• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.731-742
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• 2017

For all the various cryptographic techniques related to security, social technological attacks such as a shoulder surfing are infeasible to block off completely. Especially, the attacks are executed against financial facilities such as automated teller machine(ATM) which are located in public areas. Furthermore, online financial services whose rate of task management is consistently increasing are vulnerable to a shoulder surfing, smudge attacks, and key stroke inference attacks with google glass behind the convenience of ubiquitous business transactions. In this paper, we show that the security of ATM and internet banking can be reinforced against a shoulder surfing by using One-Time Keypad(OTK) and compare the security of OTK with those of ordinary keypad and One-Time Password(OTP).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.613-621
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• 2019

In the case of door locks most widely used in the market, the most used area as a one-dimensional problem is worn out, and a worn area which does not use a special attack method enables password guessing. To solve this problem, various methods such as a keypad for randomly displaying numbers are introduced, but this is also not completely safe. The common feature of all the solutions so far is that the keypad area is fixed. In this paper, we consider that point in reverse and create a new area smaller than the entire area in the entire area of the keypad, making the keypad of the new area move randomly, thereby preventing the password from being deduced. When using this technique, a new type of keypad is proposed for the first time because of the impossibility of a shoulder surfing attack even though the number of keypad is left as it is.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.424-427
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• 1997

Electrical impedance plethysmography is still be one of the simplest and most convenient methods or non-invasive measurement of blood low, but it has the weak point can not do real-time measurement because of using chart-record or processing after receiving data from analog plethysmography through A/D converter. In this study. we developed hardware system composed of analog part which include auto-balancing circuit and calibration register and digital part which include 80C196KC, keypad, and LCD. we studied the algorithms or extracting parameter to calculate blood low and implemented it using general purpose micro controller.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.766-768
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• 2016

Conventional locking device has a disadvantage such as a security vulnerability caused by using avoid traces of the keypad that are frequently used due to the complex password application. In this study, we proposed a OTP based locks by using user identical informations that overcomes the disadvantages of the conventional apparatus. We implemented and validated the proposed algorithm through simulations.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.569-580
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• 2016

Objective: This study aims to identify the most effective keyboard layout in the area of performance for securing usability in a smart watch-using environment and to verify the usability of touch keyboard calibrated by hand. Background: It is necessary to understand the environmental characteristics in using the smart watch and to secure the usability of touch keyboard based on this understanding in order to take account of the users who use the touch screen in the extreme input conditions caused by the small screen of a smart watch. Method: 30 participants in this study were required to input characters using the QWERTY keyboard and 3x4 keypad (Naratgul, Chunjiin), which were familiar with them, in order to grasp the keyboard layout suitable in the smart watch- using environment; the performance (error rate, performance time) of this case was measured. In addition, 30 participants in this study were required to input the characters setting the QWERTY keyboard with calibrated touch area and the one with uncalibrated touch area, based on the characteristics of touch behavior, by finger typing the keyboard, with the performance (error rate and performance time) of this case measured. Results: QWERTY keyboard (93.3sec) is found to be 31.2% faster than Naratgul keyboard, a kind of 3x4 keypad, and 43.6% faster than Chunjiin keyboard, in the area of efficiency, in the results of the usability evaluation regarding the keyboard layout. QWERTY keyboard with calibrated touch area (7.5%) is found to be 23.5% improved compared to the QWERTY keyboard with uncalibrated touch area (9.8%) in the area of accuracy (error rate). The results of the usability evaluation regarding the QWERTY keyboard with touch area calibrated by finger typing the keyboard and QWERTY keyboard with calibrated touch area (80.7sec) is found to be 5.7% improved compared to QWERTY keyboard with uncalibrated touch area (85.6sec) in the area of efficiency (performance time). Conclusion: QWERTY keyboard is found to have an effective layout in the area of efficiency in the smart watch-using environment, and its improved usability is verified in the areas of accuracy and efficiency in the QWERTY keyboard with a touch area calibrated by finger typing the keyboard. Application: The results of this study may be used to set up the basic touch keyboard of the smart watch. The input usability is expected to secure the smart watch-using environment, which is an extreme input condition by applying QWERTY keyboard with touch area calibrated by finger typing the keyboard.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.780-788
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• 2008

Modeling hand poses and tracking its movement are one of the challenging problems in computer vision. There are two typical approaches for the reconstruction of hand poses in 3D, depending on the number of cameras from which images are captured. One is to capture images from multiple cameras or a stereo camera. The other is to capture images from a single camera. The former approach is relatively limited, because of the environmental constraints for setting up multiple cameras. In this paper we propose a method of reconstructing 3D hand poses from a 2D input image sequence captured from a single camera by means of Belief Propagation in a graphical model and recognizing a finger clicking motion using a hidden Markov model. We define a graphical model with hidden nodes representing joints of a hand, and observable nodes with the features extracted from a 2D input image sequence. To track hand poses in 3D, we use a Belief Propagation algorithm, which provides a robust and unified framework for inference in a graphical model. From the estimated 3D hand pose we extract the information for each finger's motion, which is then fed into a hidden Markov model. To recognize natural finger actions, we consider the movements of all the fingers to recognize a single finger's action. We applied the proposed method to a virtual keypad system and the result showed a high recognition rate of 94.66% with 300 test data.