• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.957-960
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• 2004

From a water-environmental point of view, with a change of understanding and concern about vegetation, it changes that vegetation acts as stability of channel and bed, providing habitats and feed for fauna, and means improving those with appreciation of the beautiful but resistant factor to the flow So, it becomes important concern and study subjects that turbulent structure by vegetation, shear stress and transport as well as roughness and average velocity by vegetation. But from a hydraulic point of view, vegetation causes resistance to the flow and can increase the risk of flooding, Therefore, this thesis concern the flow characteristics in vegetated open channels. According to the experimental results, $z_0$ was on an average $0.4h_p$ in a vegetated open channel. So, the elevation corresponding to zero velocity in a vegetated channel was the middle of roughness element. The limit for logarithmically distributed profile over the roughness element was from $z_0$ to $0.80h_{over}$ for a vegetated channel. Among the existing theory, the method of Kouwen et al.(1969), Haber(1982), and El-Hakim and Salama(1992) except Stephan(2001) gave a very good value compared to the measured velocity profile.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2003

Cellular redox state is known to be perturbed during ischemia and that $Ca^{2+}$ and $K^2$ channels have been shown to have functional thiol groups. In this study, the properties of thiol redox modulation of the ATP-sensitive $K^2$ ($K_{ATP}$) channel were examined in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Rabbit ventricular myocytes were isolated using a Langendorff column for coronary perfusion and collagenase. Single-channel currents were measured in excised membrane patch configuration of patch-clamp technique. The thiol oxidizing agent 5,5'-dithio-bis-(2-nitro-benzoic acid) (DTNB) inhibited the channel activity, and the inhibitory effect of DTNB was reversed by dithiothreitol (disulfide reducing agent; DTT). DTT itself did not have any effect on the channel activity. However, in the patches excised from the metabolically compromised cells, DTT increased the channel activity. DTT had no effect on the inhibitory action by ATP, showing that thiol oxidation was not involved in the blocking mechanism of ATP. There were no statistical difference in the single channel conductance for the oxidized and reduced states of the channel. Analysis of the open and closed time distributions showed that DTNB had no effect on open and closed time distributions shorter than 4 ms. On the other hand, DTNB decreased the life time of bursts and increased the interburst interval. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a substance that reacts with thiol groups of cystein residues in proteins, induced irreversible closure of the channel. The thiol oxidizing agents (DTNB, NEM) inhibited of the $K_{ATP}$ channel only, when added to the cytoplasmic side. The results suggested that metabolism-induced changes in the thiol redox can also modulate $K_{ATP}$ channel activity and that a modulatory site of thiol redox may be located on the cytoplasmic side of the $K_{ATP}$ channel in rabbit ventricular myocytes.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.165-168
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• 2005

In this paper, we examined channel charge which occurs in electron accumulation after electron velocity saturation. Generally, short gate GaAs MESFET show, saturated electron velocity leading to current satulation. When electron velocity is saturated, deletion layer is still open channel and it plays a key role in deciding saturation current mode we proposed channel charge model in channel after electron velocity saturation.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.13-18
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• 2007

When triple flames propagated in a diverging channel, the effects of fuel dilution on the lift-off characteristics of triple flames were investigated. A multi-slot burner was used to stabilize the lift-off flame especially at weak fuel concentration gradients. It was reported that there is a maximum propagation velocity at a critical concentration gradient in an open jet regardless of fuel dilution. The enhancement of a diffusion flame affected to increase the propagation velocity around critical concentration gradients. However, the influence of a confined channel on the structure of triple flames according to fuel dilution needs to be investigated compared with an open jet case. This study aimed to examine the effect of a confined channel on the structure and the propagation velocity of the triple flames according to fuel dilution. Lift-off height and propagation velocity of triple flames were investigated by employing three kinds of fuel compositions diluted by nitrogen (0%, 25%, 50% $N_2$), Fuel dilution reduced the propagation velocity of triple flame in a confined channel mainly due to the decrease of flame temperature in premixed branch. Despite the difference in fuel dilution, the propagation velocity has a maximum value at a specific fuel concentration gradient even though the critical concentration gradient increases with fuel dilution. And the critical concentration gradient in a confined channel is larger than that in an open jet due to enhancement of convective diffusion.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.2C
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• pp.184-190
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• 2002

This paper compares and analyzes and analyzes the transmission performance of the OpenCable system and the DBD-C system which are adopted as the digital CATV transmission standard in U.S.A. and Europe respectively through computer simulation under the same channel environment. We considered the channel environment including the random noise and the CTB (Composite Tripple Beats) noise as channel impairments in order to compare the two standard fairly. Additionally, we analyzed the transmission performance of the OpenCable system for the various interleaving depths. We implemented each transmission system by software, and we analyzed BER values with respect to the C/N in order to compare their transmission performance. As a result of the computer simulation, to get the BER of ${10}^{-6}$ the OpenCable system requires 1.2 dB kiwer C/N than the DVB-C system in the 64-QAM mode, and the two system require similar C/N in the 256-QAM mode.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1435-1442
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• 2014

This study presented numerical simulations of smooth-bed flows in the rectangular open-channel using the source code by OpenFOAM. For the analysis of the turbulent flow, Large Eddy Simulations were carried out and the dynamic sub-grid scale model proposed by Germano et al. (1991) is used to model the residual stress term. In order to analyze the coherent structure, the uw quadrant method proposed by Lu and Willmarth (1973) is used and the contribution rate and the fraction time of the instantaneous Reynolds stress are obtained in the Reynolds stress. The results by the present study are analyzed and compared with data from previous laboratory studies and direct numerical simulations. It is found that the contribution rate of the ejection events is larger than that of sweep events over the buffer layer in the open-channel flow over the smooth bed, however, the frequency of the sweep event is higher than that of the ejection events.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.67-79
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• 2008

The one-dimensional (1D) finite-difference method (FDM) with Abbott-Ionescu scheme and the two-dimensional (2D) finite-volume method (FVM) with an approximate Riemann solver (Osher scheme) for unsteady flow calculation in river are described. The two models have been applied to several problems including flow in a straight channel, flow in a slightly meandering channel and a flow in a meandering channel. The uniform rectangular channel was employed for the purpose of comparing results. A comparison is made between the results of computation on 1D and 2D flows including straight channel, slightly meandering channel and meandering channel application. The implementation of the finite-volume method allows complex boundary geometry represented. Agreement between FVM and FDM results regarding the discharge and stage is considered very satisfactory in straight channel application. It was concluded that a 1D analysis is sufficient if the channel is prismatic and remains straight. For curved (meandering) channels, a 2D or 3D model must be used in order to model the flow accurately.

• Water for future
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.235-238
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• 1995

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.1397-1404
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• 2015

Recently, high data rate transmission is required in maritime communication. In this paper, we consider multiple input multiple output (MIMO) spatial multiplexing (SM). However, the performance of SM is severly degraded due to spatial channel correlation and line-of-sight (LOS) component. In the maritime communication, the MIMO channel correlation and LOS are critical due to the lack of scatteres around the transmitter and/or the receiver. When the feedback of channel information is available, precoding can enhance the error performance by exploiting the channel information. However, it is difficult to derive closed-form solution considering both the correlation and LOS. In this paper, we present open-loop precoding-based spatial multiplexing transmission method by showing that the effect of performance for the correlation and LOS. It is shown that the open-loop precoding can mitigate the performance degradation due to the LOS as well as the correlation. Consequently, we expect that the proposed open-loop precoding can be adopted to the maritime communication system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2017

Using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique, we performed a numerical simulation in anodesupported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The effect of gas channel/rib width on the cell performance and temperature uniformity was investigated in planar type SOFC. The open source CFD toolbox, OpenFOAM, was used as a numerical analysis tool. As a result, the effect of gas channel/rib width on the cell performance and temperature uniformity was not significant if the oxygen depletion is not occurring. On the other hand, the usage of a wide rib and operation at high current density may lead to performance degradation due to oxygen depletion.