• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.145-153
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• 2014

In this paper, we study the bargaining strategy of a manufacturer who sells a product through the online and offline distribution channels. To do this, we derive and analyze the equilibrium solutions for both simultaneous and sequential bargaining games. The result shows that the optimal bargaining strategy heavily depends on the size of the online distribution channel's loyal customers and the difference between the retail prices of the online and the offline distribution channels. It is also shown that, in some cases, the online distribution channel has incentive to downsize its loyal customers and its retail price for a better bargaining outcome.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.617-627
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• 2020

This study investigates the apparel sizing communication presented in online retail websites focusing on women's ready-to-wear tailored jackets and to analyze the meaning of these information as the actual product size guide factor. A total of 34 retail websites were selected based on the highest growth fashion companies list and the best fashion brands list. We collected size information in two types: size specifications including sizing code, body measurements, garment measurements, and size references including customized size guide tools, size information in customer reviews, model size information, and others. Most websites prefer to present garment measurements rather than body measurements that are recommended notations under Korean standards and related regulations. In addition, there was the absence of consistency in presenting measurements list and terms that can confuse consumers in size communication. This study found that the stature measurement was a key factor in size reference despite that it did not represent a proper garment size. The obsolete Korean numbering sizing code such as '55 and '66 was still used in many ways such as idiomatic expressions for body shape. It also implied that we can take advantage of the old sizing code for accessible size information. The finding of this study gives an in-depth diagnosis of current online sizing information problems and suggests useful basic data for developing online apparel size standards and marketing strategies.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.109-120
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• 2021

Despite the growing online exposure of retailes, offline retail channels still outperform online channels in the total retail volume of some countries. There is much interest in the physical layout plans of retail stores to expand sales. Product placement that have a large impact on customer purchasing behavior at offline retailers influences customer movement and sales volume. But in many cases, each retailer relies on unsystematic and autonomous product placement. When multiple products are sold with one purchase, the customer's movement for shopping may be evaluated in terms of customer efficiency and additional impulse purchase. In this paper, the social network is applied to sales data of a retail store and the result is used for evaluation of product placement and customer path. The frequent sales product composition was identified using k-core from sales data in the form of shopping baskets. The location was checked for the identified compositions of products, the spatial variance was measured and the customer's path was identified. With these results, the store arrangement of products was evaluated with appropriate improvement directions. The analysis method of this paper can be an alternative analysis approach for better layout of retail stores.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.14
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• pp.195-214
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to find proper strategies for the reinforcement of brand image in the online insurance retail stores. First, from theoretical backgrounds, I have investigated acquisition effects, strategies for changing brand image, decisions on a product position and product differentiation under various strategic marketing factors based on the reinforcement strategies of brand image. Second, there is a significant difference between corporate/on-line insurance retail store names recalled first and brand names recalled first. Third, in terms of consumers' preferences, there exists a substantial difference between corporate/on-line insurance retail stores and brands. From this study, the following conclusions are drawn. First, on-line insurance retail stores and brand image should be carefully developed and used as a tool to secure competitive advantages. Second, on-line insurance retail stores and brand image should be considered and continuously enhanced as an important asset for the on-line insurance retail stores. As the importance of brands grows, brand management is an essential step for powering brands.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.33-40
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• 1999

ㆍ No Conflict with Existing Investments in Physical stores ㆍ "First-Mover" Advantages: Early Lead in Market Share and Brand Recognition ㆍ Technology Infrastructure ㆍ "Web-Savvy" Management(omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 2016

Service channel environments have changed dramatically with the advent of new, online digital channels. This article studies the effects of perceived multi-channel service quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty in the banking industry and the moderating role of age, which is a characteristic of customers. The objective is to identify the quality factors that affect the overall satisfaction and loyalty of a multi-channel customer. A quantitative study was conducted on 900 customers, with the main targets being users of the nine primary Korean retail banks. Results show that perceived service quality of the physical environment, human service, Internet banking, mobile banking, and ATM has a positive influence on overall satisfaction and loyalty. Age moderates the relationship among physical environment quality, human service, and customer loyalty.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Demand forecasting is a crucial task for an online retail where has to manage daily fresh foods effectively. Failing in forecasting results loss of profitability because of incompetent inventory management. This study investigated the optimal performance of different forecasting models for a very short shelf-life product. Demand data of 13 perishable items with aging of 210 days were used for analysis. Our comparison results of four methods: Trivial Identity, Seasonal Naïve, Feed-Forward and Autoregressive Recurrent Neural Networks (DeepAR) reveals that DeepAR outperforms with the lowest MAPE. This study also suggests the managerial implications by employing coefficient of variation (CV) as demand variation indicators. Three classes: Low, Medium and High variation are introduced for classify 13 products into groups. Our analysis found that DeepAR is suitable for medium and high variations, while the low group can use any methods. With this approach, the case can gain benefit of better fill-rate performance.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.763-783
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• 2015

Online customer reviews (i.e., electronic word-of-mouth) has gained considerable interest over the past years. However, a knowledge gap exists in explaining the mechanisms among the factors that determine the product sales in online retailing environment. To fill the gap, this study adopts a principal-agent perspective to investigate the effect of customer reviews and customer incentives on product sales in online retail stores. Two customer review factors (i.e., average review ratings and the number of reviews) and two customer incentive factors (i.e., price discounts and special shipping offers) are used to predict product sales in regression analysis. The sales ranking data collected from the video game titles at Amazon.com are used to analyze the direct effects of the four factors and the interaction effects between customer review and customer incentive factors to product sales. Result reveals that most relationships exist as hypothesized. The findings support both the direct and interaction effects of customer reviews and incentive factors on product sales. Based on the findings, discussions are provided with regard to the academic and practical contributions.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.301-313
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• 2013

Though customer delight is becoming one of the most important marketing key words, research in a retail setting is limited. With the dramatic growth of online retail shopping, this study explored customer delight experiences in online shopping malls by identifying the delight elements and analyzing the elements by online purchase steps. A total of 124 delight experiences collected from an unstructured questionnaire were content-analyzed. Delight elements in online shopping were categorized into service, product, price, delivery, package, and shopping mall operation in that order. Service related elements including free gifts and letters, recovery efforts for service failure, kind employees, and easy return were most frequently observed. Delights were experienced at the product receiving point, the prior-to-purchase point, the order-to-delivery point, and the post-purchase point in that order. The results revealed that customer delights in online shopping were experienced in various purchase steps by various marketing elements. Based on the results the study provided research propositions exploring the effects of expectation vs surprise, monetary vs non-monetary/emotional benefits/rewards, and core marketing elements vs augmented services on delight experiences.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.45-55
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• 2023

Purpose: As one of the continuous studies on the offline distribution industry, the purpose of this study is to find ways for offline stores to respond to the growth of online shopping by identifying research trends on department stores. Research design, data and methodology: To this end, this study conducted word frequency analysis, word co-occurrence frequency analysis, BERTopic, LDA, and dynamic topic modeling using Python 3.7 on a total of 551 English abstracts searched with the keyword 'department store' in scienceON as of October 10, 2022. Results: The results of word frequency analysis and co-occurrence frequency analysis revealed that research related to department stores frequently focuses on factors such as customers, consumers, products, satisfaction, services, and quality. BERTopic and LDA analyses identified five topics, including 'store image,' with 'shopping information' showing relatively high interest, while 'sales systems' were observed to have relatively lower interest. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that research related to department stores has so far been conducted in a limited scope, and it is insufficient to provide clues for department stores to secure competitiveness against online platforms. Therefore, it is suggested that additional research be conducted on topics such as the true role of department stores in the retail industry, consumer reinterpretation, customer value and lifetime value, department stores as future retail spaces, ethical management, and transparent ESG management.