• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.33-47
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• 2019

Objectives : To review the meaning of Open-Close-Pivot and its transition over time. Methods : Annotations and explanations in chapters where the theory of Open-Close-Pivot originated from in the "Suwen(素問)" and "Lingshu(靈樞)" were examined, followed by philological examination of key physicians. Results & Conclusions : Yang Shang Shan(楊上善) compared the 'Open-Close-Pivot' to a door. Wang Bing(王冰) explained it's movement and stillness to be the principle behind the Three-Yin-Three-Yang's threefold division. Wang Ji(汪機), in "XuSuwenChao(續素問鈔)" explained its physiological function as the entering and exiting of Ying Wei(營衛), and its scope to be exterior, interior, and center. Ma Shi(馬蒔) stratified it similar to "Shanghanlun(傷寒論)"'s six stages, while Wu Kun(吳崑) categorized Shaoyang(少陽) as being in-between exterior and interior. Zhang Jing Yue(張景岳) suggested a standard for the entering-exiting and exterior-interior-center concepts of the Open-Close-Pivot. Zhang Zhi Cong(張志聰) argued a theory of Open-Close-Pivot that emphasized the meaning of Three-Yin-Three-Yang, while Gao Shi Zong(高士宗) explained the relationship between Open, Close, Pivot and the functioning process. Shi Shou Tang(石壽棠) explained the physiology and pathology in the actions among Open-Close-Pivot with a focus on Pivot. Ke Qin(柯琴) applied Open-Close-Pivot to "Shanghanlun(傷寒論)" and used it as the basic principle to the Six Channel Ground Theory(六經地面說), also clinically applying it in the identification and treatment of the Six Channel patterns. Conclusions : Counting based word embedding methods seems to be more effective than.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.212-218
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• 2024

Background: Rotator cuff tears commonly cause shoulder pain and functional impairment, prompting surgical intervention such as mini-open and arthroscopic methods, each with distinct benefits. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and complications of these two approaches. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 165 patients who underwent rotator cuff repair using either arthroscopic-assisted mini-open or full arthroscopic approaches. Patient demographics, tear characteristics, clinical outcomes, and complications were assessed, with statistical analyses conducted to discern differences between the groups. Results: Among the patients, 74 (53.2%) received the mini-open approach, while 65 (46.8%) underwent arthroscopic repair, with a mean follow-up of 19.91 months. The mini-open group exhibited significantly higher postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores compared to the arthroscopic group (P=0.002). Additionally, the mini-open group demonstrated a more significant improvement in ASES scores from preoperative to postoperative assessments (P=0.001). However, the arthroscopic method had a significantly longer operative time (P<0.001). Complications, including anchor placement issues, frozen shoulder, infection, and re-rupture, occurred in 17.3% of patients overall. Re-rupture rates were 13.5% for mini-open and 6.2% for full arthroscopic repair, with no significant difference between the two methods (P=0.317). Conclusions: Both the mini-open and arthroscopic methods yielded favorable clinical outcomes for rotator cuff tear treatment, but the mini-open group exhibited superior results. Surgeons should consider patient characteristics, tear attributes, and surgical expertise when selecting the appropriate technique.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

Recently, the necessity of open spaces is increased greatly in the city. But in many reasons, open spaces are diminishing gradually in the existing cities. It is more difficult to keep that space because of expensive land price, and the interests between the neighbors. To solve this problem, the local governments tries to change the street system more convenient to the pedestrian by adapting no vechile street system during some specific time. In this point of view, the street which include fence of school, house, and apartment can be the open space. Especially, removal of the school fence can be a useful solution providing open spaces to small cities suffering from lack of open spaces. In this researching background, several schools in Wonju were selected in this research, some has already been opened, and others yet. Opinions of students, presidents of these schools, and citizens are surveyed about removal of fence. In the basis of this result, we deduce problems followed by removing the fence, and reflect it in the plan of opening the fence to present the guidance to cross over the functional limitation of the fence and use it as a open space.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.318-328
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• 2012

Objective: To assess the position and movements of the hyoid bone during deglutition in patients with open bite. Methods: Thirty-six subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of anterior open bite. The open bite group (OBG) and control group each comprised 18 patients with a mean overbite of $-4.9{\pm}1.9$ mm and $1.9{\pm}0.7$ mm. The position of the hyoid bone during the 4 stages of deglutition was evaluated by measuring vertical and horizontal movement of the bone. Results: Interactions of group and stage showed no significant effect on the measurements (p > 0.05). However, when group and stage were evaluated individually, they showed significant effects on the measurements (p < 0.001). In OBG, the hyoid bone was more inferiorly and posteriorly positioned, and this position continued during the deglutition stages. Conclusions: The hyoid bone reaches the maximum anterior position at the oral stage and maximum superior position at the pharyngeal stage during deglutition. Open bite does not change the displacement pattern of the bone during deglutition. The hyoid bone is positioned more inferiorly and posteriorly in patients with open bite because of released tension on the suprahyoid muscles.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.25 no.B
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• pp.19-25
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• 2005

To use land more efficiently under urbanization trend, Kangwon Province often covers open channels of creeks and uses them as parking lots or roads. A covered open channel section tends to form a rectangular culvert. Therefore, a creek with covered open channels can function as a storm drain. At the time of light rainfall, there are no significant differences except water flowing pattern between a creek with a covered open channel and a creek without it. Recently, however, the frequent occurrence of heavy rainfalls limited at a small, definite area has become problematic. When the heavy rainfall causes the carrying capacity of a creek to be exceeded,the creek with covered open channel has a more serious problem than the creek without it has. Therefore, we made an interpretation of data and conducted hydraulic model experiment to come up with economical solution to this problem.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.477-496
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• 2014

Purpose: This paper has examined the impact of open innovation business model in technology commercialization with the data from 30 companies of manufacturing firms in South Korea. Methods: The findings provide support for distinguishing five hypotheses relating to development time, IP management, sales, firm size and R&D intensity. To test the hypotheses, data were collected using via e-mail and fax. Small and medium-sized (less than 300 employees) and large industrial firms were chosen for this study. Results: The result shows that openness in its business model is positively associated with successful technology commercialization. Conclusion: The major findings and the implications are: First, as the business model gets more open, development period of technology will be more favorable which gets benefit from rising costs of innovation. Second, as the business model gets more open, large portion of sales are created from new products. Thus, the problem of shorter product life in the market which affects large portion of market revenue can be solved through an open business model. Third, in general, R&D intensity, firm size and the level of IP management affect determination of business model types. The findings also suggest that companies need to increasingly address their external technology exploitation process instead of focusing on their internal innovation processes.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.270-276
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• 2018

Apache Spark is one of the high performance in-memory computing frameworks for big-data processing. Recently, to improve the performance, general-purpose computing on graphics processing unit(GPGPU) is adapted to Apache Spark framework. Previous Spark-GPGPU frameworks focus on overcoming the difficulty of an implementation resulting from the difference between the computation environment of GPGPU and Spark framework. In this paper, we propose a Spark framework based on a heterogenous pipeline computing with OpenCL to further improve the performance. The proposed framework overlaps the Java-to-Native memory copies of CPU with CPU-GPU communications(DMA) and GPU kernel computations to hide the CPU idle time. Also, CPU-GPU communication buffers are implemented with switching dual buffers, which reduce the mapped memory region resulting in decreasing memory mapping overhead. Experimental results showed that the proposed Spark framework based on a heterogenous pipeline computing with OpenCL had up to 2.13 times faster than the previous Spark framework using OpenCL.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.792-801
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• 2010

In this paper, we introduce a novel scene graph library for mobile platforms, called the 'Mobile OpenSceneGraph (Mobile OSG)', as a mobile graphics middleware. Our mobile scene graph library supports several nice properties, including platform-independence, extensibility, touch-based UI supports, and compatibility, by carefully adapting the OpenSceneGraph library, one of the most widely used graphics middlewares for desktop platforms, to mobile platforms. We validate the usefulness of the proposed library for mobiles with the several experimental results including real-time rendering, camera manipulations with a touch-based UI, and animations with switching geometric nodes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.42-48
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• 1990

In this paper robust test generation for stuck-open faults in CMOS circuits is proposed. By obtaining initialization patterns and test patterns using the relationship of bit position and Hamming weight among input vectors for CMOS circuit test generation time for stuck-open faults can be reduced, and the problem of input transition skew which make fault detection difficult is solved, and the number of test sequences are minimized. Also the number of test sequences is reduced by arranging test sequences using Hamming distance between initialization patterns and test patterns for circuit.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1193-1198
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• 2022

As unmanned processing systems emerged socially due to the rapid development of modern society, a face recognition attendance management system using Raspberry Pi 4 was studied and conceived to automatically analyze and process images and produce meaningful results using OpenCV. Based on Raspberry Pi 4, the software is designed with Python 3 and consists of technologies such as OpenCV, Haarcascade, Kakao API, and Google Drive, which are open sources, and can communicate with users in real time through Kakao API for face registration and face recognition.