• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.4 s.261
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• pp.289-297
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• 2006

Background: Surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection shows a high operative mortality rate and frequent postoperative brain injury. This study was designed to find out the risk factors leading to operative mortality and brain injury after surgical repair in patients with type A aortic dissection. Material and Method: One hundred and eleven patients with type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical repair between February, 1995 and January 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 99 acute dissections and 12 chronic dissections. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify risk factors of operative mortality and brain injury. Resuit: Hospital mortality occurred in 6 patients (5.4%). Permanent neurologic deficit occurred in 8 patients (7.2%) and transient neurologic deficit in 4 (3.6%). Overall 1, 5, 7 year survival rate was 94.4, 86.3, and 81.5%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed 4 risk factors to be statistically significant as predictors of mortality: previous chronic type III dissection, emergency operation, intimal tear in aortic arch, and deep hypothemic circulatory arrest (DHCA) for more than 45 minutes. Multivariate analysis revealed previous chronic type III aortic dissection (odds ratio (OR) 52.2), and DHCA for more than 45 minutes (OR 12.0) as risk factors of operative mortality. Pathological obesity (OR 12.9) and total arch replacement (OR 8.5) were statistically significant risk factors of brain injury in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The result of surgical repair for Stanford type A aortic dissection was good when we took into account the mortality rate, the incidence of neurologic injury, and the long-term survival rate. Surgery of type A aortic dissection in patients with a history of chronic type III dissection may increase the risk of operative mortality. Special care should be taken and efforts to reduce the hypothermic circulatory arrest time should alway: be kept in mind. Surgeons who are planning to operate on patients with pathological obesity, or total arch replacement should be seriously consider for there is a higher risk of brain injury.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.313-321
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• 2004

Excellent clinical results of the arterial switch operation and the limited availablity of the intraventricular rerouting has recently made an arterial switch operation to become the therapeutic method of choice for the repair of double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect (VSD). The early and midterm outcomes of arterial switch operation for this anomaly were evaluated. Material and Method: Between August 1994 and July 2002, 13 patients underwent an arterial switch operation for the correction of double-outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary VSD at Dong-A university hospital.. The 50% rule was used to define DORV. Median age and mean body weight were 27 days (range, 3-120 days) and 3.8$\pm$0.7kg (range, 2.92-5.3kg) respectively. Aortic arch anomalies were associated in 6 cases (46.2%), which were all repaired through one-stage operation. The relationship of the great arteries were side-by-side in 8 cases (61.5%) and anteroposterior in 5 (38.5%). Coronary artery patterns were 1 LCx-2R in 6 cases, retropulmonary left coronary artery (LCA) in 6, and intramural LCA in 1 respectively. The enlargement of VSD was required in 1 patient and the patch enlargement of right ventricular outflow tract was performed in another one patient. The Lecompte maneuver was used in all but 3 patients with a side by side relationship of the great arteries. Result: Overall postoperative hospital mortality was 23.1 % (3/13). All operative deaths were occurred in the patients with aortic arch anomalies. There was one late death related to the postoperative complication of the central nerve system during the mean follow-up of 41.3$\pm$30.7 months. Pulmonary valvar stenosis (＞30mmHg of pressure gradient) developed in 1 patient (10%) and left pulmonary artery stenosis in 2 (20%), among them, one required reoperation 52 months after repair. There was an asymptomatic patient with moderate aortic regurgitation. 5-year survival rate including operative deaths was 68.3%. Conclusion: Although the operative mortality is high in the patients with aortic arch anomaly, the arterial switch operation for DORV with supbpulmonary VSD can be performed with low operative mortality and low reoperation rate in the patients Without arch anomaly. The arterial switch operation can be considered a good option for this complex anomaly.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2000

Insect pests of eggplant, pepper, Chinese cabbage, watermelon, cucumber, melon, and tomato seedlings were surveyed in eleven propagation houses from 1998 to 1999. Ten species of insect pests of nine genera in eight families, two species of mites of one genus in one family, and three species of slugsor snails in three genera belonging to two families were found from the observed seedlings but Bradysia agrestis was the most serious pest out of them. Thus, occurrence and damage of B. agrestis were investigated in two propagation houses all the year round. In the observation of seedling mortalities of seven crops in May, July, October and the following February, only watermelon seedlings were withered and dead by the larva of B. agrestis with different mortality depending on time representing 81.9%, 41.3%, 54.9%, and 79.1%, respectively. All the developmental stages of B. agrestis were found every month throughout the year. Larval density and adult density were different according to season with the highest numbers in May showing 34.9 and 407.4, respectively. Mortality of watermelon seedlings was higher in April and May than the other months showing 83.3% in April and 82.4% in May. The number of adults attracted to sticky trap was also different depending on card colour. The number of adults was much higher on yellow sticky card (326.2) than blue sticky card (20.2). In the investigation of the number of adults on yellow sticky card at 25 cm and 120 cm above the bench and 10 cm under the bench, more numbers of adults were caught at 25 cm above the bench (273.7) and 10 cm under the bench (320.1) than 120 cm above the bench (27.9). Mortalities of cucumber, pepper, and watermelon seedlings after transplanting in greenhouses were not significantly different depending on culture method.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.971-976
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• 1996

From March 1988 to October 1992, 201 CarboMedics cardiac valve prostheses (150 mitral, 50 aortic and 1 tricuspid) were implanted in 166 consecutive patients (mean age 38 years, male/female 66/100) by one surgical team operating on adult cardiac patients at Kyungpook University Hospital. Total follow up represen:toed 6646 patient-months (mean 40mon1hs) and follow up rate was 96%. One hundred and twenty-four patients (74.7 %) were in NYHA functional class 111 or tV preoperatively and 164 patients (98.7 %) were in class I or ll postoperatively. Hospital mortality was 4.2 % and late death was 4.2%. The actuarial survival at 78 months was 89.4%. The linearized incidence of valve related death, prosthetic valve thrombosis, anticoagulant related hemorrhage, non-structural dysfunction and reoperation was 0.72%/pt-yr, 0.18%/pt-yr, 0.18%trapt-yr, 0.18 %/pt-yr and 0. 36%/pt-yr respective y. The 78 month rates of freedom from valve related death, prosthetic valve thrombosis, anticoagulant related hemorrhage, non-structural dysfunction and reoperation were 94.9%, 99.4%, 99.4%, 98.6 % and 97.9 % respectivly. The 78 month rate of freedom from all valve related complications and deaths including hospital mortality was 90.9%. These fact suggest that the CarboMedics cardiac valve has execellent result, low incidence of valve-ie-lated complications and no structural deterioration, and long term follow up study is necessary.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2019

A Termiticide that is applied to the soil treatment method, one of the methods for preventing termites in Korea's wooden cultural properties, will be subjected to the leaching of the effective ingredient in treated soil by the moisture behavior of rain. As a result, termiticide is deteriorated and needs to be reprocessed, but the standards and evaluation methods are nonexistent in korea. Accordingly, a basic indoor evaluation measure was proposed for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the termiticide chamber and the calculation of the reprocessing period. First, avoidance and contact toxicity were assessed at two concentrations of the same termiticide as a method for assessing termiticide suitability. The evaluation of mortality revealed that the soil termiticide used in this experiment was non-repellent, and that death from contact was confirmed. Afterwards, artificial rainfall and soil penetration tests were conducted to determine efficacy of termiticide in soil and the approximate reprocessing period was calculated by comparing the weather data. Persistence evaluation revealed perforation by termites after continuous water exposure of more than about 160 to 170mm of water injection condition. Based on the results, compared with weather data for the last five years, the termiticide of concentration used in this experiment is expected to remain effective for about one year if treated after September. The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the establishment of a manual for the selection of termiticide for soil treatment by calculating the efficacy for termite mortality and the duration of the leaching effectiveness by water behavior in soil.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.420-428
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• 2009

In this study, the variation of 20 Pinus thunbergii isolates of F. circinatum from 2 damaged sites in Jeju-Island were compared with a known Fusarium circinatum using molecular biological techniques. Two- and four-year-old seedlings of Pinus rigida${\times}$Pinus x rigitaeda and two-, three- and six-year-old seedlings of P. thunbergii were inoculated with one of the most virulent isolates, FT-7, to determine differences in susceptibility. In site 1 (FT), 13 isolates of F. circinatum were isolated from 14 individuals and in site 2 (FS), 7 isolates of F. circinatum were isolated from 9 individuals. No difference was found in the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA genes in the FS and FT isolates, and also even in the known isolate of F. circinatum, FE 1-1. However, the ITS sequences of the FS and FT isolates differed from those of a fungus, Botrytis cinerea. Two-year-old seedlings of P. rigida${\times}$P. x rigitaeda showed higher susceptibility (93.3% of mortality) than four-year-old ones. Three-year-old seedlings of P. thunbergii showed the highest susceptibility (66.7% of mortality) compared to those at other ages in the same species. We found a positive correlation between basal diameter and lesion length in the seedlings of P. rigida${\times}$P. x rigitaeda ($R^2=0.66$) and P. thunbergii (p < 0.0001), respectively. There were significant differences in susceptibility by the age of seedlings in each of P. rigida${\times}$P. x rigitaeda (p < 0.0001) and P. thunbergii (p < 0.0001) based on lesion length.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1996

From march 1989 to October 1993, 57 patients were diagnosed and operated for primary non-small cell lung cancer, and evaluated clinically. 1. There were 45 males and 12 females (M:F=3.8:1), and the peak incidence of age was 6th decade of life (45.6%). In the preoperative diagnostic methods and their positive rate, sputum cytology was 11%, bronchial washing cytology 50%, bronchoscopic biopsy 73%, and CT guided percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy 83%. 3. Histopathologically, squamous cell carcinoma was 56.1%, adenocarcinoma 22.8%, bronchioloal veolar cell carcinoma 1%, and undifferentiated large cell carcinoma 1.8%. 4. In the operation, pneumonectomy was 35.1%, lobectomy 38.6%, bilobectomy 3.5%, segmentec tony 7%, and exploratory thoracotomy 15.8%, and overall resectability was 84.2%. 5. In postoperative stagings, stage I was 28.1%, st ge II 22.8%, stage IIIa 31.6% and stage IIIb 17.5%. 6. Postoperative complications were developed in 11 cases (19.3%) and operative mortality was none. 7. One year survival rate in rejectable cases was 87.0%, 2 year 61.6% and 5 year 44.9%. According to stage, 3 year survival rate was 75.8% in stage I, 16.9% in stage II, 60.9% in stage IIIa, 50% in stage IIIb.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3139-3145
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• 2016

Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, characterized by irregular cell growth. Cytotoxicity or killing tumor cells that divide rapidly is the basic function of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, these agents can damage normal dividing cells, leading to adverse effects in the body. In view of great advances in cancer therapy, which are increasingly reported each year, we quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated the papers published between 1981 and December 2015, with a closer look at the highly cited papers (HCPs), for a better understanding of literature related to cytotoxicity in cancer therapy. Online documents in the Web of Science (WOS) database were analyzed based on the publication year, the number of times they were cited, research area, source, language, document type, countries, organization-enhanced and funding agencies. A total of 3,473 publications relevant to the target key words were found in the WOS database over 35 years and 86% of them (n=2,993) were published between 2000-2015. These papers had been cited 54,330 times without self-citation from 1981 to 2015. Of the 3,473 publications, 17 (3,557citations) were the most frequently cited ones between 2005 and 2015. The topmost HCP was about generating a comprehensive preclinical database (CCLE) with 825 (23.2%) citations. One third of the remaining HCPs had focused on drug discovery through improving conventional therapeutic agents such as metformin and ginseng. Another 33% of the HCPs concerned engineered nanoparticles (NPs) such as polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendritic polymers, PTX/SPIO-loaded PLGAs and cell-derived NPs to increase drug effectiveness and decrease drug toxicity in cancer therapy. The remaining HCPs reported novel factors such as miR-205, Nrf2 and p27 suggesting their interference with development of cancer in targeted cancer therapy. In conclusion, analysis of 35-year publications and HCPs on cytotoxicity in cancer in the present report provides opportunities for a better understanding the extent of topics published and may help future research in this area.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1241-1247
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• 1996

From January 1989 to March 1996, we have operated on 102 cases of non-small cell lung cancer at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine. They were clinically evaluated. The results are as follows; 1. The peak incidence of age of primary lung cancer was 5th decade(34.3%) and 6th decade(38.2%). Male to female ratio was 2.5:1. 2. Most of symptoms were respiratory, which were cough(61.8%), sputum(43.l%), chest discomfort and pain(30.4%), dyspnea(27.5%), and hemoptysis(9.8%). Asymptomatic cases were 1.9% of study group. 3. Methods of diagnostic confirmation were bronchoscopic biopsy(59.8%), sputum cytology(17.6%), percutaneous needle aspiration(11.8%) and open biopsy(10.8%). 4. Histopathologic classifications were squamous cell carcinoma(55.9%), adenocarcinoma(30.5%), adenosquamous cell carcinoma(6.9%), large cell carcinoma(4.9%), bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma(0.9%), and mixed cell carcinoma(0.9%). 5. Methods of operation were pneumonectony(47.1%), lobectomy(38.2%), bilobectomy(5.9%), wedge resection(1.9%), exploration(6.9%), and overall resectability was 93.1%. 6. Postoperative staging classifications were Stage I (13.7%), Stage II(31.4%), Stage IIIa(38.3%), Stage IIIb(14.7%), and Stage IV(1.9%). 7. The postoperative complications developed in 9.8%, and operative mortality was 1.9 %. 8. One year survival rate was 81.7%, 3 year 49.7% and 5 year 21.8%. According to stage, 5 year survival rate was 39% in stage I, 24.3% in stage II, 23.9% in stage IIIa.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 1999

In Yugoslavia, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is one of the important national health problem, but no vaccine has been used to prevent HFRS. Since first HFRS case in 1952, sporadic cases of HFRS occurred every year and over 4,000 registered cases with $1{\sim}16%$ mortality so far. We performed a prospective, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of $Hantavax^{TM}$ against HFRS in 3,900 healthy adults living in the endemic areas of Yugoslavia. 1,900 people were given 0.5 ml of Hantavax subcutaneously twice at one month interval and a booster shot at one year after. For controls other 2,000 healthy people were given 0.5 ml of physiolosical saline as a placebo. We investigated HFRS cases in both the vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups by monitoring the program for patient registration in the areas from 1996 to 1998, and the effect of vaccine was analyzed epidemiologically. No confirmed case of HFRS was observed among 1,900 Hantavax vaccinees, while 20 confirmed cases were observed among 2,000 nonvaccinated control group. There were no remarkable side effects among the vaccinees either locally or in general after inoculation of the vaccine. The Hantavax vaccine showed statistically significant protective efficacy against HFRS among Yugoslavian people.