• Title/Summary/Keyword: Oocyte size

Search Result 93, Processing Time 0.024 seconds

과배란유도후 배란직전 난포의 초음파검사 소견과 성숙난자 획득간의 상관관계에 관한 연구 (Correlation between Ultra sonic Preovulatory Follicular Appearances and the Retrieval of Mature Oocytes in Stimulated Cycles)

  • 김학순;신창재;김정구;문신용;이진용;장윤석
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
    • /
    • 제15권1호
    • /
    • pp.25-34
    • /
    • 1988
  • The intrafo1licular echoes of cumulus oophoruses within ovarian follicles were assessed with the use of ultrasound in 86 women taking part in an in vitro fertilization(IVF) or gamete intrafallopian transfer(GIFT) program, stimulated with pure follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)/human menopausal gonadotropin(hMG)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). When intrafo1licular echoes were clearly separated from the follicular wall or relatively dispersed within the follicle, they were considered to be a dissociated cumulus, and when they were only slightly prominent from the follicular wall, they were suspected to be a nondissociated cumulus. A cumulus was seen in 62.1% of the follicles larger than 10 mm diameter and 75.1% of them were dissociated. The larger the follicles in size, the more the cumuluses in number and dissociation. The number of follicles and intrafollicular echoes per woman was not different whether or not she would be pregnant, but the number of dissociated cumuluses was significantly more in pregnant women. The number of observed dissociated cumuluses correlated significantly with the number of recovered mature oocytes. When an intrafollicular echo is seen, it can be taken as evidence of a sign of maturity of that particular follicle and oocyte. Ultrasonographic monitoring of intrafollicular echoes and follicular size is very helpful to predict follicular maturation in ovulation stimulation cycles.

  • PDF

소 난포란의 체외성숙을 위한 미소적 배양체계의 검토 (Microdrop Culture System for In Vitro Maturation of Bovine Follicular Oocytes)

  • 이은송;이병천;황우석
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
    • /
    • 제12권3호
    • /
    • pp.293-300
    • /
    • 1997
  • Supplementation of maturation medium with additional granulosa cells has beneficial effect on in vitro maturation of bovine follicular oocytes and their subsequent cleavage and development in vitro. However, maturation system using granulosa cells have some disadvantages that collection of granulosa cells is cumbersome and metabolic activity of the cells is variable according to ovarian cycle or follicular size. We hypothesized that bovine immsture oocytes matured without granulosa cell coculture can fertilize and develop normally if the medium volume per oocyte is reduced during in vitro maturation. Immature oocytes were matured for 24 hours in a TCM199 containing 10% fetal calf serum, anterior pitultary hormone (0.02 AU /ml Antrinⓡ) and estradiol with or without granulosa cells in vitro. In Group 1, 35 to 40 oocytes were matured in a well of 4-well plastic dish containing 500 $\mu$l of maturation medium and granulosa cells, and 9 to 10 oocytes were matured in a 50-$\mu$l drop of maturation medium without granulosa cells in Group 2. After maturation, oocytes were coincubated with sperm for 30 hours in a modified Tyrode's medium (IVF). Inseminated oocytes were cultured in a microdrop (30 $\mu$l) of a synthetic oviduct fluld medium (SOFM) containing BSA, Minimum Essential Medium essential and non-essential amino acids for 9 days. As a preliminary experiment, we investigated the beneficial effect of granulosa cells during maturation on subsequent cleavage and development using the same type of culturedishes (4-well dish). Granulosa cells could not increase embryo cleavage after fertilization but significantly improved (p<0.05) embryo development to expanding blastocyst (Table1 and 2). In Group 1, 68 and 80% of inseminated oocytes have cleaved at 30 hours and 2 days after IVF, respectively, which is similar (p>0.05) to the result of Group 2 (69% at 30 hours and 78% at 2 days after IVF). The oocytes in Group 2 showed 21 and 11% of developmental rates to expanding and hatching blastocysts, respectively, which was not significantly different (p>0.05) from those (20 and 10%, respectively) of oocytes in Group 1. In conclusion, it has been clarified that a microdrop culture system without granulosa cells for in vitro maturation can support bovine embryonic development to blastocyst in vitro as readily as a granulosa cell coculture system.

  • PDF

Oogenesis in a Tubiculous Polychaete, Schizobranchia insignis Bush: I. Microscopic and Biometric Studies

  • Lee, Yang-Rim
    • 한국동물학회지
    • /
    • 제20권2호
    • /
    • pp.77-92
    • /
    • 1977
  • 棲管 갯지렁이 Schizobranchia insignis Bush의 卵子에서 일어나는 變化의 形態學的 및 生化學的 관계를 규명코자 卵子形成中 細胞學的인 變化와 卵子의 年中 分布에 대하여 연구하였다. 卵原細胞分裂 직후 난자는 卵巢에서 離脫하여 體腔囊에서 最大의 크기인 직경 6180$\\mu$ 까지 성장한다. 난자형성은 年中 계속 일어나고 있으며, 産卵期間은 1월에서 3월간이다. 난자가 最大의 크기에 달하면 그 후로는 크기에 변화가 없으며 體腔囊에 축적된다. 核仁은 직경 5-10$\\mu$의 난자에서 처음으로 나타나며 난자형성 초기단계에서 크기의 증가를 보여 직경 100-120$\\mu$의 난자에서 가장 크고, 직경 120-180$\\mu$의 기간동안 크기의 변화가 거의 없다. 仁은 최초에는 단일구획 이지만 난황물질형성 직전에 이중구획으로 나뉘어진다. 세 종류의 난황물질이 난자형성 기간중 서로 다른 시기에 형성된다. 脂質顆粒과 성분이 불확실한 타원형의 顆粒은 초기에 나타나지만, 대부분이 직경 80$\\mu$이상의 난자에서 형성된다. 단백질 난황과 皮質顆粒은 반드시 직경 80$\\mu$이상의 난자에서만 형성된다. 미세융털이 직경 80$\\mu$의 난자에서는 卵黃膜에 다량 존재하지만 직경 180$\\mu$의 난자에서는 거의 찾아 볼 수 없다.

  • PDF

어깨뿔고둥 (Ocenebra japonica)의 생식세포형성과 생식주기 (Gametogenesis and Reproductive Cycle of the Murex Shell (Ocenebra japonica) (Neogastropoda: Muricidae))

  • 이주하
    • 한국수산과학회지
    • /
    • 제37권5호
    • /
    • pp.385-392
    • /
    • 2004
  • Gonadal development, gametogenesis, reproductive cycle, gonad index, and flesh weight rate of the murex shell (Ocenebra japonica) collected from the rocky intertidal zone of Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea were investigated by means of histological method from January to December 2002. O. japonica had separate sexes, and was oviparous. The gonad was widely situated on the surface of the digestive gland located in the rear of the spiral flesh part in the shell. The male penis was located near the two tentacles. The ovary was composed of a number of oogenic follicles, and the testis was composed of several spermatogenic tubules. The size of ripe oocyte was approximately $140{\mu}m$ in diameter. The gonad index (GI) began to increase in March $(33.24{\pm}2.33)$ and reached the maximum in June $(47.77{\pm}1.90)$ Thereafter, the values decreased from July $(45.12{\pm}3.60)$ to October $(19.32{\pm}2.91)$. The flesh weight rate (FWR) began to increase in January $(25.93{\pm}1.32)$ and reached the maxium in May $(31.78{\pm}1.09)$ Thereafter, the values decreased from June $(31.50{\pm}0.66)$ to October $(24.09{\pm}1.60)$. The reproductive cycle could be classified into five successive stages: early active (October to April), late active (January to June), ripe (May to September), spawning (July to September) and recovery (September to February). The reproductive cycle was closely related to the seawater temperature.

Effect of Removal of Follicles through Repeated Transvaginal Follicle Aspiration on Subsequent Follicular Populations in Murrah Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis

  • Akshey, Y.S.;Palta, P.;Manik, R.S.;Vivekananad, Vivekananad;Chauhan, M.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제18권5호
    • /
    • pp.632-636
    • /
    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of removal of all ovarian follicles through repeated transvaginal follicle aspiration (TVFA) on the subsequent follicular populations in buffaloes. This information is crucial for determining the optimum time interval between successive aspirations for recovering oocytes from live buffaloes through Transvaginal Oocyte Retrieval (TVOR). The oestrus of cycling buffaloes (n=5) were synchronized by a single PGF injection schedule. All the ovarian follicles were removed once every 7 days for 6 weeks through TVFA, starting from Day 7 of the oestrous cycle (Day 0 = day of oestrus). The number and size of individual ovarian follicles was recorded at Day 3 and Day 5 (Day 0 = day of TVFA) through transrectal ultrasonography. The follicles were classified on the basis of their diameter as small (3-5 mm), medium (6-9 mm) and large ($\geq$10 mm). There was no difference in the number of small and medium follicles, and the number of total follicles between Day 3 and Day 5. However, the number of large follicles was significantly higher (p<0.05) at Day 5 than that at Day 3. There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the proportion of small follicles and an increase (p<0.05) in the proportion of large follicles from Day 3 to Day 5, with no change in the proportion of medium follicles. The number of total follicles at Day 3 or Day 5 did not differ during the 6 TVFA sessions. It can be concluded that an interval of 3 days is more suitable than that of 5 days between successive aspirations for recovering oocytes through TVOR in a twice weekly schedule and that repeated removal of follicles through TVFA does not adversely affect the number of total follicles 3 or 5 days after TVFA.

Effects of Levels and Sources of Follicular Fluid on the In Vitro Maturation and Development of Porcine Oocytes

  • Huang, W.T.;Tang, P.C.;Wu, S.C.;Cheng, S.P.;Ju, J.C.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제14권10호
    • /
    • pp.1360-1366
    • /
    • 2001
  • The aims of this study were first to evaluate the effects of different levels (20, 40 and 100%) and sources (follicular size: large, >7 mm; medium, >5-7 mm; small, 3-5 mm) of porcine follicular fluid (pFF) on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes, and the effects of fertilization treatments and different culture conditions on development of fertilized oocytes were also investigated. No differences in the maturation (63.6-76.6%) and cleavage (24.8-34.3%) rates were observed among the 20,40 and 100% pFF groups (p>0.05). The cleavage rates of oocytes cultured and fertilized in 40% and 100% pFF maturation media were significantly higher than those fertilized in m199-NBCS (51.0-61.2% vs. 12.8-31.8%. p<0.05), regardless of sources of the pFF. When oocytes were fertilized in m199-NBCS followed by culture in rabbit oviducts for 4 days, the cleavage rate in 40% pFF group was better than that in 100% pFF group (46.9% vs. 32.5%, p<0.05). Two oocytes recovered from the oviducts in the 40% pFF group developed to blastocysts after IVC. However, none developed to blastocysts when fertilized in the IVM medium after being transferred to rabbit oviducts. In conclusion, addition of pFF accompanied with gonadotropins (FSH, LH) in IVM medium enhanced maturation and cleavage rates of porcine oocytes. Direct addition of sperm suspension to IVM medium may be an alternative to simplify the fertilization procedures and to reduce the mechanical lesion during manipulation. Furthermore, rabbit oviducts provide a better environment for the in vitro fertilized oocyte developing to the morula and blastocyst stages.

다낭성 난소증후군의 과배란유도시 GnRH Antagonist (Cetrorelix)를 병합한 Minimal Stimulation Protocol의 임상적 유용성에 관한 연구 (A Study for Clinical Efficacy of GnRH Antagonist (Cetrorelix) Minimal Stimulation Protocol in Assisted Reproductive Techniques for Polycystic Ovaian Syndrome)

  • 박성대;이상훈
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
    • /
    • 제29권4호
    • /
    • pp.251-258
    • /
    • 2002
  • Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the GnRH antagonist (Cetrotide) minimal stimulation protocol comparing with GnRH agonist combined long step down stimulation protocol in PCOS patients. Materials and Method: From Apr 2001 to May 2002, 22 patients (22 cycles) were performed in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation using by GnRH antagonist and GnRH agonist for PCOS patients. GnRH antagonist (Cetrotide) combined minimal stimulation protocol was administered in 10 patients (10 cycles, Study Group) and GnRH agonist long step down stimulation protocol was administered in 12 patients (12 cycles, Control Group). We compared the pregnancy rate/cycle, total FSH (A)/cycle, Retrieved oocyte/cycle, the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, multiple pregnancy rate between the two groups. Student-t test were used to determine statistical significance. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Results: Group of GnRH antagonist (Cetrorelix) minimal stimulation protocol produced fewer oocytes (6.4 versus 16.3 oocytes/cycle) using a lower dose of FSH (22.2 versus 36.1 Ample/cycle) and none developed OHSS and multiple pregnancy. Although the trends were in favour of the GnRH antagonist (Cetrorelix) protocol, the differences did not reach statistical significance. This was probably due to small sample size. Conclusion: The use of GnRH antagonist reduce the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation and multiple pregnancy. We suggest that GnRH antagonist might be alternative controlled ovarian hyperstimulation method, especially in PCOS patients who will be ovarian high response.

Improved Enucleation Efficiency of Pig Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer by Early Denudation of Oocytes at 30 Hours of In Vitro Maturation

  • Song, Kil-Young;Hyun, Sang-Hwan;Lee, Eun-Song
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
    • /
    • 제22권4호
    • /
    • pp.235-243
    • /
    • 2007
  • Our goal was to examine the effects of early denudation on the enucleation efficiency and developmental competence of embryos following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and parthenogenetic activation (PA). Oocytes were denuded following 30 h of in vitro maturation (IVM) and then cultured with (D+) or without (D-) their detached cumulus cells for additional $10{\sim}14$ h. Control oocytes were denuded after $40{\sim}44$ h of IVM. The size of the perivitelline space was larger at 40 h of IVM ($11.7{\sim}11.8{\mu}m$) than at 30 h ($8.9{\mu}m;$ p<0.01). The distances between the metaphase II (M II) plates and the polar bodies (PBs) were shorter in D+ ($19.4{\mu}m$) and D- oocytes ($18.9{\mu}m$) than in control oocytes ($25.5{\mu}m;$ p<0.01). Enucleation rates following blind aspiration at 40 h of IVM were higher (p<0.01) in D+ (92%) and D- oocytes (93%) compared to controls (82%). Early denudation did not affect oocyte maturation or the in vitro development of SCNT and PA embryos. When SCNT embryos from D+ oocytes were transferred to four gilts, pregnancy was established in two pigs, and one of them farrowed three live piglets. In conclusion, early denudation of oocytes at 30 h of IVM could improve the enucleation efficiency by maintaining the M II plate and the PB within close proximity and support the in vivo development of SCNT embryos to term.

The use of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in the pre-maturation system improves in vitro developmental competence from small follicles of porcine oocytes

  • Park, Kyu-Mi;Kim, Kyu-Jun;Jin, Minghui;Han, Yongquan;So, Kyoung-Ha;Hyun, Sang-Hwan
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제32권12호
    • /
    • pp.1844-1853
    • /
    • 2019
  • Objective: We investigated how pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) affects embryonic development during pre-in vitro maturation (pre-IVM) using porcine oocytes isolated from small follicles. Methods: We divided the follicles into the experimental groups by size (SF, small follicles; MF, medium follicles) and treated with and without PACAP and cultured for 18 hours (PreSF[-]PACAP; without PACAP, Pre-SF[+]PACAP; with PACAP) before undergoing IVM. The gene expression related to extracellular matrix formation (amphiregulin, epiregulin, and hyaluronan synthase 2 [HAS2]) and apoptosis (Bcl-2-associated X [BAX], B-cell lymphoma 2, and cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3) was investigated after maturation. The impact on developmental competence was assessed by the cleavage and blastocyst rate and total cell number of blastocysts in embryos generated from parthenogenesis (PA) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Results: Cleavage rates in the Pre-SF(+)PACAP after PA were significantly higher than SF and Pre-SF(-)PACAP (p<0.05). The cleavage rates between MF and Pre- SF(+)PACAP groups yielded no notable differences after IVF. Pre-SF(+)PACAP displayed the higher rate of blastocyst formation and greater total cell number than SF and Pre-SF(-)PACAP (p<0.05). Cumulus cells showed significant upregulation of HAS2 mRNA in the Pre-SF(+)PACAP compared to the SF (p<0.05). In comparison to other groups, the Pre-SF(+)PACAP group displayed a downregulation in mRNA expression of BAX in matured oocytes (p<0.05). Conclusion: The PACAP treatment during pre-IVM improved the developmental potential of porcine oocytes derived from SF by regulating cumulus expansion and apoptosis of oocytes.

Coping with large litters: the management of neonatal piglets and sow reproduction

  • Peltoniemi, Olli;Yun, Jinhyeon;Bjorkman, Stefan;Han, Taehee
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
    • /
    • 제63권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-15
    • /
    • 2021
  • As a result of intensive breeding, litter size has considerably increased in pig production over the last three decades. This has resulted in an increase in farrowing complications. Prolonged farrowing will shorten the window for suckling colostrum and reduce the chances for high-quality colostrum intake. Studies also agree that increasing litter sizes concomitantly resulted in decreased piglet birth weight and increased within-litter birth weight variations. Birth weight, however, is one of the critical factors affecting the prognosis of colostrum intake, and piglet growth, welfare, and survival. Litters of uneven birth weight distribution will suffer and lead to increased piglet mortality before weaning. The proper management is key to handle the situation. Feeding strategies before farrowing, management routines during parturition (e.g., drying and moving piglets to the udder and cross-fostering) and feeding an energy source to piglets after birth may be beneficial management tools with large litters. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-driven recovery from energy losses during lactation appears critical for supporting follicle development, the viability of oocytes and embryos, and, eventually, litter uniformity. This paper explores certain management routines for neonatal piglets that can lead to the optimization of their colostrum intake and thereby their survival in large litters. In addition, this paper reviews the evidence concerning nutritional factors, particularly lactation feeding that may reduce the loss of sow body reserves, affecting the growth of the next oocyte generation. In conclusion, decreasing birth weight and compromised immunity are subjects warranting investigation in the search for novel management tools. Furthermore, to increase litter uniformity, more focus should be placed on nutritional factors that affect IGF-1-driven follicle development before ovulation.