• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.733-762
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• 2016

Based on a reduced displacement field, a layer-wise (LW) formulation is developed for analysis of thick shell panels which is subjected to axial tension. Employing the principle of minimum total potential energy, the local governing equations of thick panel which is subjected to axial extension are obtained. An analytical method is developed for solution of the governing equations for various edge conditions. The governing equations are solved for free and simply supported edge conditions. The interlaminar stresses in the panel are investigated by means of Hooke's law and also by means of integration of the equilibrium equations of elasticity. Dependency of the result upon the number of numerical layers in the layerwise theory (LWT) is studied. The accuracy of the numerical results is validated by comparison with the results of the finite element method and with other available results in the open literature and good agreement is seen between the results. Numerical results are then presented for the distribution of interlaminar normal and shear stresses within the symmetric and un-symmetric cross-ply thick panels with free and simply supported boundaries. The effects of the geometrical parameters such as radius to thickness and width to thickness ratio are investigated on the distribution of the interlaminar stresses in thick panels.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.198-206
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• 1996

Using eighteen text materials from various goners of present-day Japanese, we collected phonologically reduced forms frequently observed in conversational Japanese, and classified them in search of unified explanation of phonological reduction phenomena. We found 7,516 cases of reduced forms which we divided into 43 categories according to the types of phonological changes they have undergone. The general tendencies ale that deletion and fusion of a phoneme or an entire syllable takes place frequently, resulting in the decrease in the number of syllable. Typical examples frequently observed throughout the materials are : $~/noda/{\rightarrow}~/nda/,{\;}-/teiru/{\rightarrow}~/teru/,{\;}~/dewa/{\rightarrow}~/zja/,{\;}~/tesimau/{\rightarrow}~/cjau/$. From morphosyntactic point of view phonological reduction often occurs at the NP and VP morpheme boundaries. The following findings are drawn from phonological observations of reduction. (1) Vowels are more easily deleted than consonants. (2) Bilabials(/m/, /b/, and /w/ are the most likely candidates for deletion. (3) In a concatenation of vowels, closed vowels are absorbed into open vowels, or two adjacent vowels come to create another vowel, in which case reconstruction of the original sequence is not always predictable. (4) Alveolars are palatalized under the influence of front vowels. (5) Regressive assimilation takes place in a syllable starting with ill, changing the entire syllable into phonological choked sound or a syllabic nasal, depending on the voicing of following phoneme.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.249-256
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• 1998

결정입자 크기와 광물구성 분포가 른 포천화강암, 거창화강암, 상주화강암을 실험 대상으로 선택하여 $600^{\circ}C$까지 예열처리하였다. 예열에 따른 열균열의 발생 정도를 조사하기 위하여 연마편에 대한 반사현미경 관찰을 실시하였으며, 예열시험편의 변형거동에 열균열이 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 단축압축시험을 수행하였다. 현미경 관찰 결과에 의하면 암종에 관계없이 $600^{\circ}C$예열시험편의 결정 경계부에서는 대부분 경계균열이 발생하였으며, 많은 결정입자에서 입자 내 균열고 관찰되었다. 특히, 입자 내 균열은 거창화강암과 포천화강암에서 현저히 많은 것으로 나타났다. 예열시험편에 대한 단축압축시험 결과 일정한 응력수준까지 음의 횡변형율이 발생하는 비정상적인 변형거동이 나타났으며 이로 인해 음의 포아송비기 발생하였다. 음의 횡변형율은 예열시험편의 냉각과정동안 결정입자의 유발된 잔류응력에 의해 발생하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.56-65
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• 2012

Functional materials are often exposed to high temperatures and inherent temperature gradients. These temperature gradients act as thermodynamic driving forces for the diffusion of mobile components. The detailed consequences of thermodiffusion depend on the boundary conditions of the non-isothermal sample: Once the boundaries of the sample are inert and closed for exchange of the mobile components, thermodiffusion leads to their pile-up in the stationary state (the so called Soret effect). Once the system is open for an exchange of the mobile component, chemical diffusion adds to the Soret effect, and stationary non-zero component fluxes are additionally observed in the stationary state. In this review, the essential aspects of thermodiffusion and Soret effect in inorganic functional materials are briefly summarized and our current practical knowledge is reviewed. Major examples include nonstoichiometric binary compounds (oxides and other chalcogenides) and ternary solid solutions. The potential influence of the Soret effect on the long term stability of high temperature thermoelectrics is briefly discussed. Typical Soret coefficients for nonstoichiometric compounds are found to be of the order of (d${\delta}$/dT) ${\approx}$ 1%/K.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.637-649
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• 2020

An ideal 3D primitive equation model is implemented to investigate upper ocean response to typhoons, focusing on rightward bias (RWB) which means an appearance of an intensified sea surface cooling to the right side of the typhoon track. The model has 26-stratified levels and a flat bottom (1000 m), covering a rectangular domain of about 3,060 km×3,300 km with four open boundaries. The sea water is forced by an atmospheric pressure and a gradient wind of the typhoon. The model well reproduces the RWB in previous observations and theoretical analyses. For the fast moving typhoon (FMT) (-8m/sec), the model shows that in the mixed layer (ML), the RWB in the SST noticeably appears clearly illustrating the coupling between inertial motion and wind stress, but in the subsurface layer (-100m), the RWB does not emerge since a cyclonic current field (CCF) caused by wind stress curl is primarily dominant. For the slowly moving typhoon (SMT) (-3m/sec), however, the RWB does not emerge because the coupling is weakened and the CCF is rather predominant even in the ML. In the model, we conclude that the RWB noticeably emerges in the FMT but does not emerge in the SMT related to predominance of CCF.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.501-512
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• 2018

We propose Sequential Patient Recruitment Monitoring (SPRM), a new monitoring procedure for patient recruitment in a clinical trial. Based on the sequential probability ratio test using improved stopping boundaries by Woodroofe, the method allows for continuous monitoring of the rate of enrollment. It gives an early warning when the recruitment is unlikely to achieve the target enrollment. The packet data approach combined with the Central Limit Theorem makes the method robust to the distribution of the recruitment entry pattern. A straightforward application of the counting process framework can be used to estimate the probability to achieve the target enrollment under the assumption that the current trend continues. The required extension of the recruitment period can also be derived for a given confidence level. SPRM is a new, continuous patient recruitment monitoring tool that provides an opportunity for corrective action in a timely manner. It is suitable for the modern, centralized data management environment and requires minimal effort to maintain. We illustrate this method using real data from two well-known, multicenter, phase III clinical trials.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.707-717
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 직선 개수로 내에 설치된 수제 모형 주위에서 발생하는 난류 흐름의 특성을 알아보기 위하여 수리모형실험을 수행하였다. 실험은 Froude 수가 0.100과 0.185인 두 가지 흐름 조건에서 이루어졌다. 시간평균유속과 난류 응력을 구하기 위하여 초음파 유속계를 이용하여 3차원 순간 유속을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 수제 하류에서 난류 응력이 큰 재순환 영역이 존재하는 것으로 확인하였다. Froude 수가 큰 경우와 작은 경우의 전반적인 평균 유속 분포는 유사하게 나타났으나, 최대 무차원 난류 응력과 최대 무차원 바닥 전단응력은 Froude 수가 증가할수록 차이를 보였다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2000년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.47-53
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• 2000

Saemangeum coastal area is being constructed the 33km sea dike and 40,000ha reclamation area. The purpose of this study is to find the residual circulations in spring before and after the dike construction by a robust diagnostic and prognostic numerical model. Heat flux at the sea surface in May was adopted on the basis of the daily inflow of solar radiation at the earth surface, assuming an average atmospheric transmission and no clouds, as a function of latitude and time of year(George L.P.,J. E. William,1990). The discharge from the Geum, the Mankyung and the Dongjin rivers was adopted on the basis of experience formula of river flow in May(The M. of C.,Korea, 1993). Water temperature and salinity along the open boundaries are obtained from the results of field observations. The results of spring of the residual flow in the Saemangeum coastal area by a prognostic numerical model lead to the following conclusions: Water temperature in spring is the highest, salinity is the lowest and density is the lowest at the upper layer near the coast after the dike construction. The flow pattern at the upper layer during spring is anti-clockwise circulation between Wi and Shinsi islands. The flow pattern at the lower layer is clockwise circulation between Wi and Shinsi islands.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.77-96
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• 1999

Since the onset of its economic reform and the open door policy in the late 1970s, China's overall economic growth rate has been continuing about 10% per year. The marine sector is not allowed exception, aquatic products increased sharply from 4.66 million MT in 1978 to 36.02 million MT in 1997, and then China is remained the largest producing country in the world aquatic market and her role would be expanded. Korea having a common boundaries to China is subjected unescapably both in domestic and export markets by the influence of the remarkable growth of China's aquatic products. If China were admitted entrance of WTO(World Trade Organization)in the near future, her influence is getting more serious. Well, we are necessary to understand the characteristics of China's aquatic products and to review fishery policies implemented by the China government. This paper is organized into two major parts, the one includes the structural changes of aquatic products, fishing and cultivating in the coast, latent and estimated production in China, and the other includes the main contents of fishery policies and measures of government administration. A characteristic of China's aquatic products is that cultivated production, especially, shellfish outputs continues to rapid increase. The major means of administration are an execution of fishing license system and setting up no-fishing zone and closed season for fishery. China is no longer a marginal player in international economic and world aquatic market. So, we will not only understand China's aquatic conditions and problems, but will also see the usefulness in continuing the cooperative relationship for a long time to come.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.805-819
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• 2011

In contemporary society, heterotopia is the law dominates thoughts and is the concept reconstituted spaces calls order in chaos. And that is the place which refuses the paradoxical and social custom and sometimes poses a danger and rise in rebel. The purpose of this study is to study how forms of clothing fluid form images are expressed in modern fashion develop body around in the spatial relationship between the body and its environment. The study method consider changed characterastics of fluid space through the heterotopia thinking system of Foucault Michel. Based on this method, the heterotopia space that appeared in the plastic arts in aspects of artistic significance and aesthetic value was examined. Based on the above discussion on modern fashion Fluid Form were expressed in any formative characteristics were considered. The results of this study are as follows. Fluidity is the transformed interaction. It expanded external representation of organic body structure and reconstructed flexible forms of dynamic structures continuously. Transformation is the new space structure. It constructed invisible transformation and developed convertible dress space by combining a variety of functional overlap and fold. Deconstruction was expressed structural forms, expanding the existing forms in the open structure which have ambiguous boundaries.