• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.278-287
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide with basic information on application of hand acupuncture as a complementary and alternative therapy by giving some recognition of efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture. And so, answers for questionnaires of 290 respondents were used for this research and collected from June 5 through 13, 1999 from adults twenty and over who were participating in the hand acupuncture training program in Seoul and had some direct experiences with hand acupuncture therapy, whatever they had been treated and/or had treated. To secure reliability of measurement tool. Cronbach'a has been calculated and Factor Analysis was done as Validity Analysis of question classification. Demograprucal characteristics of hand acupuncture experienced people and factors related to hand acupuncture experiences are calculated based on the real number and percentage. The degree of recognition of efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture is made as average and standard deviation, while the degree of recognition of efficiency and effectiveness based on general characteristics come from one-way ANOVA. 1. According to socio-demographical analysis. the questioned could be classified firstly as age (40-49 : 32.5%. 30-39 : 24.9%. 50-59 : 21.9%. 60-69 : 14.7%. 20-29 : 6.0%). secondly gender (male 36.6%. female 63.4%). thirdly occupation (housewife: 43.8%. self-employed: 15.5%. company-employee: 14.8%). fourthly education (high school graduate: 41.9%, college graduate: 37.9%), and lastly monthly-income (1 to 2 million: 51.4%. 2 to 3 million: 20,3%) 2, As for the general aspects related to hand acupuncture. 80,0% of the respondents answered almost zero for the monthly average number of visit to hospital and 15.5% responded 1 to 2 visits, 6,2% of the respondents is complaining of a disorder of digestive system. 19,0% circulatory disease, 10.7% bad nervous system. By utilizing hand acupuncture, 84% of the questioned have following experiences in curing diseases: digestive system 47.3%, circulatory system 9.3%, nervous system 8.3%, 54,1% are curing 1 to 2 and 10.3% 3 to 4 patients on a daily basis with hand acupuncture. Research on the demerits of giving medical treatment with hand acupuncture shows 23,8% are feeling economic burden. 16.6% difficulty of learning and 16.2% weak theoretical backgrounds. 3. Among the efficiency recognition, possibility of general application is average 4,29 and simple treatment is 4,19. economic merits 4.36. possibility of establishment with supplementary and alternative medicine 4.17, medical effectiveness 4.09. 4, As a result of demographical analysis on the efficiency and effectiveness of hand acupuncture therapy, it appears that the recognition of efficiency based on occupation and the recognition of effectiveness based on monthly income are most significant to be noticed. In an orderly fashion. government-employee, self-employed, company-employee. and then housewife have perceived hand acupuncture very efficiently, And those who recognize hand acupuncture to be most effective are people earn 1 million to 2 million won a month, 5. The efficiency(p = .003) and effectiveness (p= .049) of hand acupuncture therapy by number of visit to hospital were statiscally significant, and effectiveness of hand acupuncture therapy by disease exist was statiscally significant (p= .033).

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 1990

This paper deals with a FOQ( ; fixed-order quantity) model for spare-part inventory control. In a spare-part inventory problem, stock depletion arises not from external market demand but from internal demand resulting from failures of parts in use. The problem differs from the classical inventory problem in that the demand for a failed part never arises more during stockout period, since the unit remains inoperative when stockout occurs until the failed part is replaced by new one. In the problem under consideration, n identical units are operating simultaneously and failed one is replaced immediately by new one if on-hand spares remain. In order to replenish spares, an order with quantity Q is placed whenever the number of on-hand spares falls to levels. The average annual cost of operating the spare-part inventory system is derived under the assumption that both lifetime of a part and replenishment lead-time distributions are exponential.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2001.01a
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• pp.336-342
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• 2001

One of the most important problems on rule induction methods is that they cannot extract rules, which plausibly represent experts decision processes. On one hand, rule induction methods induce probabilistic rules, the description length of which is too short, compared with the experts rules. On the other hand, construction of Bayesian networks generates too lengthy rules. In this paper, the characteristics of experts rules are closely examined and a new approach to extract plausible rules is introduced, which consists of the following three procedures. First, the characterization of decision attributes (given classes) is extracted from databases and the classes are classified into several groups with respect to the characterization. Then, two kinds of sub-rules, characterization rules for each group and discrimination rules for each class in the group are induced. Finally, those two parts are integrated into one rule for each decision attribute. The proposed method was evaluated on a medical database, the experimental results of which show that induced rules correctly represent experts decision processes.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.323-348
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• 2009

Kazuo Ishiguro's fifth novel When We Were Orphans (2000) tells the story of Christopher Banks, a private detective, who embarks on the ultimate case of his career, the puzzle of his own life. The novel consists of two overall parts, one taking place in London, the other in Shanghai-a division which reveals one of the novel's major themes, the relation between home and abroad. Set in the 1930s, Ishiguro's novel on the one hand contains all the classic ingredients of the so called golden age detective genre-an archetypal English private detective, equipped with fierce deductive skills and a magnifying glass, as well as suspects, criminals, and victims-and yet on the other hand it also deviates in significant ways. In this article, I will attempt to make some links between When We Were Orphans and the genre paradigm of the golden age detective story, arguing that Ishiguro's novel offers an exploration of the genre's ideological connections to a larger historical discourse of imperial nostalgia and decline.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.14
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• pp.53-63
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• 2008

This paper examines the expression of hand appeared in animation. The hand changed its role from the status of the traditional representation to the enlarged meaning; the hand image has shown the individual consciousness and the social reality that has been reflected to our society. On the basis of clarify these concern, the hand appeared in animation gives a new communication and another way to express reality. Futhermore, the hand is no longer an image with realistic representation which generated a form of the consciousness of human being based on the reflection of its own self-identify through the exaggeration and transformation. This means that the hand as a whole is represented by naming one of its parts or vice versa. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper to study the effect and signification process which a synecdoche creates on the work of animation. In conclusion, the expression of hand as new interpretation appeared in animation adapts itself to changing the perspective on animation.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2008

While increasing demand of the service for the disabled and the elderly people, assistive technologies have been developed rapidly. The natural signal of human such as voice or gesture has been applied to the system for assisting the disabled and the elderly people. As an example of such kind of human robot interface, the Soft Remote Control System has been developed by HWRS-ERC in $KAIST^[1]$. This system is a vision-based hand gesture recognition system for controlling home appliances such as television, lamp and curtain. One of the most important technologies of the system is the hand gesture recognition algorithm. The frequently occurred problems which lower the recognition rate of hand gesture are inter-person variation and intra-person variation. Intra-person variation can be handled by inducing fuzzy concept. In this paper, we propose multivariate fuzzy decision tree(MFDT) learning and classification algorithm for hand motion recognition. To recognize hand gesture of a new user, the most proper recognition model among several well trained models is selected using model selection algorithm and incrementally adapted to the user's hand gesture. For the general performance of MFDT as a classifier, we show classification rate using the benchmark data of the UCI repository. For the performance of hand gesture recognition, we tested using hand gesture data which is collected from 10 people for 15 days. The experimental results show that the classification and user adaptation performance of proposed algorithm is better than general fuzzy decision tree.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.317-324
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) by analysing of relation between MACS and Jebsen-Talyor Hand Function Test. The concurrent validity was examined by calculation of correlation between MACS and Jabsen-Talyor Hand Function test and the discriminant validity was examined by measurement of hand function difference according to MACS level. For this, eighty-one children with spastic cerebral palsy were employed in this study. The children were evaluated by using the MACS and Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test for their hand function. There were a significant correlation between the MACS and Hand function (r = .870, p < .05). The good correlation between the MACS and subtest of Jabsen-Talyor Hand function (p < .05). The hand function according to the MACS level were different significantly (p < .05). The MACS is valid classification system for assessment of hand function of children with cerebral palsy. The MACS in practice will provide usefulness for assessment of hand function in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.63-72
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a sign language recognition system using SVM and depth camera. Especially, we focus on the Korean sign language. For the sign language system, we suggest two methods, one in hand feature extraction stage and the other in recognition stage. Hand features are consisted of the number of fingers, finger length, radius of palm, and direction of the hand. To extract hand features, we use Distance Transform and make hand skeleton. This method is more accurate than a traditional method which uses contours. To recognize hand posture, we develop the decision tree with the hand features. For more accuracy, we use SVM to determine the threshold value in the decision tree. In the experimental results, we show that the suggested method is more accurate and faster when extracting hand features a recognizing hand postures.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the 1% chlorhexidine gluconate/61% ethanol (CHG/ethanol), 45% ethanol/18% 1-propanol (ethanol/propanol) and 7.5% povidone-iodine (PVI) scrub with brush to evaluate their antimicrobial effect. Method: Utilizing repeated measures design, 9 nurses participated in the study. Glove juice sampling procedure was used to evaluate microbial hand counts before the surgical hand antisepsis, one minute after hand wash, and after the surgery. Results: Waterless rub using CHG and ethanol combination resulted in a 3.94 log reduction at 1 min and 2.78 log reduction at 3 hrs. Ethanol/propanol resulted in a 2.42 at 1 min and 2.22 at 3 hrs. The traditional scrub using PVI with brush resulted in a 0.94 at 1 min and 0.95 at 3 hrs (p=.003) and 3 hrs (p=.026) after the surgical hand antisepsis. Repeated measures ANOVA results showed that there was a statistically significant difference among group (p=.002). Duncan post hoc test result showed that the PVI was less effective (p<.05) in sterilizing microbials on hands than CHG/ethanol or ethanol/propanol. Conclusion: Both of the two alcohol-based antiseptic rubs are acceptable alternatives to the PVI with brush for surgical hand antisepsis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.312-327
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• 2024

In this study, a rehabilitation 3D printed wearable device was developed by combining an assembly-type robot hand and an integral-type robot hand through fused deposition 3D printing manufacturing with various hardness TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane) filaments. The hardware configuration of the robot hand includes a controller designed with four motors, one small servo motor, and a circuit board. In the case of the assembly-type robot hand model, a 3D printed robot hand was assembled using samples printed with TPU of hardness 87A and 95A. It was observed that TPU with a hardness of 95A was suitable for use due to shape stability. For the integrated-type robot hand model, the external sample using TPU of hardness 95A could be modified through a cutting method, and the hardware configuration is the same as the assembly-type. The system structure of the 3D printed robot hand was improved from an individual control method to a simultaneous transmission method.Furthermore, the system architecture of an integrated 3D printed robotic hand rehabilitation device and the application of the rehabilitation device were developed.