• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 2022

In order to solve the serious traffic congestion in seoul metropolitan city, large-scale underground space development such as underpasses, deep underground roads, and GTX (Great Train eXpress) is being carried out. In order to minimize the impact of the adjacent seoul metro line A pier foundation and stability due to the construction of the underground road in Seoul, earth retaining structures were reinforced and the foundation was reinforced as well. In this study, three-dimensional finite element mehtod analysis was performed to evaluate the effect on adjacent construction and to review the stability of the underpass excavation work. The reinforcement effect was quantitatively analyzed through numerical analysis. As a result of the analysis, compared to the result of performing the existing reinforcement when overlapping CIP and ground reinforcement grouting were performed, the displacement of the earth retaining structures was reduced by more than 50%, and stress of the foundation piles were also reduced by more than 45%. Based on the analysis of the numerical analysis results, it was confirmed that the displacement of the walls of earth retaining structures during adjacent construction should be strictly controlled.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.396-399
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• 2008

Factitious hemoptysis is the bleeding type of Munchausen's syndrome, and this describes a group of patients who intentionally produce symptoms. Because factitious hemoptysis is a very rare manifestation of hemoptysis, it generally passes unnoticed. We report here on a case of factitious hemoptysis in a 15-year-old boy who presented with hemoptysis. During his three hospitalizations, we conducted many diagnostic procedures, including chest CT, laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy and bronchial arteriography, yet we failed to find the definitive cause of the patient's hemoptysis. He kept on complaining of repetitive hemoptysis and seizure-like activity. His father discovered that he had collected his blood into the specimen cup via an intravenous line. After we removed the intravenous line, he did not show blood to us again. We suggest that factitious hemoptysis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hemoptysis of an unclear bleeding focus, and especially when the patient has a bizarre hospital course or unusual behavior. We also include a review of the relevant literature.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.191-208
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• 2002

In the area of new millennium of twenty first century, one of the urgent and critical research issues in commerce area is the regenerating of new business opportunities from the high value added perspectives. With this motivation, in this paper, we create new on-line e-businesses with the speed of lightning their affiliated supply, finance and business communities - which are involved in more and more tightly connected, open trading - we find that we need to deal with hundreds of business collaborative partners, millions of buyers and sellers while we have to face incompatible IT systems. Challenges of new business opportunities linking multi-enterprise data and processes cost effectively, reliably and securely in real time remains an open area in e-business. This challenge we shall describe as the problem of synchronization of multiple enterprise collaborative e-business opportunities (production related), value (finance related), business (operations related) in new business opportunity and infrastructure integrated all together over the off-line and online basis. It brings a new e-commerce opportunities infrastructure into this profitable challenge: by extracting and tracking new business information, new trends in the events of e-business processes. The transformation of the traditional commerce into this type of electronic based commerce can be interpreted as new Cultural Revolution. The revolution will be a new paradigm crossing over the geographical, and organizational zone, restructuring enterprise business process infrastructure.

• Women's Studies Review
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.73-108
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• 2009

In the post-industrial society, concerns about the body have devoted to extend the concept of body from its physical level to the spiritual and corporeal level. Now body is not only an instrument which expresses one's personal character, but also an abstract concept which shows one's identity. Through this tendency, body image as a representation becomes notable as much as physical body itself. This tendency has been exaggerated especially for women and the socio-cultural common notion is forcing them to internalize it by presenting several stereotypes of body image. The concept of body image, a rising academic subject becoming a socio-cultural matter of interest, bears an epistemological base about spirit, body, and individual/social character. As the discussion about body develops in the field of women's studies, deepened discussions about body image are in progress. In this article interaction between the making of stereotypes of the female body in the socio-cultural circumstance and the process of internalization of these stereotypes is analyzed. For the analysis, the hypothesis was established that this interaction constructs the making process of body image. The analyzed materials are images and texts for advertisements, and other materials for public relations which are posted on the homepage of body-line consulting company M. The results of this analysis are to summarize as follows; the stereotypes of the female body image in Korea are very similar to those of westerners, and male gaze plays a big role in the construction of female body image through the internationalization of the gaze by women. According to these results, it is necessary to consider the effort that women should strive to produce and to develop healthy female body images.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

This work is to review the granite landforms studies by Korean geographers. It is verified that geomorphlogical characteristics of granite present landscapes characterized by 1) in case of mountains, are difficultly or irregularly weathered, so as to develop rocky forms such as domes, cliffs, and tors ; 2) in case of stream valley that is inter-massif lowland, low relief hills and flood plains with alluvium. All these facts owe to the difference of weathering mode granite properties. The granite hills and alluvial plains of southwestern coastal parts in Korean peninsula is low undulatory and large owing not only to the existence of highly weathered granitic regolith, but also to frequent flooding. Cultivated brownish field, orchard, meadow and forest are located at granite hills. On the other hand paddy rice field at granite alluvial plains. Korean peninsula have endured erodible geomorphlogical processes since Miocene when warping it up. Therefore many intermontane basins are located on the weathered granite areas which are surrounded by mountains composed of much less Precambrian gneiss complex. In fact, intermontane basin is mainly linear fault-line valley. The landforms of the intermontane basins are characterized by gentle piedmont slopes, alluvial fans, fluvial terraces and alluvial plains.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.61-77
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• 2024

This study analyzed the characteristics of land use changes around urban railway stations in peri-urban mixed-use cities. The research focused on four station areas along the Gyeonggang Line in Gwangju City, Gyeonggi Province, categorized into three phases based on their opening dates to analyze land use changes. The analysis method utilized building permit registry data from 2012 to 2020 within a 1 km radius of each station, at 250-meter intervals, examining temporal, spatial, and functional distributions. Statistical analysis employed SPSS for weighted cross-tabulation to explore differences in building permits and concentration levels among various building types. The findings revealed: firstly, peri-urban mixed-use city station areas exhibited the highest number of building permits at the time of opening; secondly, significant land use changes were observed within the 500-meter radius from the station; thirdly, residential buildings dominated, reflecting a trend towards housing supply-oriented land use changes; fourthly, cross-tabulation indicated significant differences in building permits across time, distance, and type (p < 0.01). Lastly, the concentration analysis revealed that residential buildings were distributed most evenly, while buildings for educational, social, and agricultural and fisheries purposes were distributed unevenly.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.1
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• pp.125-146
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• 1989

This paper is examine the problems of U.S.-Korea Air Service Agreement and recommend some directions for its improvement under the rapidly changing circumstance and growing importance of Korean penisula. Since the provisional agreement of 1949, U.S. -Korea Air Service Agreement has consistently been favorable to U.S. side. Fair and equal opportunity is the principle and basis of the bilateral air agreement. Notwithstanding such principle, it is only the U.S. carriers who can freely enter into any market, under the discretion of business strategy, while Korean carrier can serve only three points including Honolulu. In an effort to recitify such serious imbalance, Korea continuousely requested additional rights and has given utmost efforts to accommodate requests made by U.S. carries without much success. When we review aviation market between Korea and U.S. under the present agreement, Korea is fully open to U.S. carries as they can connect from any or all points in the U.S. via any or all points in Korea and all points beyond Korea. Increased number of U.S. carriers are enjoying greater utilization of the opportunity accorded them. Four(4) U.S. carries now operate to Korea using thirteen(13) gateway points and about one hundred fifty(150) on-line points in the U.S. such imbalance can be well understood when we review the exchange of traffic rights between the U.S. and the Pacific rim countries. During the yeras following the 1978 agreement with Korea, the U.S. proceeded to sign liberal agreements with Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore and the Phillipines. In exchange, the U.S. granted the four Pacific rim countries substantially greater rights than were granted to Korea, although Korea was the first Asian nation to sign a pro-competitive aviation agreement which granted U.S. carriers unrestricted market access and pricing flexibility. Moreover, Korea ranks the 2nd trading and tourist partner to the U.S. among the Pacific rim countries (Japan is the largest partner to the U.S. in terms of both trade and tourist market). In this paper such problems in the Korea-U.S. Air Services Agreement are analyzed in terms of historical perspective, U.S. Aviation policy, imbalance status in detail cases, discrimination to Korea comparing to other Asian countries, and theoretical application. And further it discusses current aviation issues between Korea and U.S. such as the ratification of 1980 MOU and various doing business issues of U.S. carriers in Korea. Finally, this paper concludes the analysis and suggests some directions to improve and rectify the problems and imbalance of U.S.-Korea Air Services Agreement in question.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.389-400
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• 2014

Objectives: Though there are many studies about sleep disorder, no research has been performed on the utilization of oriental medicine as a treatment. Therefore, the oriental medical treatment pattern of Korean patients with sleep disorders was examined herein using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRAS). Methods: The medical records of patients with sleep disorders (G47) or nonorganic sleep disorders (F51) as a main diagnosis were adopted from the HIRAS database from 2011 to 2013. Analysis was performed on the number of patients and cost per patient, with comparison between oriental and western medicine in terms of gender, age, patient care service type, and hospital type. Results: 1) Regarding sleep disorders, the medical visits and insurance charges have been increasing. Western medicine was utilized 8 times more often than oriental medicine during 3 years. 2) There were 2.5 times more women than men. 3) Among all ages, the 50~59 year group had the highest representation. 4) In comparison of average portions of patient care type over 3 years, outpatients were the majority, while the number of visits of outpatients and hospitalization has been increasing. 5) Comparison of average portion of oriental hospital type over 3 years revealed oriental clinics to be used most. The use of general hospitals was higher in western medicine treatment, while public health centers used oriental medicine more. 6) Regarding average oriental medical cost per patient over 3 years, the total was 88,000 won, with 353,000 won for hospitalization and 85,000 won for outpatients. The outpatient cost has been increasing. 7) In line with 6, oriental medical hospitals cost 126,000 won, local clinics were 85,000 won, and etc. was 95,000 won. Average costs of all types have increased during 3 years, except oriental medical hospitals in 2013. Conclusions: This study provided objective information about the epidemiologic characteristic of oriental medicine used for treatment of sleep disorder. For expansion of oriental medical demand for sleep disorder, this study would be helpful in understanding the recent status.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.517-528
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• 2007

Domestic or international existing researches regarding rail damage factors are focused on laying, vehicle conditions, driving speed and driving habits and overlook characteristics of track structure (elasticity, maintenance etc). Also in ballast track, as there is no special lateral spring stiffness of track also called as ballast lateral resistance in concrete track, generally, existing study shows concrete track has 2 time shorter life cycle for rail replacement than ballast track due to abrasion. As a result of domestic concrete track design and operation performance review, concrete track elasticity is lower than track elasticity of ballast track resulting higher damage on rail and tracks. Generally, concrete track has advantage in track elasticity adjustment than ballast track and in case of Europe, in concrete track design, it is recommended to have same or higher performance range of vertical elastic stiffness of ballast track but domestically or internationally review on lateral spring stiffness of track is very minimal. Therefore, through analysis of service line track on site measurement and analysis on performance of maintenance, in this research, dynamic characteristic behaviors of commonly used ballast and concrete track are studied to infer elasticity of service line track and experimentally prove effects of track lateral spring stiffness that influence curved rail damage as well as correlation between track elasticity by track system and rail damage to propose importance of appropriate elastic stiffness level for concrete and ballast track.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.338-348
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• 2003

In the past decade, considerable progress has been made in developing the appropriate biotechnology for microalgal mass cultivation aimed at establishing a new agro-industry. This review points out the main biological constraints affecting algal biotechnology outdoors and the requirements for making this biotechnology economically viable. One of them is the availability of a wide variety of algal species and improved strains that favorably respond to varying environmental conditions existing outdoors. It is thus just a matter of time and effort before a new methodology like genetic engineering can and will be applied in this field as well. The study of stress physiology and adaptation of microalgae has also an important application in further development of the biotechnology for mass culturing of microalgae. In outdoor cultures, cells are exposed to severe changes in light and temperature much faster than the time scale re-quired for the cells to acclimate. A better understanding of those parameters and the ability to rapidly monitor those conditions will provide the growers with a better knowledge on how to optimize growth and productivity. Induction of accumulation of high value products is associated with stress conditions. Understanding the physiological response may help in providing a better production system for the desired product and, at a later stage, give an insight of the potential for genetic modification of desired strains. The potential use of microalgae as part of a biological system for bioremediation/detoxification and wastewater treatment is also associated with growing the cells under stress conditions. Important developments in monitoring and feedback control of the culture behavior through application of on-line chlorophyll fluorescence technique are in progress. Understanding the process associated with those unique environmental conditions may help in choosing the right culture conditions as well as selecting strains in order to improve the efficiency of the biological process.