• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4723-4725
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• 2013

Background: Bladder cancer is a major health problem, especially among men. Opium addiction can be an important risk factor. One important question is whether it can affect the age of onset of bladder cancer. We performed this study to evaluate this question. Materials and Methods: In a cross-section study, records of patients diagnosed with bladder carcinoma in Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, within 1999-2008 were included. Data were extracted from records regarding age at onset, gender, smoking status, and opioid addiction and analyzed with SPSS 13. Results: Within 10 years, 920 cases were diagnosed with bladder cancer of which 97 percent were transitional cell carcinoma. In 698 cases, opium addiction status was recorded in 21.3% (n=149). Age at diagnosis was $59.7{\pm}11.51$ (median: 60) among opioid addicts which was significantly lower than nonaddicts ($63.1{\pm}13.65$, Median: 65) (P<0.001). Conclusions: Opium addiction can decrease the age of onset of bladder cancer.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2009

Objectives : It is reported that panic disorder is frequently comorbid with other psychiatric illnesses. The aim of this study was to investigate differences of psychiatric comorbidity according to age of onset of panic disorder. Methods : Three hundred-two patients participated in the study. All the patients were evaluated by clinical instruments for the assessment the presence of other comorbid psychiatric disorders and various clinical features; Korean version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Self-report questionnaires(Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Anxiety Sensitivity Index and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and clinical rating scale (Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale and Global Assessment of Functional score). Chi-square test was used to determine the difference between early onset and late onset panic disorder. Results : Forty percent of panic patients were found to have at least one comorbid psychiatric diagnosis. There were no differences among the groups divided by number of comorbidity in sex, agoraphobia comorbidity, duration of panic disorder, except onset age of panic disorder. Early onset group had more comorbidy with social phobia, agoraphobia, PTSD. We also found that Early onset panic disorder patients were more likely to experience derealization, nausea, parethesia than late onset panic disorder patients. Conclusion : The results of our study are in keeping with previous data from other parts of the world. Our finding suggest that earier onset of panic disorder related to more psychiatric comorbidity.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2005

목적 : 소아, 청소년기 발병 정신분열병은 성인기 발병 정신분열병보다 전구증상을 동반하여 점진적으로 발생하고 심각한 인지기능저하와 신경해부학적 결손을 보여주는 예후가 안좋은 질환으로 알려져왔다. 금번 연구의 목적은 13세를 기준으로 소아, 청소년기 발병 정신분열병을 두 그룹으로 나누어 인구학적 자료, 임상적 특징, 발달학적 지연, 심리학적 특성을 비교하여 소아-청소년기 발병 정신분열병에 대한 이해를 높이고자 하였다. 방법 : 17명의 소아기발병 정신분열병(매우이른 발병) 입원 환아와 16명의 청소년기발병 정신분열병(이른 발병) 입원 환아의 의무기록을 조사하였다. 두 그룹의 기록에서 성별, 연령, 정신과적 과거력, 전구증상 및 기간, 아형, 공존질환, 발달력상 지연, 처방약물 및 용량, 치료반응, 지능지수와 로샤검사를 평가하였다. 결과 : 소아기발병(매우 이른발병)과 청소년기 발병(이른 발병) 정신분열병의 평균 입원 연령은 12.69세$({\pm}2.34)$와 15.13세$({\pm}1.04)$였다. 소아기발병(매우 이른발병)과 청소년기 발병(이른 발병) 정신분열병의 평균 발병 연령은 10.79세 $({\pm}1.95)$와 14.46$({\pm}0.82)$세 였다. 소아기발병 (매우 이른발병)과 청소년기 발병 (이른 발병)의 평균 전구기간은 15.94개월$({\pm}12.33)$과 8.06$({\pm}6.10)$ 개월이었다. 소아기발병 (매우 이른 발병)과 청소년기 발병 (이른 발병)의 관해에까지 이르는데 걸리는 시간은 50.58$({\pm}24.67)$일과 30.06(18.04) 일이었다. 소아기발병 (매우 이른 발병) 그룹에서 관해에까지 이르는 기간이 길수록 일찍 발병 하였다. 두 그룹에서 전체지능, 언어성지능, 동작성 지능은 평균수준이었다. 결론 : 소아기발병(매우 이른 발병)과 청소년기 발병(이른 발병) 정신분열병은 이전의 연구결과와 마찬가지로 전구증상과 함께 전구기간이 존재하고 발달력상 지연이 있을 수 있으며 입원 당시 명백한 정신병적 증상이 존재한다는 점에서는 비슷하지만 청소년기 발병(이른 발병) 그룹에 비해 소아기발병(매우 이른발병) 그룹은 전구기간이 더 짧았으며 발병연령이 늦을수록 관해에 이르는 기간이 짧은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한소아신경학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2018

목적: 미토콘드리아 질환은 산화적 인산화의 결함으로 인한 세포에너지의 부족으로 발생하는 이질적인 질환이다. 이 질환은 소아에서 대사질환의 중요한 원인이며 임상증상으로는 경련이 대표적이다. 웨스트 증후군은 영아기에 특징적으로 보이는 뇌전증 증후군이다. 우리는 미토콘드리아 질환에서 웨스트 증후군 환자의 임상 양상을 비교분석하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 2006년부터 2016년까지의 의무기록을 통해 후향적 연구를 진행하였다. 미토콘드리아 질환으로 진단 된 환자 중 웨스트 증후군으로 확인 된 54명의 소아를 대상으로 하였다. 환자군을 경련 발생 연령 6개월을 기준으로 조기 발병 그룹과 후기 발병 그룹으로 나누었고 이들의 임상 양상을 비교분석하였다. 결과: 첫 임상증상으로 경련을 보이는 경우가 조기 발병 그룹에서 90.9%, 후기 발병 그룹에서는 65% 였으며(P=0.046), 발달 지연은 조기 발병 그룹에서는 9.1%, 후기 발병 그룹에서는 35% 였다(P=0.023). 또한 조기 발병 그룹에서 젖산 혈증은 45%, 초기 MRI 이상 소견은 67.6%, 마지막 MRI 이상 소견은 94.1%에서 나타났고 후기 발병 그룹에서 젖산 혈증은 75%, 초기 MRI 이상 소견은 40%, 마지막 MRI 이상 소견은 90%에서 나타났다. 케톤생성 식이요법은 미토콘드리아 질환을 가진 웨스트 증후군 환자 31명에서 시행하였고 22명의 환자에서 경련 횟수가 50% 이상 감소하는 효과가 있었다. 결론: 미토콘드리아 질환에서 웨스트 증후군 환자들을 경련 발생연령을 기준으로 비교분석 했을 때 경련 관련 요인에 대해서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 하지만 미토콘드리아 질환 관련 요인과 MRI에 대해서는 일부 의미 있는 차이가 있었다. 또한 케톤생성 식이요법은 미토콘드리아 질환을 가진 웨스트 증후군 환자에서도 효과가 있었다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1997

The object of this study were twofold, namely, to study on (1) effect of using ultrasound therapy for curing warts (2) any relation between a cure for warts and onset of warts, as well as subject age. Our subjects, composed of 22 people from age 12 to 49, were assigned to two groups, experimental group and control group. We experimented for 8 session on 12 people in the experimental group by using ultrasound therapy to observe any morphological change in the warts or disappearance of a pain. However, we did not cure warts in the other group, control group. The result of the study are as follows. (1) Ultrasound therapy has an effect on curing warts. (2) Neither condition, onset of warts or subject age, had no influence on a cure for warts.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2023

The current study investigated the influence of age of L2 acquisition (AOA) and length of residence (LOR) in the L2 setting country on the production of voicing-conditioned vowel duration and spectral qualities in English by Korean learners. The primary aim was to explore the ways in which the language-specific phonetic features are acquired by the age of onset and L2 experience. Analyses of the archived corpus data produced by 45 native speakers of Korean showed that, regardless of AOA or LOR, absolute vowel duration was used as a salient correlate of voicing contrast in English for Korean learners. The accuracy of relative vowel duration was influenced more by onset age than by L2 experience, suggesting that being exposed to English at an early age may benefit the acquisition of temporal dimension. On the other hand, the spectral characteristics of English vowels were more consistently influenced by L2 experience, indicating that immersive experience in the L2 speaking environment are likely to improve the accurate production of vowel quality. The distinct influence of the onset age and L2 experience on the specific phonetic cues in L2 vowel production provides insight into the intricate relationship between the two factors on the manifestation of L2 phonological knowledge.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2016

Purpose: To study whether breastfeeding and breastfeeding status during gluten introduction influences the age at diagnosis of celiac disease (CD). In addition to study, whether the timing of gluten introduction influences the age at diagnosis of CD. Methods: It was a hospital based observational study. Total 198 patients diagnosed with CD as per modified European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (2012) criteria, aged between 6 months to 6 years were included. Detail history taken with special emphasis on breastfeeding and age of gluten introduction. Standard statistical methods used to analyze the data. Results: $Mean{\pm}standard$ deviation age of onset and diagnosis of CD in breastfed cases was $2.81{\pm}1.42$ years and $3.68{\pm}1.55$ years respectively as compared to $1.84{\pm}1.36$ years and $2.70{\pm}1.65$ years respectively in not breastfed cases (p<0.05). Those who had continued breastfeeding during gluten introduction and of longer duration had significantly delayed onset of disease. The age at onset of CD was under one year in 40.42% of the cases, who had started gluten before 6 months of age compared to only 12.58% of those who had started gluten later (p<0.001). The proposed statistical model showed that two variables, i.e., breast feeding status during gluten introduction and age at gluten introduction positively influencing the age at diagnosis of CD. Conclusion: Delayed gluten introduction to infant's diet along with continuing breastfeeding, delays symptomatic CD. However, it is not clear from our study that these infant feeding practices provide permanent protection against the disease or merely delays the symptoms.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.933-945
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• 2008

발병연령과 이에 관련되었다고 의심되는 좌위와의 연관성이 실제로 존재하는 경우에 유전자형 정보에 따라 발병연령(age of onset) 분포의 추세가 뚜렷하게 나타난다. 그러나 연관성 검정에서 주로 채택하고 있는 발병연령의 상한연령(cutoff age)을 제한하는 표본추출은 유전자형에 따른 여러 군의 미완결 자료의 분포가 다름을 초래하게 되며, 이러한 미완결 분포 차이는 발병연령의 추세 검정에 있어 효율성을 낮추는 원인이 된다. 일반적으로 두 군의 경우에 그 대책으로써 윌콕슨(Wilcoxon) 통계량보다는 미완결 자료의 분포가 다름에 영향을 덜 받는다고 알려진 로그순위(log-rank) 통계량을 사용한다. 본 논문에서는 로그순위 통계량 적용을 유전자형에 따른 여러 군의 경우로 확장하여 Jones와 Browley (1989)에 언급된 일반화 로그순위 추세 검정통계량(generalized log-rank statistic for trend)을 제안하며, 연관성 연구에서 이 검정통계량과 여러 다른 추세 검정통계량의 효율성을 모의실험으로 알아본다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2019

Purpose: Myotonic dystrophy, also known as dystrophia myotonica (DM), is an autosomal dominant disorder with 2 genetically distinct forms. DM type 1 (DM1) is the more common form and is caused by abnormal expansion of cytosine/thymine/guanine (CTG) repeats in the DM protein kinase (DMPK ) gene. Our study aimed to determine whether the age of onset is correlated with CTG repeat length in a population of pediatric patients with DM1. Methods: We retrospectively identified 30 pediatric patients with DM1 that underwent DMPK testing, of which the clinical data of 17 was sufficient. The cohort was divided into 2 subgroups based on the clinical phenotype (congenital-onset vs. late-onset) and number of CTG repeats (<1,000 vs. ${\geq}1,000$). Results: We found no significant difference between the age of onset and CTG repeat length in our pediatric patient population. Based on clinical subgrouping, we found that the congenital-onset subgroup was statistically different with respect to several variables, including prematurity, rate of admission to neonatal intensive care unit, need for respiratory support at birth, hypotonia, dysphagia, ventilator dependence, and functional status on last visit, compared to the late-onset subgroup. Based on genetic subgrouping, we found a single variable (poor feeding in neonate) that was significantly different in the large CTG subgroup than that in the small CTG subgroup. Conclusion: Clinical variables exhibiting statistically significant differences between the subgroups should be focused on prognosis and designing tailored management approaches for the patients; our findings will contribute to achieve this important goal for treating patients with DM1.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2015

This study investigated the effects of the age of Korean speakers, place of articulation, and phonation types on voice onset time (VOT) of stops. Twenty-five preschoolers, 25 schoolers, and 25 adults who had no history of speech and language impairment produced plosives in /VCV/ words in isolation. A three-way ($3{\times}3{\times}3$) mixed design was used with the age of speakers (preschoolers, schoolers, adults) as a between-subject factor, the place of articulation (bilabials, alveolars, velars) and phonation types (plain, tense, aspirated consonants) as a within-subject factor. The dependent measure was the VOT values. Results revealed that three main effects were statistically significant. Preschoolers exhibited longer VOTs than adults (p<.05). There were significant differences in VOTs among the place of articulation, showing that speakers had the longest VOTs for velars (velars > alvelars > bilabials) (all p<.05). In addition, the VOTs for aspirated consonants were longer than those for plain and tense consonants, and the differences were significant among three phonation types (aspirated > tense > plain) (all p<.05). The current results suggested that VOTs would be linked to age and development, and schoolers over the age of 11 years had achieved adult-like VOTs. Moreover, the place of articulation and phonation types in Korean stops showed marked factors in normal speakers' VOT patterns.