• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.293-314
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• 2011

The current study investigated the position of future strategy analyzed from the perspective of design management in relation to 10 strategic industries implemented through 3 steps based on promising growth and advancement of Busan industries and evidence provided from a study on the development program of design industry in Busan. It elucidated the role of design industry as a key role from the perspective of design management in an age of creative revolution of futures values. It analyzed the associations between composition of future strategy and design industry in 10 strategic industries of Busan, and explained the relationships with the strategic industries. The perspective of design management involves that design as a ground of values is an industry of the future values, which performs a key strategic function and role, and a theoretical investigation examined the relationships between main functions of design management and business management. Chapter 3 organized items proposed in the design development program in Busan and examined goals and systems which become basic formation of establishment of design strategy in Busan and conditions for design industry in the associations with strategic industry. Chapter 4 described priorities of practicability by step through analyzing and grouping top 30 projects in Busan industry including meanings as key strategy, position relations, and policy priorities by analyzing elements of design management of strategic industry and describing and analyzing the concept of promoting Busan design. The theme of the present study is to change perception of design management as a key value and a condition to decide creativity industry into future industry and to evaluate vision of Busan design industry and meanings proposed as proceeding strategy. The early 21st century is an age when agrarian society has changed into industrial society is dominated by knowledge economy of the information revolution and one should prepare for the growth phase of creative innovation based on creative revolution of the 4th wave of creative society by design management which has become a center in 2000s on the whole. With the advent of creative paradigm and based on the function and role of the current creative economy age new innovation DNA of design management will be created. Design process has changed through information and knowledge-oriented trends of digital through convergence between industries from industrial design to convergence of industries, and it is expected that integrated design of value creation using information and technology will play a key role in Busan design industry development and top 10 strategic industries.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.57-76
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• 2017

Recently, consumer needs are diversifying as information technologies are evolving rapidly. A lot of IT devices such as smart phones and tablet PCs are launching following the trend of information technology. While IT devices focused on the technical advance and improvement a few years ago, the situation is changed now. There is no difference in functional aspects, so companies are trying to differentiate IT devices in terms of appearance design. Consumers also consider design as being a more important factor in the decision-making of smart phones. Smart phones have become a fashion items, revealing consumers' own characteristics and personality. As the design and appearance of the smartphone become important things, it is necessary to examine consumer values from the design and appearance of IT devices. Furthermore, it is crucial to clarify the mechanisms of consumers' design evaluation and develop the design evaluation model based on the mechanism. Since the influence of design gets continuously strong, various and many studies related to design were carried out. These studies can classify three main streams. The first stream focuses on the role of design from the perspective of marketing and communication. The second one is the studies to find out an effective and appealing design from the perspective of industrial design. The last one is to examine the consumer values created by a product design, which means consumers' perception or feeling when they look and feel it. These numerous studies somewhat have dealt with consumer values, but they do not include product attributes, or do not cover the whole process and mechanism from product attributes to consumer values. In this study, we try to develop the holistic design evaluation model based on consumer values based on three-step approach from product attributes, perceived attributes, to consumer values. Product attributes means the real and physical characteristics each smart phone has. They consist of bezel, length, width, thickness, weight and curvature. Perceived attributes are derived from consumers' perception on product attributes. We consider perceived size of device, perceived size of display, perceived thickness, perceived weight, perceived bezel (top - bottom / left - right side), perceived curvature of edge, perceived curvature of back side, gap of each part, perceived gloss and perceived screen ratio. They are factorized into six clusters named as 'Size,' 'Slimness,' 'No-Frame,' 'Roundness,' 'Screen Ratio,' and 'Looseness.' We conducted qualitative research to find out consumer values, which are categorized into two: look and feel values. We identified the values named as 'Silhouette,' 'Neatness,' 'Attractiveness,' 'Polishing,' 'Innovativeness,' 'Professionalism,' 'Intellectualness,' 'Individuality,' and 'Distinctiveness' in terms of look values. Also, we identifies 'Stability,' 'Comfortableness,' 'Grip,' 'Solidity,' 'Non-fragility,' and 'Smoothness' in terms of feel values. They are factorized into five key values: 'Sleek Value,' 'Professional Value,' 'Unique Value,' 'Comfortable Value,' and 'Solid Value.' Finally, we developed the holistic design evaluation model by analyzing each relationship from product attributes, perceived attributes, to consumer values. This study has several theoretical and practical contributions. First, we found consumer values in terms of design evaluation and implicit chain relationship from the objective and physical characteristics to the subjective and mental evaluation. That is, the model explains the mechanism of design evaluation in consumer minds. Second, we suggest a general design evaluation process from product attributes, perceived attributes to consumer values. It is an adaptable methodology not only smart phone but also other IT products. Practically, this model can support the decision-making when companies initiative new product development. It can help product designers focus on their capacities with limited resources. Moreover, if its model combined with machine learning collecting consumers' purchasing data, most preferred values, sales data, etc., it will be able to evolve intelligent design decision support system.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to analyze the factors influencing integrated bolus peak timing in contrast-enhanced computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and to determine a method of calculating personal peak time. The optimal time was calculated by performing multiple linear regression analysis, after finding the influence factors through correlation analysis between integrated peak time of contrast medium and personal measured value by monitoring CTA scans. The radiation exposure dose in CTA was $716.53mGy{\cdot}cm$ and the radiation exposure dose in monitoring scan was 15.52 mGy (2 - 34 mGy). The results were statistically significant (p < .01). Regression analysis revealed, a -0.160 times decrease with a one-step increase in heart rate in male, and -0.004, -0.174, and 0.006 times decrease with one-step in DBP, heart rate, and blood sugar, respectively, in female. In a consistency test of peak time by calculating measured peak time and peak time by using the regression equation, the consistency was determined to be very high for male and female. This study could prevent unnecessary dose exposure by encouraging in clinic calculation of personal integrated peak time of contrast medium prior to examination.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2016

There have been much efforts to reconstruct the science curriculum focusing on Disciplinary Core Ideas(DCI) in many countries such as America and Europe, the most practical effort has been to design a curriculum with learning progressions(LPs). LPs describe stepwise how students can systematically move toward the understanding of more sophisticated ideas or scientific activities and explain in succession the process of understanding the ideas while the students learn. In this study, a LP for ecosystems has been developed, and the developed LP is then evaluated accordingly. The Ecosystem is one of the DCI of the life science in Next Generation Science Standards(NGSS). The development process of the LP was set at step 4(Development, Assessment, Analysis, and Amendment), and developed through an iterative process of sequences. As a result of analyzing the developed LP, an assessment based on the LP provides reliable information to identifying student ability. This study proposes the development process of the LP and its methodological aspects to use Core Achievement Standards, Ordered Multiple-Choice items and the Rasch model. In addition, using the empirically proven LP suggests a way of strengthening curriculum linked to educational content, teaching methods and assessment. Utilizing the proposed development process in this study will be to present the standard into the direction of becoming part of the curriculum. Currently, the state of domestic research for the LP is still lacking. This study determined the development process of the LP and the need to conduct future research on the LPs.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of the existence of high-risk groups of dental caries and influential factors for the high-risk groups, as there was a possibility that certain people might especially be at risk of suffering from dental caries when decayed, missing, and filled teeth index were analyzed, which were the typical indicators of dental caries. The data of the 4th National Health & Nutrition Survey for 2007, 2008 and 2009 were analyzed. Significant caries index (SiC index) were calculated, which were one of the representative devices to indicate high-risk groups of dental caries, and the SiC index and related factors were analyzed by using $x^2$ (chi-square) test. Besides, logistic regression analysis was utilized to find out influential factors, and a statistical package STATA 11.0 was employed. As a result of analyzing what factors would be linked to high-risk groups of dental caries, it's found that women were more likely to belong to high-risk groups than men (p<0.01). How the related factors affected the high-risk groups was analyzed, and it's found that those who didn't find themselves to be in good oral health were more likely to be classified into a high-risk group, and that those who brushed their teeth three times a more a day on a regular basis were more likely to belong to a high-risk group than the others who didn't (p<0.01). Thus, SiC index were calculated in this study to confirm the existence of dental caries high-risk groups, and what factors impacted on the high-risk groups was ascertained. It's required to implement efficient national policies to step up the promotion of national oral health based on the findings of the study.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 2009

I think this will be valuable reference for assuring consistency and homogeneity of clarity and managing dental radiation equipment by experimentation of dental radiation equipment permanent which based on KS C IEC 61223-3-4 standard and KS C IEC 61223-2-7. Put a dental radiation generator and experiment equipment as source and film(sensor) length within 30 em, place the step-wedge above the film(sensor). Tie up tube voltage 60 kVp, tube current 7 mA and then get an each image through CCD sensor and film by changing the exposure time as 0.12sec, 0.25sec, 0.4sec. Repeat the test 5times as a same method. Measure the concentration of each stage of film image, which gained by experiment, using photometer. And the image that gained by CCD sensor, analyze the pixel value's change by using image J, which is analyzing image program provided by NIH(National Institutes of Health). In case of film, while 0.12sec and 0.25sec show regular rising pattern of density gap as exposure time's increase, 0.4sec shows low rather than 0.12sec and 0.25sec. In case of CCD sensor density test, the result shows opposite pattern of film. This makes me think that pixels of CCD's sensor can have 0~255 value but it becomes saturation if the value is over 255. The way that getting clear reception during decreasing human's exposed radiation is one of maintaining an equipment as a best condition. So we should keeping a dental radiation equipment's condition steadily through cyclic permanent test after factor examination. Even digital equipment doesn't maintain a permanent, it can maintain a clarity by post processing of image so that hard to set it as standard of permanent test. Therefore it would be more increase the accuracy that compare a film as standard image. Thus I consider it will be an important measurement to care for dental radiation equipment and warrant homogeneity, consistency of dental image's clarity through comparing pattern which is the result from factor test against cyclic permanent test.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

Enhancing performance of big data analytics in distributed environment has been issued because most of the big data related applications such as machine learning techniques and streaming services generally utilize distributed computing frameworks. Thus, optimizing performance of those applications at Spark has been actively researched. Since optimizing performance of the applications at distributed environment is challenging because it not only needs optimizing the applications themselves but also requires tuning of the distributed system configuration parameters. Although prior researches made a huge effort to improve execution performance, most of them only focused on one of three performance optimization aspect: application design, system tuning, hardware utilization. Thus, they couldn't handle an orchestration of those aspects. In this paper, we deeply analyze and model the application processing procedure of the Spark. Through the analyzed results, we propose performance optimization schemes for each step of the procedure: inner stage and outer stage. We also propose appropriate partitioning mechanism by analyzing relationship between partitioning parallelism and performance of the applications. We applied those three performance optimization schemes to WordCount, Pagerank, and Kmeans which are basic big data analytics and found nearly 50% performance improvement when all of those schemes are applied.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

The application of the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) methodology to analyze the environmental burden of appling the digestates to corn field including different swine waste treatment systems was investigated. The first part of LCA is an inventory of parameters used to emissions released due to the system under investigation. In the following step, the Life Cycle Impact Assessment, the inventory data were analyzed and aggregated in order to finally get one index representing the each environmental burden. Each corn field applied with the aerobic and anaerobic digestates including different swine waste treatment systems was used as an example for the life cycle impact analysis. With analyzing the agricultural environmental burden, it observed that the effect of corn field applied aerobic digestate including digestion system was 7.6 times higher at eutrophication effects, but global warming potential effect was 0.9 times less than its applied anaerobic digestate.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.919-926
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• 2009

Enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) bacteria is the essential step for operating full-scale ANAMMOX bioreactor because adding a significant amount of seeding sludge is required to stabilize the ANAMMOX reactor. In this study, the enrichment of ANAMMOX bacteria from an activated sludge using sequencing batch reactor was conducted and verified by analyzing changes in the microbial community structure. ANAMMOX bacteria were successfully enriched for 70 days and the substrate removal efficiencies showed 98.5% and 90.7% for $NH_4\;^+$ and $NO_2\;^-$ in the activity test, respectively. The phylogenetic trees of Planctomycetes phylum showed that the diverse microbial community structure of an activated sludge was remarkably simplified after the enrichment. All 36 clones, obtained after the enrichment, were affiliated with ANAMMOX bacteria of Candidatus Brocadia (36%) and Candidatus Anammoxoglobus (64%) genera. The quantification using real-time quantitative PCR (RTQ-PCR) revea ed that the 16S rDNA concentration of ANAMMOX bacteria was 74.8% compared to the granular ANAMMOX sludge obtained from an upflow ANAMMOX sludge bed reactor which had been operated for more than one year. The results of molecular analysis supported that the enriched sludge could be used as a seeding sludge for a full-scale ANAMMOX bioreactor.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.540-548
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• 2012

The Weapon Target Allocation(WTA) problem is the NP-Complete problem. The WTA problem is that the threatful air targets are assigned by weapon of allies for killing the targets. A good solution of NP-complete problem is heuristic algorithms. Genetic algorithms are commonly used heuristic for global optimization, and it is good solution on the diverse problem domain. But there has been very little research done on the generation of their initial population. The initialization of population is one of the GA step, and it decide to initial value of individuals. In this paper, we propose to the population initialization method to improve a Genetic Algorithm. When it initializes population, the proposed algorithm reflects the characteristics of the WTA problem domain, and inherits the dominant gene. In addition, the search space widely spread in the problem space to find efficiently the good quality solution. In this paper, the proposed algorithm to verify performance examine that an analysis of various properties and the experimental results by analyzing the performance compare to other algorithms. The proposed algorithm compared to the other initialization methods and a general genetic algorithm. As a result, the proposed algorithm showed better performance in WTA problem than the other algorithms. In particular, the proposed algorithm is a good way to apply to the variety of situation WTA problem domain, because the proposed algorithm can be applied flexibly to WTA problem by the adjustment of RMI.