• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제29B권9호
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• pp.8-16
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• 1992

This paper presents a method which can recognized the Handwritten Korean characters by using a Context-Free Grammar. The input characters are thinned in order to dwindle the mount of data, the thinned characters are converted into one-dimension strings according to six-forms. when the point of contact among phonemes is found, two phonemes are seperated respectively by marking the index mark (\) at the points. The Context-Free Grammar to input characters is classified into group grammars concerning the similarity of phonemes, input characters are parsed by making use of the Pushdown automata method. As the bent parts in the Handwritten characters are found frequently, We try to correct the bent parts by using the parsing distance measure, which recognize characters according to minium value caused by measuring the weight distance between two sentences. In this experiment, the recognition rate shows 93.8% to 275 Handwritten Korean characters.

• 산업공학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.703-708
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• 2000

In manufacturing processes, manufacturing features always deviate somewhat from their nominal design specifications due to several types of errors. This study suggests a fitting algorithm of the geometric profile parameters of leading and trailing edges for turbine compressor airfoils. In reality, industry personnels inspect the airfoil profile by trial-and-error method to determine the geometric feature parameters. In this study we propose an exploration approach based on factorial design with center point to minimize the effect of measurement errors caused by probe slip. By adopting the fitting method developed in this paper, one can enhance the precision and efficiency of fitting the airfoil edge profile.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권12호
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• pp.1690-1698
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• 2018

Recent advances in ICT technology have transformed many of our daily lives and attracted a lot of attention to personal health. Heart beat measurement that reflects cardiac activities has been used in various fields such as exercise evaluation and psychological state evaluation for a long time, but its utilization method is limited due to its differentiation from clinical electrocardiogram. Therefore, in this study, we could observe the change of the measured signal according to the change of the distance and the position of the measuring electrodes which are non-standard electrode configuration. Based on the electric dipole model of the heart, correlation with clinical electrocardiogram could be confirmed by synthesizing multiple surface potentials measured with a shorter electrode distance than standard one. From the electromagnetic point of view, the distance between the measuring electrodes corresponds to the distance that the electric potential by the cardiac electric dipole moves, and the electric potential measured at the body surface is proportional to the moving distance of the electric potential. Therefore, it is preferable to make the distance between electrodes as long as possible, and to position the measuring electrode close to the ventricle rather than the atrium. In addition, it was found that standard electrocardiographic waveforms could be synthesized by using arithmetic sum of multiple measuring electrodes due to the relationship of electrical dipole vectors, which is obtained by dividing and positioning a plurality of measuring electrodes on a reference electrode line, such as Lead-I, Lead-II direction. Also, we obtained a significant Pearson correlation coefficient ($r=0.9113{\pm}0.0169$) as a result of synthetic experiments on four subjects.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2014

In this paper, a novel 5-axis hybrid-kinematic machine tool is introduced and the research results on accuracy improvement of the prototype machine tool are presented. The 5-axis hybrid machine tool is made up of a 3-DOF parallel manipulator and a 2-DOF serial one connected in series. The machine tool maintains high ratio of stiffness to mass due to the parallel structure and high orientation capability due to the serial-type wrist. In order to acquire high accuracy, the methodology of measuring the output shafts by additional sensors instead of using encoder outputs at the motor shafts is proposed. In the kinematic view point, the hybrid manipulator reduces to a serial one, if the passive joints in the U-P serial chain at the center of the parallel manipulator are directly measured by additional sensors. Using the method of successive screw displacements, the kinematic error model is derived. Since a ball-bar is less expensive than a full position measurement device and sufficiently accurate for calibration, the kinematic calibration method of using a ball-bar is presented. The effectiveness of the calibration method has been verified through the simulations. Finally, the calibration experiment shows that the position accuracy of the prototype machine tool has been improved from 153 to $86{\mu}m$.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

Carbon storage is one of the regulating ecosystem services provided by urban street trees. It is important that evaluating the economic value of ecosystem services accurately. The carbon storage of street trees was calculated by measuring the morphological parameter on the field. As the method is labor-intensive and time-consuming for the macro-scale research, remote sensing has been more widely used. The airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) is used in obtaining the point clouds data of a densely planted area and extracting individual trees for the carbon storage estimation. However, the LiDAR has limitations such as high cost and complicated operations. In addition, trees change over time they need to be frequently. Therefore, Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry with unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is a more suitable method for obtaining point clouds data. In this paper, a UAV loaded with a digital camera was employed to take oblique aerial images for generating point cloud of street trees. We extracted the diameter of breast height (DBH) from generated point cloud data to calculate the carbon storage. We compared DBH calculated from UAV data and measured data from the field in the selected area. The calculated DBH was used to estimate the carbon storage of street trees in the study area using a regression model. The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of applying UAV imagery and SfM technique to the carbon storage estimation of street trees. The technique can contribute to efficiently building inventories of the carbon storage of street trees in urban areas.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1325-1330
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• 1996

Sessile drop method에 의해서 표면장력을 간단히 구하는 수치계산법을 계산프로그램과 같이 소개하였다. 이방법에 의하면 표명장력의 계산에 필요한 data는 sessile drop 표면상의 임의의 한 점에서의 좌표(X.Z)와 그 점에서의 접선의 각도${\theta}$, 그리고 밀도${\rho}$가 전부이다. 따라서 sessile drop의 형상으로부터 가장 정밀한 측정이 가능한 임의의점을 선정하여 그 점의 좌표, 접선의 각도를 측정하면 되므로 종래의 방법보다 정확한 값을 얻을 수 있다. 또한 4개의 data를 입력하는 것만으로 계산결과가 단시간에 나오므로 계산과정이 대단히 간단하다. Sessile drop의 크기, 접선의 각도, 밀도 등에 제한이 없으므로 응용범위가 넓다. 하나의 sessile drop에서 수개의 점으로부터 구한 각 표면장력의 값을 상호 비교하면 측정치 및 계산결과에 대하여 신뢰성을 높일 수 있다. 또한 이 수치계산법을 응용하면 pendant drop method에의 응용, 그외 sessile drop의 체적, 표면적, 접촉각의 계산 등에도 이용할 수 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2015

적외선 카메라를 이용하여 물체를 탐지하여 분류하는 개념은 군 운용 장비에 많이 적용되고 있다. 물체를 탐지하는 기술은 오래 전부터 연구되어 왔으며, 현재는 서브픽셀 단위로 물체를 탐지 할 수 있는 기술까지 발전해 왔다. 하지만 탐지된 물체를 분류하는 기술은 많은 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 적외선 카메라를 이용하여 물체(Target, Artillery, Missile등)의 복사량을 측정하고 이를 바탕으로 물체를 분류하는 방법을 제시하였다. 제시된 물체 분류 방법을 검증하기 위해 블랙바디를 이용한 실험으로 복사량을 측정하여 입증하였다. 또한 정확한 복사량 측정을 위해 측정 시 발생할 수 있는 오차는 모델링을 이용한 교정을 통하여 보정되었다. 점표적 및 면표적에 대한 복사세기의 이론적 배경을 기반으로 복사량 계측 후 복사량에 대한 모델링을 표준화 하였다. 본 연구를 기반으로 표준화된 모델은 대상물체를 실측하여 교정된 복사량과 비교하여 물체분류에 적용할 수 있다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2006

Optimizing in-cylinder flow such as tumble or swirl is one of the key factors to develop better internal combustion engines. Especially, the tumble, which is more dominant flow in current high performance gasoline engines, has significant effects on the fuel consumptions and exhaust emissions under part load conditions. The first step for the tumble optimization is to find an accurate but cost-effective way to measure the tumble ratio. From this point of view, tumble ratios from three different measuring methods were compared and correlated in this research. Steady flow rig, water rig, and PIV were utilized for that purpose. Engine dynamometer test was also performed to find out the effect of the tumble. The results show that the tumble ratios from those methods are well correlated and that the steady flow rig is the effective method to measure the tumble despite its limitations.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.142-149
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• 2010

매입형 영구자석 동기 전동기는 높은 효율과 빠른 동특성, 넓은 정출력 운전 영역 등의 장점 때문에 다양한 산업 분야에서 각광을 받고 있다. 특히 매입형 영구자석 동기기의 단위 전류당 최대 토크(Maximum Torque Per Ampere, MTPA) 운전 방법은 전동기의 최대 효율 운전을 위해서 필수적인 운전방법이 되었다. 이론적인 MTPA 운전점은 전동기의 제 정수에 의해 결정되는데, 매입형 영구자석 동기 전동기는 온도와 운전 영역에 따라 전동기 제 정수의 변화가 심하여 정확한 MTPA 운전을 하기 위해서는 전동기의 전 운전 영역에 대한 전동기 제 정수를 미리 알고 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 신호 주입 개념을 도입한 새로운 MTPA 운전 방법을 제안한다. 전류에 높은 주파수의 신호를 주입하여 그 주입된 신호에 의한 반응을 확인함으로 MTPA 운전점을 판별하게 된다. 이 방법은 전동기 제 정수 변동에 강인하며, 간단한 신호처리 과정을 통하여 MTPA 운전을 할 수 있다.

• 오토저널
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1992

The engine combustion is one of the most important process affecting performance and emissions. One effective way to improve the engine combustion is to control motion of the charge inside a cylinder by means of optimum induction system design, because the flame speed is mainly determined by the turbulence in a gasoline engine. This paper describes the measurement and characterization of mean velocity and turbulence intensity inside the cylinder of a 4-valve gasoline engine using laser Doppler velocimeter(LDV) under motoring(non-firing) conditions. Since the measured LDV data in each cycle show small cycle variation during compression stroke in the tested engine, the mean velocity and turbulence intensity are calculated by ensemble averaging method neglecting cycle variation effects. In the ensemble averaging method, the effects of the calculation window, in which velocities are assumed as the same crank angle, on mean velocity and turbulence intensity are fully investigated. In addition, the effects of measuring point on the flow characteristics are studied. With large calculation window, the mean velocity is shown to be less sensitive with respect to crank angle and turbulence intensity decrease in its absolute amplitude. When the piston approch to the top dead center of compression, the turbulence intensity is found to be homogeneous in the cylinder.