• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.102-106
• /
• 2011

Objective : Although there are several explanations for a duplicated middle cerebral artery (DMCA), its embryological origin is still an open question. We reviewed these anomalous vessels to postulate a theory of their different origins, sizes, and courses. Methods : A retrospective review of 1,250 cerebral angiographies, 1,452 computed tomography (CT)-angiographies, and 2,527 magnetic resonance (MR)-angiographies was performed to identify patients with DMCA. Results : Twenty-five patients had 25 DMCAs. Conventional angiography detected nine patients with DMCA (9/1250, 0.72%), MR-angiography detected seven patients with DMCA 0.28%), and CT-angiography detected nine patients with DMCA (9/1452, 0.62%). The DMCAs originated near the internal carotid artery terminal in eight patients (type A), and between the origin of the anterior choroidal artery and the terminal internal carotid artery in 17 patients (type B). The diameters of the eight type A DMCAs were the same or slightly smaller than those of the other branch of the DMCA. All type A DMCAs showed a course parallel to that of the other branch of the DMCA. The diameters of the 17 type B DMCAs were the same, slightly smaller, or very much smaller than that of the other branch of the DMCA. Nine type B DMCAs showed parallel courses, and the other eight curved toward the temporal lobe. Conclusion : The two branches of the type A DMCAs can be regarded as early bifurcations of the MCA. The branches of the type B DMCAs had parallel courses or a course that curved toward the temporal lobe. The type B DMCA can be regarded as direct bifurcations of the MCA trunk or the early ramification of the temporal branch of the MCA.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2013

According to current digital and information society, architecture related departments in universities give and educate computer courses to train top-level human resources suiting the needs of the time. The aim of this study is to curriculum of architecture related departments and to use the references for curriculum organization by understanding computer courses for architecture related departments. The results are as follows: (1) There are 100 departments (28.2%) in the field of architecture and 130 departments including an academic system that is the most departments. Also, there are 86 departments (39.8%) in the field of architecture engineering and 117 departments including an academic system. There are 77 departments in the field of interior architecture, which contain 48 departments (62.3%) of two- or three-year bachelor course college. (2) Department in the field of architecture opens a program study course in the second year of the program that is the most courses had been opened. First, most departments selected an order of learning a structure/detail construction techniques of architecture and design skills such as a foundation system and expression of the structure by hand in the first grade and processing it using a computer in the second grade. (3) BIM was opened in only three departments of 31 departments surveyed and was opened in a senior class. The reasons of still lack of BIM are the compatibility deficit of partners such as building structure, building equipment, securing lecturer, and still the dominant point of CAD in the field. (4) Six departments of 31 departments surveyed did not open a program study course as a major. That is to say, it is learned in a basic course or basic liberal arts education requirements (information area) of each department, or in an own program of each department. (5) The program study is only a means to create architectural drawings in department of the field of architecture. Thus, we should remember not only the drawing through the program but also drawing up a floor plan after understanding of methods such as constructional methods, detail drawing, and expression.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2005

이 논문에서는 공개 소프트웨어 기반의 e-Learning 시스템을 구축하기 위해, 기존 학습 관리 시스템을 비교 분석하여 무들(Moodle)을 선정하였고 학사관리시스템, 스트리밍서비스 등의 기존 시스템들과 연동 운용함으로써, 공개 소프트웨어 기반 e-Learning 시스템의 현실적 가능성을 보였다. 공개 LMS(Learning Management System)인 무들은 LAMP(Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) 환경을 기반으로 하고 있으며 모듈화 구조를 수용해 사용의 편의성과 확장성을 충분히 제공하고 있다. 또한, 사회적 구성주의 학습 이론을 기반으로 설계, 구현되어 있다는 중요한 장점을 갖고 있다. 개발된 시스템은 대학에서 한 학기 동안 7개 강좌를 혼합 학습 모델로 운영이 되었으며 COLLES(Constructivist On-Line Learning Environment Survey), ATTLS(Attitudes to Thinking and Learning Survey) 설문을 통해 참여자들의 높은 만족도를 확인하였고, 공개 S/W 기반의 안정적 e-Learning 시스템이 가능함을 보였다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.40-56
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to understand the teaching effects after conducting ASI module in the open inquiry activities of the elementary science class. in order to understand the effects of ASI(Authentic Scientific Inquiry) module application using science research notes in open inquiry activities to students' science research ability. The results of this study were as follow. First, the after test results were covariance-analyzed to be the effects to science process skills were statistically significant in 0.5 significance level. Second, in the covariance analysis of the after test of the study group and the comparative group, the effects to scientific creative problem solving skills were statistically significant in 0.5 significance level. Third, the covariance analysis of the after test in the effects of ASI module application using science notebooks to students' scientific attitude revealed that the two groups' average difference was statistically significant in 0.5 significance level. In conclusion, application of the ASI module using science notebooks had a positive effect on improvements of students' science process skills, science creative problem solving ability and scientific attitude. Therefore, the ASI module using science notebooks is hopefully to be provided as an effective instructive strategy in the open inquiry activities courses in school in the future.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제8권7호
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 대학 교수-학습의 주체자인 학생과 교수의 온라인 대중공개강좌(MOOC)에 대한 인식에 기초하여 개발 및 활용 전략을 탐색한 것이다. 대학 구성원 모두 MOOC의 기본 개념인 개방, 공유, 참여에 대해 긍정적으로 인식하였으며, MOOC에 대한 이해와 인식 수준은 학부생과 대학원생이 매우 낮은 반면 교수는 그에 비해 상대적으로 높았다. 대학 교육과정의 혁신과 고유 콘텐츠의 확산 목적의 MOOC이 인문학, 자연과학, 사회과학, 기술공학, 예체능 영역의 강좌가 개발되길 원했다. 대학의 학습 주체자인 학부생들은 MOOC이 교양 교육과정 이수나타분야 기초 학습, 비교과 과정으로 이수할 수 있길 원했고, 평생 학습자인 대학원생은 지역시민의 평생교육 강화를 위해 MOOC이 개발 활용되길 원했다. 고품질 교육의 제공자이자 평생 학습자인 교수는 대학교육의 혁신과 고유 콘텐츠의 확산을 목적으로 해당 전공 과정의 심화학습에 MOOC이 활용되기를 원했다. 앞으로 대학은 다양한 MOOC 개발을 지원하고 이수체계를 정립하여 고도화된 고품질 온라인 교육 서비스를 제공해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.6-20
• /
• 2019

Learning analytics, or educational data mining, is an emerging field that applies data mining methods and tools for the exploitation of data coming from educational environments. Learning management systems, like Moodle, offer large amounts of data concerning students' activity, performance, behavior, and interaction with their peers and their tutors. The analysis of these data can be elaborated to make decisions that will assist stakeholders (students, faculty, and administration) to elevate the learning process in higher education. In this work, the power of Excel is exploited to analyze data in Moodle, utilizing an e-learning course developed for enhancing the information computer technology skills of school teachers in primary and secondary education in Greece. Moodle log files are appropriately manipulated in order to trace daily and weekly activity of the learners concerning distribution of access to resources, forum participation, and quizzes and assignments submission. Learners' activity was visualized for every hour of the day and for every day of the week. The visualization of access to every activity or resource during the course is also obtained. In this fashion teachers can schedule online synchronous lectures or discussions more effectively in order to maximize the learners' participation. Results depict the interest of learners for each structural component, their dedication to the course, their participation in the fora, and how it affects the submission of quizzes and assignments. Instructional designers may take advice and redesign the course according to the popularity of the educational material and learners' dedication. Moreover, the final grade of the learners is predicted according to their previous grades using multiple linear regression and sensitivity analysis. These outcomes can be suitably exploited in order for instructors to improve the design of their courses, faculty to alter their educational methodology, and administration to make decisions that will improve the educational services provided.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘텐츠학회 2006년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.796-800
• /
• 2006

본 논문에서는 프로그래밍 언어 학습에서 기존의 상용 소프트웨어 개발도구를 이용한 교육에서 벗어나 이해와 실습 중심의 학습이 보다 편리하고 효과적으로 진행될 수 있도록 웹 기반 온라인 학습 콘텐츠를 개발하였다. 프로그래밍 언어 학습은 소스코드를 작성하고 컴파일 후 실행시키는 과정을 거치면서 원리를 깨우쳐 가는 것이 일반적이며 대부분 Microsoft사의 통합개발환경(Visual Studio)이나 상용 소프트웨어 패키지를 각각의 실습 PC에 설치해서 수업을 진행하고 있다. 이 방법은 실습하는 모든 PC에 프로그램을 설치해야하고 구입비용이 적지 않으며 프로그램이 설치되어 있지 않은 곳에서의 학습은 어렵다. 이를 해결하기 위해 리눅스서버와 오픈소스 소프트웨어를 활용하여 웹 브라우저 상에서 직접 코드를 입력해서 컴파일하고 결과를 확인할 수 있는 프로그래밍 언어 학습 콘텐츠를 개발하였다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2019

This paper is an overview of key elements of Korea National Open University's smart mobile learning system, and an attempt to evaluate its main services relative to the FRAME model and the Mobile Learning Development Model for distance learning in higher education. KNOU improved its system architecture to one based on xMOOC e-learning content delivery while also upgrading its PC-based online/mobile learning services to facilitate an easier and more convenient access to lectures and for better interactivity. From the users' viewpoint, the upgraded 'U-KNOU Campus' allows for a more integrated search capability coupled with better course recommendations and a customized notification service. Using the new system, the students can access not only the school- and peer-issued messages via online bulletin boards but also share information and pose questions to others including to the school faculty/officials and system administrators. Additionally, a new mobile payment method has been incorporated into the system so that the students can select and pay for additional courses from anywhere. In spite of these advances, the issue of device usability and content development remain; specifically U-KNOU Campus needs to improve its instructor-learner and learner-to-learner interactivity and mobile evaluation interface.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 2007

Background & Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of health behavior and taking courses related with those subjects by college students and analyse the factors that have effect on these issues so that provide a basic material in developing policy and education program that can increase the level of health behavior for them. Methods: A questionnaire was applied 1,500 college students for two months from October 10 to 30, 2007. Results: 1) When viewing the objects of this study as general traits and social economic ratio, 'female' was 59.4%, BMI index of '20-14' was 52.7%, department of natural science was 47/7%, and 'their own house' was 51.0%. 2) When viewing the experience of taking courses related with health by the trait of demography and sociology, 'no' was most high by showing 42.2%, and those of female. under 19 in BMI index, and the department of natural science showed no experience. 3) When viewing satisfaction with college life they showed $3.00{\pm}0.71$, stress level in college life $2.84{\pm}0.41$, the level of health behavior $2.06{\pm}0.65$. 4) When viewing taking courses related with health, stress in college life. and health behavior according to satisfaction with college life they showed $2.06{\pm}0.59$. 5) When viewing the level of health behavior according to demographic and sociological traits, the habit of eating was $2.48{\pm}0.52$ and health care was $2.96{\pm}0.47$. 6) When viewing the effect of factors on health behavior, there were gender, age, residence area, grade, and satisfaction with college life. Conclusion: As we can see from the results above, it is the fact that the students in college are neglecting the subjects related with health owing to short period of education and major based education by the education aim of fostering professional career manpower. Therefore it needs open many culture courses for the subject related with health in college for the students to increase their health level as well as their major, and also there needs combined improvement of college and government system.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.113-123
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 치과위생사에게 요구되는 커뮤니케이션 교육에 관한 임상가와 교육자의 견해를 확인하기 위해 치과의사, 치과위생사, 교수의 초점집단면접을 진행하였고, 각 초점집단의 견해를 해석하고 개념화하여 분석한 결과, '커뮤니케이션 교육시기와 방법', '교과목 표준화와 교육환경', '커뮤니케이션 역량 평가', '커뮤니케이션 교과목에 대한 인식'이라는 4개의 핵심범주와 '교육시기', '교육방법', '임상현장실습', '표준화된 교과목의 부재', '교수역량 향상', '평가방법', '국가고시 도입', '교수와 학생의 태도'라는 8개의 하위범주를 확인하였고 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 임상가 및 교육자 초점집단은 공통적으로 인문사회학적 소양은 대학교육이 선행되어야 한다고 진술하였다. 다만, 치과위생사 초점집단은 임상현장에서의 시행착오적 학습도 효과적인 교육이라고 강조하였다. 교수 초점집단은 대학졸업 이후에도 커뮤니케이션 교육의 연속성을 위해 보수교육이 제공되어야 한다고 강조하였다. 임상가 및 교육자 초점집단은 공통적으로 치과 의료기관에서 발생할 수 있는 환자 불만사례를 적용한 역할극을 요구하였다. 교수 초점집단은 교과목 학습목표와 실습모듈 표준화를 요구하였고, 교육 환경 인프라가 구축되어야 한다고 하였다. 더불어, 커뮤니케이션 교과목 담당 교수의 역량을 강화하기 위한 커뮤니케이션 교과목 연구회가 필요하다고 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 치과위생사의 커뮤니케이션 역량 계발을 위하여 임상현장의 요구에 부응하는 교육개발이 필요함을 확인하였고, 치과위생사 커뮤니케이션 역량강화를 위한 교육의 바람직한 방향을 제안할 수 있는 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.