• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1515-1526
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• 2022

Image-based 3D reconstruction is to restore the shape and color of real-world objects, and image sensors mounted on mobile platforms are used for positioning and mapping purposes in indoor and outdoor environments. Due to the increase in accidents in underground space, the location accuracy problem of underground spatial information has been raised. Image-based location estimation studies have been conducted with the advantage of being able to determine the 3D location and simultaneously identify internal damage from image data acquired from the inside of pipeline-type underground facilities. In this study, we studied 3D reconstruction based on the images acquired inside the pipe-type underground facility and reference data. An unmanned mobile system equipped with a stereo camera was used to acquire data and image data within a pipe-type underground facility where reference data were placed at the entrance and exit. Using the acquired image and reference data, the pipe-type underground facility is reconstructed to a geo-referenced 3D shape. The accuracy of the 3D reconstruction result was verified by location and length. It was confirmed that the location was determined with an accuracy of 20 to 60 cm and the length was estimated with an accuracy of about 20 cm. Using the image-based 3D reconstruction method, the position and line-shape of the pipe-type underground facility will be effectively updated.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1781-1787
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• 2015

Background: miRNAs are relatively recently discovered cancer biomarkers which have important implications for cancer early diagnosis, treatment and estimation of prognosis. Here we focussed on expression of mir-196a-5p in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines so as to analyse its significance for clinicopathologic characteristics and generate enriched KEGG pathways clustered by target genes for exploring its potential roles as a biomarker in gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: The expression of mir-196a-5p in poorly, moderate and well differentiated gastric cancer cell lines compared with GES-1 was detected by RT-qPCR, and the expression of mir-196a-5p in gastric cancer tissues comparing with adjacent non cancer tissues of 58 cases were also assessed by RT-qPCR. Subsequently, an analysis of clinical significance of mir-196a-5p in gastric cancer and enriched KEGG pathways was executed based on the miRWalk prediction database combined with bioinformatics tools DAVID 6.7 and Mirfocus 3.0. Results: RT-qPCR showed that mir-196a-5p was up-regulated in 6 poorly and moderate differentiated gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901, MKN-45, MKN-28, MGC-803, BGC-823, HGC-27 compared with GES-1, but down-regulated in the highly differentiated gastric cancer cell line AGS. Clinical data indicated mir-196a-5p to beup-regulated in gastric cancer tissues (47/58). Overexpression of mir-196a-5p was associated with more extensive degree of lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (P < 0.05; x2 test). Enriched KEGG pathway analyses of predicted and validated targets in miRWalk combined with DAVID 6.7 and Mirfocus 3.0 showed that the targeted genes regulated by mir-196a-5p were involved in malignancy associated biology. Conclusions: Overexpression of mir-196a-5p is associated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage, and enriched KEGG pathway analyses showed that targeted genes regulated by mir-196a-5p may contribute to tumorgenesis, suggesting roles as an oncogenic miRNA biomarker in gastric cancer.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.1109-1119
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• 2018

In this paper, we report the development of a nondestructive prediction model for lean meat percentage (LMP) in Korean pig carcasses and in the major cuts using a machine vision technique. A popular vision system in the meat industry, the VCS2000 was installed in a modern Korean slaughterhouse, and the images of half carcasses were captured using three cameras from 175 selected pork carcasses (86 castrated males and 89 females). The imaged carcasses were divided into calibration (n=135) and validation (n=39) sets and a multilinear regression (MLR) analysis was utilized to develop the prediction equation from the calibration set. The efficiency of the prediction equation was then evaluated by an independent validation set. We found that the prediction equation - developed to estimate LMP in whole carcasses based on six variables - was characterized by a coefficient of determination ($R^2_v$) value of 0.77 (root-mean square error [RMSEV] of 2.12%). In addition, the predicted LMP values for the major cuts: ham, belly, and shoulder exhibited $R^2_v$ values${\geq}0.8$ (0.73 for loin parts) with low RMSEV values. However, lower accuracy ($R^2_v=0.67$) was achieved for tenderloin cuts. These results indicate that the LMP in Korean pig carcasses and major cuts can be predicted successfully using the VCS2000-based prediction equation developed here. The ultimate advantages of this technique are compatibility and speed, as the VCS2000 imaging system can be installed in any slaughterhouse with minor modifications to facilitate the on-line and real-time prediction of LMP in pig carcasses.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2011

To make conservative port and coast ecosystems and creative the greenspace, We were investigated with characteristic of flora, environmental factors, types of port, adaptive species, minimum conservation area and plantation model. In 50 sites of study areas, there are 19 families and 174 species of vascular plants and 19 families and 48 species of halophytes. Dominant communities in port ecosystem contains Carex kobomugi community, Elymus mollis community, Carex pumila community, Ixeris repens community, Vitex rutundifolia community, Calystegia soldandlla community, Rosa rugosa community, Lathyrus japonica community, Salsola komarovi community, Cynodon dactylon community, Tetragonia tetragonioides community, Suaeda japonica community, Suaeda maritima community, Zoysia sinica community and Phragmites communis community. We carried out Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) for ordinations on the vegetation and plant communities-environmental variable matrices in 50 sites. The communities tended to cluster into three types: Clay marsh, Sand marsh, Sand gravel marsh types. Adaptive species in habitate types are selected that sand marsh-type communities in ports contained Elymus mollis community, Ixeris repens community, Carex kobomugi community, Carex pumila community, Clay marsh-type communities contained Suaeda japonica community, Phragmites communis community, Zoysia sinica community and Suaeda maritima community, Sand gravel marsh-type communities contained Vitex rutundifolia community, Calystegia soldandlla community. We are conducted the estimation of minimal area for plantation of adaptive plant species and carried out guide line and plantation model for creation of green space in port ecosystem.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.147-157
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• 2020

Mass change in the Antarctic Ice Sheet(AIS) is the most important indicator of changes in Earth's climate system including global mean sea level rise that are largely affected by ongoing global warming. In this study, AIS mass variations are examined with satellite gravity data and outputs from a regional climate model. The analysis of gravity data shows that along the coastal region the Western AIS has experienced a continuous and significant ice loss while a slight increasing in the Eastern AIS during the study period (2002.08-2016.08). The temporal and spatial variations in ice mass changes are recovered by a regional climate model, but the recovered amplitudes are much smaller than those of observations. This under-estimation is remarkably resolved by modifying a base flow field for the ice discharge. The recovered estimates based on the ice-flow field can explain about 97% of the rate of mass change in observations before 2009. This implies that changes in ice flow dynamics along the coast line plays a pivotal role in regulating long-term budget of ice mass in AIS.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.389-398
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the genetic relationships among four reproductive traits. Data for this study were 7616 records from 1910 Landrace (L) and 10,454 records from 2283 Yorkshire (Y) in a closed nucleus swine herd. Traits considered on this study were gestation length (GL), total number of piglets born (TNB), wean to first service (WFS), and number of stillborn per litter (NSB). Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated by using the Bayesian inferences via Gibbs sampling in a four trait linear-threshold repeatability animal mixed model by designating NSB as a categorical trait in the L and Y purebred populations. Effects on the statistical model were considered for parity, contemporary group as fixed and service sire, permanent environmental, animal additive genetic effects as random. Estimates of heritability were 0.21, 0.23, 0.16, and 0.09 for GL, WFS, TNB, and NSB in the L population and 0.35, 0.16, 0.14 and 0.10 for corresponding traits in the Y population, respectively. Genetic correlation for GL was -0.59 and -0.28 with TNB and -0.58 and -0.17 with NSB in the L and Y populations, respectively. The NSB was positively correlated with TNB in the L and Y populations in genetic and environmental aspects. Therefore, the NSB should be taken into account in selecting sows for improving prolificacy of dam line breeding swine stock.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.445-457
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• 2017

In this study, we developed an approach to better account for uncertainties in estimated contributions from fine particulate matter ($PM_{2.5}$) modeling. Our approach computes a Concentration Correction Factor (CCF) which is a ratio of observed concentrations to baseline model concentrations. We multiply modeled direct contribution estimates with CCF to obtain revised contributions. Overall, the modeling system showed reasonably good performance, correlation coefficient R of 0.82 and normalized mean bias of 2%, although the model underestimated some PM species concentrations. We also noticed that model biases vary seasonally. We compared contribution estimates of major source sectors before and after applying CCFs. We observed that different source sectors showed variable magnitudes of sensitivities to the CCF application. For example, the total primary $PM_{2.5}$ contribution was increased $2.4{\mu}g/m^3$ or 63% after the CCF application. Out of a $2.4{\mu}g/m^3$ increment, line sources and area source made up $1.3{\mu}g/m^3$ and $0.9{\mu}g/m^3$ which is 92% of the total contribution changes. We postulated two major reasons for variations in estimated contributions after the CCF application: (1) monthly variability of unadjusted contributions due to emission source characteristics and (2) physico-chemical differences in environmental conditions that emitted precursors undergo. Since emissions-to-$PM_{2.5}$ concentration conversion rate is an important piece of information to prioritize control strategy, we examined the effects of CCF application on the estimated conversion rates. We found that the application of CCFs can alter the rank of conversion efficiencies of source sectors. Finally, we discussed caveats of our current approach such as no consideration of ion neutralization which warrants further studies.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2003

Unconfined compression test (UC) has been widely used to determine the undrained shear strength ($c_u$) of clay, because it is convenient and economical. However, UC can not represent the behaviour of in-situ stress condition and the strength obtained by the test is generally underestimated compared to that of triaxial compression, due to no confining pressure. Therefore, a simple and practical method to correct the ($c_u$) for sample disturbance and to be used in geotechnical practice is needed. This study is aimed at proposing the method to estimate in-situ undrained shear strength from UC with suction measurement. The proposed method is based on theoretical shear strength equation of perfect sample (Noorany & Seed, 1965), and effective overburden stress and analysis results ($A_f,\phi'$) of effective stress behaviour by UC are needed for the equation. The shear resistance angle ($\phi'$) can be simply estimated through the result that $K_f$-line slope of the UC is 1.6 times higher than that of triaxial compression test. The result of this study shows that the measured strength by this method is very similar to that of the undrained shear strength by triaxial compression test (CK$_0$UC).

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.489-497
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• 2008

Currently, GIS has been widely used in the hedonic analyses of urban apartment housing markets in Korea. In those analyses, the apartment complexes are typically represented as the points or the polygons on the GIS maps and the location variables of the analyses are measured based on the points or the polygons. In this study, the relative performance of the point based approach and the polygon based approach in a GIS based hedonic analysis was compared using the apartment housing market data from the north eastern part of the city of Seoul and Davidson and MacKinnon Test. The results from this study indicate two things. First, two approaches can produce substantially different results in a hedonic price model estimation. Second, the polygon based approach produces a hedonic price model which explains the price variations better than the point based approach. These findings suggest that Korean researchers who are interested in improving quality of hedonic price model estimations and use GIS to measure the location variables for hedonic price models should consider using the polygon based approach with the point based approach. This is because the polygon based approach can produce the location variables with the shortest straight line distances and can explain the housing price variations well.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.439-445
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• 2009

Species richness (number of species) of the butterfly community in the Gwangneung forest, Korea, was estimated using data of the long-term butterfly monitoring, which had been carried out 291 times in the Korea National Arboretum or forest area of Gwangneung from 1998 to 2008. Abundance of each butterfly species was monitored using the line-transact method. In the present study, 13,333 butterflies belonging to 112 species were observed. Species accumulation curve and species richness was obtained using a software, EstimateS. The species accumulation curve shows an increase tendency even at 291 survey times, implying the possibility of the presence of a few unfound species. However, values of species richness estimated by the seven estimators were stabilized around 240-250 survey times. Species richness estimated by the estimators ranged from 120 species to 141 species with 128 species in average. However, the figure estimated by the previous studies since 1958 was 148 species. We estimated the reasonable scale of species richness on the base of recent analysis on the change of butterfly species. Species richness of the Korea National Arboretum was higher than that of natural forest and of plantation. However, species richness of butterfly was not different between natural forest and plantation. It is likely that increase of grasslands and habitat diversity in arboretum led to the increase of species richness of butterfly community.