CpSSU·2 introns of Chlamydomonas pallidostigmatica (Chlorophyceae). In contrast, CS-cpSSU.i3, containing 28 copies of GAAATAT at Loop 6, is a novel intron found only in Caulerpa sertularioides. Possible scenarios of the evolution of the three introns and their possible use in systematic research are discussed.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
• /
• pp.240-243
• /
• 2001

This paper presents the digital controller using variable gain for single-phase power factor correction (PFC) converter. Generally, the gain of inner current control loop in single-stage PFC converter has a constant magnitude. This is why input current is distorted under low input voltage. In particular, a digital controller has more time delay than an analog controller which degrades characteristics of control loop. So, it causes the problem that the gain of current control loop isn't increased enough. In addition, the oscillation happens in the peak value of the input voltage open loop PFC system gain changes according to ac input voltage. These aspects make the design of the digital PFC controller difficult. In this paper, the improved digital control method for single-phase power factor converter is presented. The variable gain according to input voltage and input current help to improve current shape. The 800W converter is manufactured to verify the proposed control method.

• 전력전자학회논문지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.457-464
• /
• 2016

This study proposes a bi-directional buck-boost converter controller design method for ESS using the MATLAB SISO tool. The conventional two-loop controller design is based on a continuous S-domain model that designs each controller independently. The demerit of the conventional method is that optimal performance is not easily achieved and extensive trials and errors are required because two-loop systems interact with one another. Using the MATLAB SISO tool based on the design method proposed in this work overcomes the disadvantages of the conventional method. In the proposed method, the SISO tool can select the location of the poles and zeroes of the open loop system, thereby facilitating the effective design of a high-performance controller. The design sequence is detailed systematically, and the performance of the method is verified with a computer simulation and 10 kW experimental system.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.1038-1046
• /
• 2014

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in hybrid and pure electric vehicles. State-of-charge (SOC) estimation is a fundamental issue in vehicle power train control and battery management systems. This study proposes a novel model-based SOC estimation method that applies closed-loop state observer theory and a comprehensive battery model. The state-space model of lithium-ion battery is developed based on a three-order resistor-capacitor equivalent circuit model. The least square algorithm is used to identify model parameters. A multi-state closed-loop state observer is designed to predict the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of a battery based on the battery state-space model. Battery SOC can then be estimated based on the corresponding relationship between battery OCV and SOC. Finally, practical driving tests that use two types of typical driving cycle are performed to verify the proposed SOC estimation method. Test results prove that the proposed estimation method is reasonably accurate and exhibits accuracy in estimating SOC within 2% under different driving cycles.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제16권10호
• /
• pp.981-991
• /
• 1991

LQG의 강인성 증진을 위하여 제안된 LGQ/LTR방법은 비 최소위상 플랜트에 대하여 적용할 수 없는 이론적 제한성을 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 비 최소위상 플랜트에 대해서도 적용될 수 있는 세 단계로 구성된 새로운 LQG/LTR방법을 제안한다. 첫번째 단계로 주어진 비 최소위상 플랜트를 최소위상 플랜트로 근사화 시키기 위한 부가적인 feed-forward 보상기를 설계하며 다음 단계에서 전개사양에 맞도록 근사화된 비 최소위상 플랜트에 대하여 목표 루우프를 설계한다. 마지막 단계로 개루우프의 전달함수가 목표 루우프로 회복시키는 LTR을 설계한다. 제안된 방법이 비 최소위상 플랜트에 대한 제약을 해결할 수 있음을 시뮬레이션 예제를 통하여 보인다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.273-278
• /
• 2000

The hybrid heat pump system of the air to air and / or air to water was composed and its COP was analyzed with the ambient temperature on the opened and closed loop system respectively. The results be indicated by the equation(7) that the COP(Coefficient of Performance) of air-source(air to air and / or air-water) heat pump is effected with the ambient air temperature and AVACTHE.(Automatic Variable Area Capillary Type Heat Exchanger) 2. The COP of air-to-water heat pump without AVACTHE decreased in accordance with the ambient temperature decrease, however in case of the heat pump with AVACTHE the COP was maintained at 2.8∼3.0 level when the ambient temperature decrease from -$5^{\circ}C$ to $-11^{\circ}C$. 3. The COP of the air-to-water heat pump operated on the open loop was higher 40∼58% than that of the heat pump operated on the close loop. 4. The lower ambient temperature air effect on the COP of the air-to-air heat pump operated on the semi closed loop could be controlled using the AVACTHE, and at the high ambient air temperature the COP increased using the Bypass circuit.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.91-107
• /
• 2003

Since DBA(Design Basis Accidents) has been studied rather separately from SA(Severe Accidents) in the conventional nuclear reactor safety analysis, the thermal hydraulics during transition between DBA and SA has not been identified so much as each accident itself. Thus, in this study, the thermal hydraulic behavior from DBA to the commencement of SA has been experimentally and analytically investigated for the long-term cooling phase of LB-LOCA(Large-Break Loss-of-Coolant Accident). Experiments were conducted for both cases of the loop seal open and closed in an integral test loop, named as SNUF (Seoul National University Facility), which was scaled down to l/6.4 in length and 1/178 in area of the APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor 1400MWe). The core mixture level was a main measured value since it took major role in the fuel heat-up rate, the location of fuel melting initiation and the channel blockage by melting material during SA. Experimental results were compared to MAAP4.03 to assess its model of calculating the core mixture level. MAAP4.03 overestimates the core two- phase mixture level because sweep-out and spill-over and the measures to simulate the status of loop seal are not included, which is against the conservatism. Thus, it is recommended that MAAP4.03 should be improved to simulate the thermal hydraulic phenomena, such as sweep-out, spill-over and the status of loop seal.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.215-226
• /
• 2005

루프 불변 코드 이동(loop invariant code motion, LICM) 컴파일러 최적화는 비교적 많은 분석 작업을 필요로 하기 때문에 컴파일 시간이 수행 시간의 일부가 되는 자바 적시(Just-In-Time) 컴파일러에는 사용하기 쉽지 않다. "전통적인" LICM 기법에서는 보통 코드를 분석하여 레지스터의 정의-사용체인과 사용-정의 체인을 미리 만든 뒤 이를 바탕으로 코드 이동을 수행하는 데, 본 논문은 자바 가상 머신(Java virtual machine)이 스택 머신 (stack machine)이라서 좀 더 단순한 코드 형태를 생성한다는 특징을 이용하여 정의-사용 체인을 루프 불변 코드에 대해서만 만들고 사용-정의 체인 없이도 정확히 동작하는 알고리즘을 제시한다. 또한 기존의 방식보다 더 많은 루프 불변 코드 이동을 하게 하는 두 가지 방법을 제시한다. 우선, 간단하기 때문에 루프에 경로가 하나인 경우만 LICM을 적용하는 기존의 기법과 달리, 경로가 여러 개인 루프에서도 부분적으로 중복되는 코드에 대해서도 LICM을 안전하게 적용한다. 또한 부분적으로 중복되는 루프 불변 널(null) 포인터 체크 코드도 Itanium의 조건 수행(predication)을 이용하여 이동시키다. 제안된 기법은 Itanium 마이크로프로세서를 위한 인텔의 ORP(Open Runtime Platform) 자바 가상 머신 위의 적시 컴파일러에 구현하였다. SPECjvm98 벤치마크에 대해 실험을 수행한 결과 전체 적시 컴파일 시간을 1.3％ 정도만을 증가시켰지만 전체 수행 시간을 기하 평균으로 2.2％ 향상 시켰다.