• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2005

Three-dimensional incompressible flow past an open cavity in a channel is investigated using Detached Eddy Simulation(DES). The length to depth ratio of the cavity is 2 and the Reynolds number defined with the cavity depth is 3,360. The DES methods are based on the Menter's SST model. In the present work, two types of inflow conditions are used: one is RANS profile, the other is LES inflow from another Large Eddy Simulation(LES) of fully developed channel flow. The results are compared with experimental data and LES results in terms of the mean statistics, temporal physics and scalar transport phenomenon of the flow.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.550-553
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• 2008

In this paper, experiments of air-breathing proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for mobile devices were carried out according to the cathode conditions. These conditions are defined by the cathode flow field plate type (the channel type, the open type) and the cathode surface direction. Single cell and 6-cell stack were used in this experiments. The experimental results showed that the open type cathode flow field plate gave better performance for small size PEMFCs because the open type cathode plate allowed better air convection than the channel type cathode plate. In the experiments related to the direction of the slits on the cathode flow field plate, the horizontal slit cell was better than the vertical slit cell. With respect to the cathode surface direction, when the cathode surface is placed in the direction normal to the ground, PEMFC generated more stable power in the mass transport loss region.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.148-152
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• 2005

The three-dimensional incompressible flow past an open cavity in a channel is investigated using Detached Eddy Simulation(DES). The length to depth ratio of the cavity is 2 and the Reynolds number defined with the cavity depth is 3,360. The DES methods are based on the Mentor's SST model. In the present work, two types of inflow conditions are used; one is RANS profile, the other is LES inflow from another Large Eddy Simulation(LES) of fully developed channel flow. The results are compared with experimental data and LES results in terms of the mean statistics and temporal physics of the flow.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.1821-1824
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• 2008

A novel in-mold packaging process has been developed to manufacture devices with closed channels. In this unified process, fabrication of open channels and forming the rigid cover on top of them are sequentially integrated in the same mold. The entire process is comprised of two phases. In the first phase, the open channels are fabricated under an exquisitely controlled temperature and pressure using the conventional micro injection molding technology. In the second phase, the closed channels are fabricated by conducting the injection molding process using the molded structure with the open channels as a mold insert. As a result, the in-mold technology can eliminate the bonding processes such as heating, ultrasonic or chemical processes for cohesion between the channel and the cover, which have been required in conventional methods.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2016

We have designed a three-channel output multiplexer (OMUX) using a band-pass filter and an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna. The proposed band-pass filter is composed of an inner rectangular loop, an outer open stub, and a defected ground structure. The outer open stub can be used to control the pass band, and the inner rectangular loop can improve the insertion loss characteristics of the band-pass filter. The proposed band-pass filter, UWB antenna, and OMUX are fabricated and measured. The designed OMUX can cover the band group 1 (3,168-4,752 MHz) of WiX system. The measured radiation patterns are close to those of a conventional dipole antenna and the measured antenna gain varies from 1.8 dBi to 3 dBi over the operating frequency range.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2021

This paper presents a direct numerical simulation of turbulent flows over a bump in an open channel to examine the turbulence characteristics near divergent waves emanating from the bump and to investigate the interaction of the turbulences with the divergent waves. To verify the reliability of the simulations, the mean velocity profile and root-mean-square of velocity fluctuations are compared with previous data. The anisotropic invariant maps show that the ratio of the streamwise to spanwise velocity fluctuations plays an important role in characterizing the anisotropic nature of the separated shear layer behind the bump in the vicinity of the free surface. The vortex identification discloses a large-scale streamwise vortical structure from the mean velocity field and a cluster of small coherent structures from the instantaneous velocity field, which are responsible for the anisotropic characteristics of the turbulence beneath the free surface.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.947-956
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• 2013

급경사 산지하천 수충부의 호안은 대부분 콘크리트 옹벽으로 되어있다. 표면이 매끄러운 콘크리트 옹벽호안은 유속을 더 강화시키기 때문에 수충부 홍수피해의 원인이 되기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 개수로의 한 측벽에 설치한 정사각형 단면의 세로돌출줄눈이 흐름저항에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 수리실험을 수행하였다. 돌출줄눈의 설치간격은 무차원 돌출줄눈 간격 ${\lambda}_{nv}$를 기준으로 조도유형 d형과 k형을 포함하도록 설계하였다. 흐름의 Froude 수는0.81~1.12의 범위였다. 흐름저항은 돌출줄눈의 설치간격과 유량에 좌우되었다. ${\lambda}_{nv}$가 9일 때 흐름저항이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 세로돌출줄눈은 유량이 증가하면 d형 조도에서는 흐름저항을 감소시켰으나 k형 조도에서는 흐름저항을 증가시켰다. 흐름저항의 증가폭은 ${\lambda}_{nv}$이 9~12의 범위에서 상대적으로 더 크게 나타났다. 세로돌출줄눈에 의한 흐름저항은 대부분 형상저항에 의한 것이며 그 등가조도높이는 수심규모로 발생할 수 있고 흐름저항에 미치는 영향이 매우 크다. 측벽의 세로돌출줄눈은 흐름저항을 증가시키고 최대유속의 발생위치를 수로의 횡단면 중앙방향으로 이동시키는 수단으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권5B호
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• pp.529-537
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 식생된 개수로 흐름의 수치모의에 필요한 항력가중계수의 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 시간 및 공간 평균기법을 이용하여 식생된 개수로 흐름에서 레이놀즈응력의 수송방정식을 유도하였다. 그 결과 총 레이놀즈응력은 시간의 변동 성분에 의한 레이놀즈응력과 공간상의 변동 성분에 의한 레이놀즈응력의 합이며, 총 레이놀즈응력의 수송방정식을 수치모의하기 위한 항력가중계수의 값은 $C_{fk}$ = 1.0인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 시간의 변동 성분에 의한 레이놀즈응력을 수치모의하기 위해서는 거의 영에 가까운 항력가중계수를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 과거의 수치모의 연구에서 항력가중계수의 값이 거의 영에 가까울 때 실험결과와 잘 일치했는지에 대한 중요한 이유이다. 즉, 공간상의 변동성분에 의한 레이놀즈응력의 값은 실험을 통해 측정하기 매우 어렵기 때문에 식생된 개수로 흐름에서 측정된 레이놀즈응력은 대부분 시간상의 변동성분에 의한 레이놀즈응력이기 때문이다. 또한 레이놀즈응력모형을 이용하여 항력가중계수에 따른 식생된 개수로 흐름을 수치모의하고 기존의 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과 평균유속과 레이놀즈응력의 경우 항력가중계수의 영향은 작은 것으로 나타났으나, 난류강도 분포에서는 항력가중계수의 영향이 매우 크게 발생하였다. 또한 총 레이놀즈응력과 시간의 변동성분에 의한 레이놀즈응력의 수송방정식에서 각 항의 수지분석을 통하여 항력가중계수가 난류강도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.581-589
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• 1998

A regulating mechanism of the ATP-sensitive potassium channels $(K_{ATP}\;channels)$ is yet to fully explained. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of intracellular application of monocarboxylates (acetate, formate, lactate, and pyruvate) on $K_{ATP}$ channels in isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes. Single channel currents of $K_{ATP}$ channels were recorded using the excised inside-out or permeabilized attached (open-cell) patch-clamp technique at room temperature. Intracellular application of acetate, formate and pyruvate led to an inhibition of channel activity, whereas intracellular application of lactate increased channel activity. These effects were reversible upon washout. Analysis of single channel kinetics showed that monocarboxylates did not affect open-time constant and close-time constant. These results suggest that monocarboxylates participate in modulating $K_{ATP}$ channels activity in cardiac cells and that modulation of $K_{ATP}$ channels activity may resolve the discrepancy between the low $K_i$ in excised membrane patches and high levels of intracellular ATP concentration during myocardial ischemia or hypoxia.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.302-314
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• 2007

N type calcium channels (CaV2.2) play a key role in the gating of transmitter release at presynaptic nerve terminals. These channels are generally regarded as parts of a multimolecular complex that can modulate their open probability and ensure their location near the vesicle docking and fusion sites. However, the proteins that comprise this component remain poorly characterized. We have carried out the first open screen of presynaptic CaV2.2 complex members by an antibody-mediated capture of the channel from purified rat brain synaptosome lysate followed by mass spectroscopy. 589 unique peptides resulted in a high confidence match of 104 total proteins and 40 synaptosome proteome proteins. This screen identified several known CaV2.2 interacting proteins including syntaxin 1, VAMP, protein phosphatase 2A, $G_{o\alpha}$, G$\beta$ and spectrin and also a number of novel proteins, including clathrin, adaptin, dynamin, dynein, NSF and actin. The unexpected proteins were classified within a number of functional classes that include exocytosis, endocytosis, cytoplasmic matrix, modulators, chaperones, and cell-signaling molecules and this list was contrasted to previous reports that catalogue the synaptosome proteome. The failure to detect any postsynaptic density proteins suggests that the channel itself does not exhibit stable trans-synaptic attachments. Our results suggest that the channel is anchored to a cytoplasmic matrix related to the previously described particle web.