• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 2004

It is known that one out of every ten people walking down the street is left-handed. In daily living, left-handed people come across hardwares and facilities that were designed for right-handed people. Most tools, utensils, office equipment, home appliances, clothes, medical instruments, sporting goods, weapons, and public facilities are made for the right-handed person. Many left-handed people thus have trouble with living in our environments. In this study, 1,933 Korean male and female subjects aging from 10 to 82 were selected to investigate the various statistics about hand dominance and their employment characteristics of preferred hand in handling diverse products and facilities. The statistics showed that 5.6% were left-handed and 7.6% were ambidexter. There were strong tendency that left-handed people use more left hand when take action that force is required than when take exquisite action. Ambidexter and right-handed people use more right hand when they take exquisite action is required than when take action that force is required. It was found from these results that people use their hands differently depending on the hand dominance when they handle things, hence this should be considered in designing hand control devices.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.8-15
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• 2010

This study was designed to investigate the effect of different hand positions on scapulothorcic muscle activities during push-up plus exercises. Fourteen healthy males performed push-up plus exercises under three conditions (neutral, $90^{\circ}$ internally rotated, and $90^{\circ}$ externally rotated hand positions), during which the activities of the serratus anterior, pectoralis major, and upper trapezius muscles were recorded using surface electromyography. The statistical significance at three different hand positions was tested by repeated one-way ANOVA. The mean activities of the serratus anterior increased and the mean activities of the pectoralis major decreased in the order of neutral hand position, internally rotated hand position, and externally rotated hand position. There was a significant difference during push-up plus between neutral and externally rotated hand positions as well as in the serratus anterior/pectoralis major activity ratio (p<.0.5). However, no significant differences were found in the activity of the upper trapezius muscle or the serratus anterior/upper trapezius activity ratio. We suggest that the push-up plus exercise performed in the externally rotated hand position could a beneficial strategy for selective strengthening of the serratus anterior muscle, while minimizing the activity of the pectoralis major muscle.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.594-599
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• 2006

In this paper an anthropomorphic robot hand called SKKU Hand IIl is presented, which has a miniaturized fingertip tactile sensor. The thumb is designed as one part of the palm and multiplies the mobility of the palm. The fingertip tactile sensor, based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and pressure variable resistor ink, is physically flexible enough to be deformed into any three-dimensional geometry. In order to detect incipient slip, a PVDF strip is arranged along the direction normal to the surface of the finger of the robot hand. Also, a thin flexible sensor to sense the static force as well as the contact location is fabricated into an arrayed type using pressure variable resistor ink. The driving circuits and the tactile sensing systems for the SKKU Hand II are embedded in the hand. Each driving circuit communicates with others using CAN protocol. SKKU Hand II is manufactured and its feasibility is validated through preliminary experiments.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2010

Hand-washing is one of the major factors in personal hygiene and public health. This study was undertaken to investigate the hygienic behavior of food-service employees, focusing on awareness of hand washing, hand washing practices, and the load of index microorganisms (aerobic plate count, total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus) on the hands of food-service employees. A questionnaire survey completed by direct interview, direct observation of restrooms by the researcher and trained observers, and microbiological examination according to the Food Code of Korea were carried out. In the survey, a positive attitude toward hand washing compliance was reported; however, improper hand washing and poor hand hygiene of the food-service employees were seen under direct observation. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the questionnaire survey and the direct observations in hand washing compliance after using the toilet, duration of hand washing, use of hand washing agents, use of hand washing tools, washing of different parts of the hands, hand-drying method, temperature of water, and method of turning off the water. Samples taken from employees' hands before washing showed higher levels of bacteria than those taken during work and/or after washing (p<0.05). Poor hand washing practices were indicated by the positive results for total and fecal coliforms, E. coli, and S. aureus on the hands of some food-service employees. This study showed that there is a marked difference between the food-service employees' awareness of hand-washing and their actual hand-washing practices. The poor hand hygiene of and improper hand washing by the food-service employees should be addressed for improved food safety.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.675-682
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• 2009

In this paper, we study the uniqueness problems on entire functions sharing one value. We improve and generalize some previous results of Zhang and Lin [11]. On the one hand, we consider the case for some more general differential polynomials $[f^nP(f)]^{(k)}$ where $P({\omega})$ is a polynomial; on the other hand, we relax the nature of sharing value from CM to IM.

• IE interfaces
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.185-197
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• 1995

Nowadays, various sides such as political, economical, technical and social sides of the companies' environment are changed rapidly. Such changes could provide a risk on one hand and a good chance on the other hand to the companies. Only one that has quick self-adaption can survive such kinds of challenges. Thus, from now on, profitable survival of a company depends on how fast they can adapt for the changes. Therefore it is introduced here the production method of a new concept for solving many problems which exist in the present production and manufacture.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.784-793
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• 2012

This paper deals with subcarrier allocation strategies for soft hand-over in OFDMA-based cellular systems. Two possible subcarrier allocation methods are considered for soft hand-over. One method is to use an identical subcarrier set between the two cells participating in the hand-over. The other is to use different subcarrier sets between the two cells. As expected, the different subcarrier strategy is better in terms of diversity order and BER than the identical subcarrier strategy. It will be shown that the BER performance difference between the two strategies is more noticeable with contiguous subcarrier allocation. But the different subcarrier strategy consumes twice more frequency resources than the other, and there is a trade-off between the two strategies in terms of BER and frequency resources. By considering the trade-off, we also propose a subcarrier allocation strategy for soft hand-over.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.715-725
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• 2010

Many researches for grip strengths, using diverse ways such as subject, equipment, posture, method, has been conducted to investigate the differences of grip performance of dominant hand and non-dominant hand. It is hard to conclude, however, with one single or simple answer for this question based on researches due to various findings. Although 'the 10% rule' which is the dominant hand may produces a 10% greater grip strength than the non-dominant hand was often mentioned for this issue, there is still lack of supports for utilizing to general cases. This manuscript provides an overall review on the 53 research papers which were measured grip strengths of dominant as well as non-dominant hand in various conditions. According to this review study, many research findings reported that overall the grip strength differences between dominant and non-dominant hands were 6~10%, regardless of gender and age, followed by 0~5%, 11~15%, and over 16%. More detail information for grip strengths in both hands for gender and age groups were also presented in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.27-33
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the relationships among stress response inventory, hospital anxiety and depression, muscle tone and stiffness, and hand strength in chronic stroke patients. METHODS: A total of 14 chronic stroke patients voluntarily agreed to this experiment and were included in this study. All measurements were performed in one day and in a room without noise. The tests conducted in this study were as follows: muscle tone and stiffness of the upper trapezius hand grip measurement. Subjects were also asked to complete surveys describing the following: stress response inventory and hospital anxiety and depression scale. RESULTS: There were significant correlations among stress response inventory and hospital anxiety and depression, stress response inventory and hand strength, and hospital anxiety and depression and hand strength (P<.05). There were high positive correlations between stress response inventory and hospital anxiety and depression (r=.979), while there were moderate negative correlations between stress response inventory and hand strength (r=-.415) and between hospital anxiety and depression and hand strength (r=-.420). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that there is a relationship among stress response inventory, hospital anxiety and depression, and hand strength in patients with chronic stroke.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.384-388
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• 2019

The horse stable hand workers are one of the most important occupations in horse-racing industry. However, suicide problem of the horse stable hand workers in Korea has raised the necessity of new study on how these workers experience mental health problems such as occupational stress and depression in organizational situation. Therefore, this study investigated the occupational stress and depression level of the horse stable hand workers and identified the structural relationship in the horse-racing industry through a detailed interview. A total of 207 horse stable hand workers participated in this study, and occupational stress and depression level were surveyed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) and Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). The results of this study showed that the occupational stress level of horse stable hand workers was higher than the median of Korean population. The significant difference in occupational stress among the detail job grade was also identified. In addition, 34% of the horse stable hand workers showed high risk of depression, and job demand, organizational system, and inappropriate compensation as the subfactors of occupational stress were showed to mainly affect depression. Although there are some limitations according to the field survey, this study also has significant meaning in that it identifies the relationship between the occupational characteristics of the horse stable hand workers and the mental health. It will be necessary to study the diverse organizational situation and individual mental health for new occupations.