• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.119-133
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• 2021

After 'Zhou Chuchu (走出去, Go global)' in the early 2000s, and with the 'One-to-One Road' initiative in 2012, China's Overseas Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) has increased significantly, resulting in high academic interest. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of national risks of home country on China's OFDI by using data from 49 countries along the 'One-to-One Road' between 2007 and 2018, and to compare the factors of national risks that attract investment from the world. As a result of the study, market economy companies' perceptions of national risks are mostly negative, so risk acts as a deterrent to investment. On the other hand, national risks of home countries have had positive effects on China's OFDI, which would mean that Chinese investors, mostly state-owned enterprises have a high tendency to invest in regions or countries with high national risks. Other economic factors, such as the size of the investment partner country's market, GNI per capita, and trade openness, had a positive (+) effect, and natural resources had a negative (-) effect on China's OFDI. As dummy variables, FTA, which is an economic and diplomatic factor, SCO, which is a political and diplomatic factor, and bordering which is a geographical factor, were also found to have a positive (+) effect. This study implies the investment pattern of China's OFDI is due to the characteristics of China's unique geopolitical and economic system, and it is judged to be influenced by political and strategic factors, especially the aspects led by state-owned enterprises.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-68
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyse the country image, the pre-assessment, and the usage intention about overseas internet shopping mall service in china and how these factors are related to one another according to internet shopping mall using experience. And this study divided the country image for internet shopping mall service into two components : general country attribute and general service product attribute. In this study it is found that the country image of international internet shopping service is directly related to the pre-assessment, and the pre-assessment is related to usage intention especially in case that chinese consumer has a lot of internet shopping mall using experience. In the other case, the general country attributes affect the general service product attributes but the general service product attributes don't have any relationship with the pre-assessment. For a successful international internet shopping mall service business in China, marketer should recognize that it is important to formulate the policy extending the internet shopping mall experience as well as using the country image.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.59-85
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• 2019

The Hong Kong's Anti-Ordinance Amendment Movement is the most serious radical social movement since the 1997 return, which has served as the promotion of the 2014 Occupy Central Movement and broken through the violence baseline. The movement came from a criminal case committed in Taiwan,which gave a good reason and motivation for the HK government to amend the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance. The HK government has responded to the protests by strictly limiting the legal scope and transfer procedure, even giving up the legislative motion. But the protests still say no and develop into the constantly violent activities. Many of the protests have committed the crimes in HK laws,part of whom have been arrested,prosecuted and under judicially judged. It is necessary for the offenders to be punished to protect the authority of rule of law in HK. Two different paths for HK have fought against each other since the 1997 return: one is the "democratic-welfare" path taken by the Pan-Democratic Camp, the other is the "Legal-development" path taken by the Pan-Establishment Camp. The second path shares some nuclear characteristics of the so-called The China Model mainly shaped from the 40-years Reforms and Openness. However, the HK people can't understand the China Model very well and show great fear and distrust on the judicial system of Mainland China. The foreign powers such as US and UK have illegally interfered the HK issues which are deemed to be the domestic affairs of China. The so-called Sino-UK Joint Declaration can't serve as the legal basis for the interference. Taiwan, as a part of China, also plays a negative role in this movement for its electoral and political interest. Up to now, the movement has gone down and the HK government has the legal capacity to solve the problems under the supports from the central government and the HK people. The HK people love its rule of law and order under the constitutional framework of One Country Two System. After the movement,One Country Two Systems will be go on, and the integrated development under the policies of the central government will be the main stream. However, the relevant problems exposed by this movement muse be checked and solved legally and strictly,especially concerning the social inequality and youth development.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.4
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

Finland, the small Nordic country, far from anywhere, just happens to be one of the most modern and technologically advanced nations in the world. It is also the home of several leading global brands in their fields. Among these belong for example Nokia, Kone Elevators, and Metso Paper. This strange, cold country with its by reputation reserved and introvert Arctic people, manages to operate smoothly in the global village； in business, technology and also world politics. People from all over the world want go to Finland to study and work, knowing a lot about the clean, green, spacious country with extensive social security, equal women and general well-being.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.16-17
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• 2003

Finland, the small Nordic country, far from anywhere, just happens to be one of the most modern and technologically advanced nations in the world. It is also the home of several leading global brands in their fields. Among these belong for example Nokia, Kone Elevators, and Metso Paper. This strange, cold country with its reserved and introvert Arctic people, manages to operate smoothly in the global village; in business, technology and also world politics. People from all over the world want go to Finland to study and work, knowing a lot about the clean, green, spacious country with extensive social security, equal women and general well-being. How can this be possible\ulcorner

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.3-21
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• 2007

Every country finds a way to respond a lot of terrors to keep her safe in many ways. Our country, before a terror outbreaks, makes various countermeasures such as strengthening international cooperative systems, strengthening informational ability to countermeasure terror, restricting for terrorists to enter or exit from our country, restricting other countries to input weapons in our country to prevent from terror in the aspect of precaution. A terror is more grave than any other one in behavior, and the criminals have to be punished so much and be discriminated from other ones, too. So, a concept of general crime and terror has to be defined. It is finished in the academic area to some extent, but, it is not sufficient in lawful area so much. Afterwards, it is necessary to establish counter-terror protection laws regulating terror crimes directly. In addition, it is necessary to define concretely and clearly the terror activity and deduce the definition of terrorism.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2006

How do we build our future society for next 20 years? Such a country as Korea having only human resources, that was coupled with country's growth potential from the agronomical to the manufacturing industrial in the past decades, is entering into era of information society backed by knowledge - based industry as a country as a country with one of the maost advanced information technology markets in the world, playing a key driving force for Korean economy with the development of IT, BT, ITS. UT and e-construction which are this country's top strategic industries leading to a build-up of New Korea through those technological innovations being the essential in everyone's living for next 20 years.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.225-240
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• 1997

With the lanuch of the World Trade Organization(WTO) system, National and international trends toward more liberalized regulation of telecommunications terminal equipments drive the globalization of the telecommunications market. Despite of such trends, most countries have long viewed the type approval system as a major hindrance to overseas maketing because of a hodgepodge of diverse type approval system of telecommunications terminal equipments in each country. But, recently, many countries under these situations try to make a better understanding of respective requeirements of each country's many countries under these situations try to make a better understanding of respective requirements of each country'stype approval system, and where possible to strengthen commonalities, through referred to as "multual recognitio" system for the purpose of the development of procedures for hamonization oftype approval system in "one world, one market". Thus, this paper covers the definition, considerations and the case studies of mutual recognition between countries. Also, this paper suggests the desirable and general model of mutual recognition to be applied all the countries, which are being preparing and processing it.g and processing it.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.73-85
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• 1977

The nutrient elements which are used in forest fertilization vary from country to country. The development of forest fertilization is influenced by different national interests and/or economic situtations. The fertilized area/year of each country is shown. As one can see, Korea will have one of the largest fertilized forest area in the world. Nevertheless, attention needs to be paid from the technical viewpoint, since the development has been very rapid. The fertilization techniques, kinds of nutrient element, amounts of dosage, types of fertilizers, estimation of their efficiency, leaf analysis, ecological or physiological aspects of forest fertilization, tree species, wood qualities, forest vegetation, damages such as deseases, insects, frost, wind and snow, are discussed in relation to forest fertilization. Finally, the problem of eutrophication of water is discussed. The technical assessment will become necessary in introducing new techniques into the field.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.6 s.115
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• pp.160-171
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• 2007

This research studied men's cosmetics purchasing behavior based on the level of interest one has in one's appearance, the country of origin, and the sales promotion of the cosmetics. The study was conducted by experimental $2{\times}[2{\times}2]$ design by combining the 3 variables mentioned above. The Independent variables in this research were levels of appearance interest(high vs. low), the country of origin(Korean vs. foreign), and types of sales promotion(discount vs. coupon). The dependent variables were the purchase behaviors including favor to cosmetics and purchase intent. Two hundred male consumers participated for the study. Data analysis conducted were factor analysis, cluster analysis and ANOVA. The results were as follows. 1. Male consumers' cosmetics favorness: 3-way significant interaction, in appearance interest, the country of origin, and types of sales promotion, was found for favor to male cosmetics. When male subjects were provided with price discounts and skin care coupons for the Korean cosmetics, they didn't reveal significant differences in favor, regardless of the level of appearance interest. However, for the imported cosmetics, male subjects with high appearance interest showed more favor to the cosmetics than the ones with low appearance interest. 2. Male consumers' purchase intent: 3-way significant interaction, in appearance interest, the country of origin, and types of sales promotion was found for the purchase intent. When male subjects were provided with price discounts and skin care coupons for the Korean cosmetics, they didn't show significant difference in purchase intent, regardless of their appearance interest. However, for the imported cosmetics, male consumers with high appearance interest reported more purchase intent than the ones with low appearance interest.