• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제23권E1호
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• pp.16-28
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• 2007

An improved method was developed to determine gas-phase hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) and organic hydro-peroxides (ROOH) in real-time, The analytical system for $H_2O_2$ is based on formation of hydroxybenzoic acid (OHBA), a strong fluorescent compound. OHBA is formed by a sequence of reactions, photoreduction of Fe(III)-EDTA to Fe(II)-EDTA, the Fenton reaction of Fe(II)-EDTA with $H_2O_2$, and hydroxylation of benzoic acid. By use of this analytical method rather than a previous similar method, Fenton reaction time was reduced from 2 min. to 30s. Air samples were collected by a surfaceless inlet to prevent inlet line losses. With a special arrangement of the sampling apparatus, sample delivery time was drastically reduced from ${\sim}5\;min\;to\;{\sim}20\;s$. The automated system was found to be sensitive, capable of continuous monitoring, and affordable to operate. A comparison of this method with a well-established one showed an excellent linear correlation, validating applicability of this technique to $H_2O_2$ determination. The system was applied to field measurements conducted during summertime of 2004 in Gwangju, South Korea. $H_2O_2$ was found to be a predominant species of peroxides. The diurnal variation of $H_2O_2$ displayed the maximum in early afternoon and the broad minimum throughout night. $H_2O_2$ was correlated positively with ozone, photochemical age, and temperature, however, negatively with $NO_x$ and relative humidity.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.123-133
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• 1998

In this paper, an algorithm of fault detection and diagnosis during operation of induction motors under the condition of various loads and rates is investigated. For this purpose, the spectrum pattern of input currents is used in monitoring the state of induction motors, and by clustering the spectrum pattern of input currents, the newly occurrence of spectrum patterns caused by faults are detected. For the diagnosis of the fault detected, a fuzzy fault tree is designed, and the fuzzy relation equation representing the relation between an induction motor fault and each fault type, is solved. The solution of the fuzzy relation equation shows the possibility of occurence of each fault. The results obtained are summarized as follows : (1) Using clustering algorithm by unsupervised learning, an on-line fault detection method unaffected by the characteristics of loads and rates is implemented, and the degree of dependency for experts during fault detection is reduced. (2) With the fuzzy fault tree, the fault diagnosis process become systematic and expandable to the whole system, and the diagnosis for sub-systems can be made as an object-oriented module.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to estimate the distribution of a zone disturbed by excavation (EDZ) around tunnels that have been excavated at about 500 m depth in pre-Tertiary hard sedimentary rock. One of the most important tasks is to evaluate changes in the dynamic stability and permeability of the rock around the tunnels, by investigating the properties of the rock after the excavation. We performed resistivity and acoustic tomography using two boreholes, 5 m in length, drilled horizontally from the wall of a tunnel in pre-Tertiary hard conglomerate. By these methods, we detected a low-resistivity and low-velocity zone 1 m in thickness around the wall of the tunnel. The resulting profiles were verified by permeability and evaporation tests performed at the same boreholes. This anomalous zone matched a high-permeability zone caused by open fractures. Next, we performed resistivity monitoring along annular survey lines in a tunnel excavated in pre-Tertiary hard shale by a tunnel-boring machine (TBM). We detected anomalous zones in 2D resistivity profiles surrounding the tunnel. A low-resistivity zone 1 m in thickness was detected around the tunnel when one year had passed after the excavation. However, two years later, the resistivity around the tunnel had increased in a portion, about 30 cm in thickness, of this zone. To investigate this change, we studied the relationship between groundwater flow from the surroundings and evaporation from the wall around the tunnel. These features were verified by the relationship between the resistivity and porosity of rocks obtained by laboratory tests on core samples. Furthermore, the profiles matched well with highly permeable zones detected by permeability and evaporation tests at a horizontal borehole drilled near the survey line. We conclude that the anomalous zones in these profiles indicate the EDZ around the tunnel.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2012

Flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) of the carbon steel piping in nuclear power plants (NPPs) has been major issue in nuclear industry. Rotating cylinder FAC test facility was designed and fabricated and then performance of the facility was evaluated. The facility is very simple in design and economic in fabrication and can be used in material and chemistry screening test. The facility is equipped with on line monitoring of pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen(DO), and temperature. Fluid velocity is controlled with rotating speed of the cylinder with a test specimen. FAC test of SA106 Gr. B carbon steel under 4 m/s flow velocity was performed with the rotating cylinder at DO concentration of less than 1 ppb and of 1.3 ppm. Also a corrosion test of the carbon steel at static condition, that is at zero fluid velocity, of test specimen and solution was performed at pH from 8 to 10 for comparison with the FAC data. For corrosion test in static condition, the amount of non adherent corrosion product was almost constant at pH ranging from 8 to 10. But adherent corrosion product decreased with increasing pH. This trend is consistent with decrease of Fe solubility with an increase in pH. For FAC test with rotating cylinder FAC test facility, the amount of non adherent corrosion product was also almost same for both DO concentrations. The rotating cylinder FAC test facility will be further improved by redesigning rotating cylinder and FAC specimen geometry for future work.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2012

Purpose: Dramatic improvement of hemangioma to propranolol has been recently reported; however, details on dose and duration of treatment, potential risks, and monitoring have not been determined. The objective of this study is to describe and analyze the use of propranolol as a first-line treatment or as a single therapy in management of complicated hemangioma. Methods: A retrospective chart review of eight patients diagnosed with hemangioma and treated with propranolol in Kangbuk Samsung Hospital from February 2010 to April 2011 was performed. Results: Eight patients with hemangioma with functional impairment, cosmetic disfigurement, or rapid growth were treated with propranolol. Five patients had solitary facial hemangioma. The mean age of symptoms at onset was 5 weeks. The median age for starting propranolol treatment was 5.5 months. Propranolol at 2 mg/kg/day was finally administered in divided doses with a gradual increase. Significant regression was observed in seven patients, and shrinkage in size, softening in consistency, and decrease in redness were evident within 4 weeks. Among them, six patients were still taking propranolol, and one patient had stopped after 12 months. Other one patient did not show significant improvement with satisfactory result after 3 months of propranolol use. Treatment with propranolol was well tolerated and had few side effects. No rebound growth was observed in any of the patients. Conclusion: We observed that use of propranolol was very effective in treatment of hemangioma without obvious adverse effects or relapse.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

지하매설구조물인 상수도관 주변 지반의 간극수 동결로 상수도관의 변형에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이에 최근에는 현장 계측을 통한 포장 하부구조체의 함수비를 주기적으로 측정하기 위해서 미국 Campbell사의 TDR(time domain reflectometry) CS616 함수량계와 독일의 IMKO사 제품의 TRIME FM를 이용한 수동 함수량계 TRIME P3, T3 Probe를 사용하고 있다. 일반적으로 TDR 함수량계와 TRIME 수동 함수량계는 흙의 종류, 입도, 다짐도, 온도 등에 의해 오차가 유발될 수 있기 때문에, 현장의 시료를 사용하여 TDR 함수량계의 실내보정실험을 반드시 수행해야 한다. 즉, TDR함수량계의 매뉴얼에서는 일반적인 흙의 보정방정식을 제안하고 있지만 현장 적용시에는 반드시 보정실험을 수행하도록 권고하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 상수관 등 지하매설구조물의 주변의 다양한 채움재료를 사용하여 실내 보정 실험을 수행하였으며, 이 결과로부터 TDR함수량계인 CS616, TRIME-T3, TRIME-P3의 보정모델식을 제안하였으며, 보정식에 대한 현장검증을 수행하였다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.94-105
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• 2010

인버터 구동 영구자석 동기전동기에서 고정자 권선과 인버터 스위치에 고장이 존재할 때 동작 중 실시간으로 고장을 검출하고 고장의 유형을 판별할 수 있는 진단 기법이 제시된다. 제안된 기법은 q축 전류의 2차 고조파를 실시간으로 관찰함으로써 이루어지며 고장이 없는 정상 조건에서의 고조파 데이터와 비교를 통해서 고장을 판별한다. 임의의 정상 동작 조건에서의 고조파 데이터는 선형 보간법을 이용해 구해진다. 고장 검출 시 진단 알고리즘은 고장 유형 판별모드로 전환되어 상전류의 파형 분석을 통해 고장의 유형을 판별한다. 제안된 고장 검출 기법의 타당성을 입증하기 위해 내부 권선 단락이 가능한 전동기가 제작되었으며 전체 시스템과 고조파 분석 및 고장 검출 알고리즘이 DSP TMS320F28335에 의해 구현된다. 제안된 방법은 부가적인 진단 장비를 요구하지 않으며 정상상태 조건이 만족된다면 동작 중 실시간으로 고장을 검출할 수 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2011

오늘날 센서 기술의 발전 및 보급으로 인해 USN 기반의 실시간 모니터링 응용에서의 센서 데이터 처리 시스템에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 되고 있다. 센서 데이터는 시간에 따라 빠르게 변화하고 연속적인 저수준 상태의 방대한 양의 데이터를 생성하는 특성을 갖는다. 하지만 엔드유저는 상대적으로 고수준 상태의 데이터에 관심이 있기 때문에 빠르게 변화하고 연속적인 대량의 저수준 센서 데이터를 효과적으로 처리하는 시스템이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 USN 기반의 화재감시 응용에서 OLAP(On-Line Analytical Processing) 기술을 이용한 다차원 분석 질의 처리 기능과 학습기반 분류기를 통한 이상치 탐지 기능을 제공하는 센서 데이터 처리 시스템을 제안한다. 실험 시나리오를 통해 우리의 센서 데이터 처리 시스템에 대한 타당성을 검증하며 실험에 필요한 다양한 센서 데이터는 자체 개발한 센서 데이터 생성기를 이용한다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 새롭게 개발된 센서인 in-situ particle monitor (ISPM)와 기존센서의 기능을 업그레이드 한 센서인 self-plasma optical emission spectroscopy (SPOES)를 이용해 화학기상증착 진공공정을 진단하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 증착공정 장비는 silane 가스를 이용한 silicon plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition과 borophosphosilicate glass 증착장비이다. 두 장비의 증착 또는 클리닝 조건에서의 배출되는 오염입자와 배기가스를 개발된 센서를 이용해 공정상태를 실시간으로 진단하는 것과 개발된 센서의 센싱 능력을 검증하고자 하는 목적으로 연구가 진행되었다. 개발된 센서는 장비 배기구 설치되었으며, 공정압력, 유량, 플라즈마 파워 등의 공정변수 변화에 따른 오염입자 크기 및 분포와 배기 부산물의 변화를 측정하고, 측정 결과의 상호 연관성을 분석하였다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

Although reachers have studied for a long time, they don't make criteria for anesthesia depth. anesthetists can't make a prediction about patient's reaction. Therefor, patients have potential risk such as poisonous side effect late-awake, early-awake and strain reaction. EEG are received from twenty-five patients who agreed to investigate themselves during operation with Enflurane-anesthesis in progress of anesthesia. EEG are divided pre-anesthesia, before incision of skin, operation 1, operation 2, awaking, post-anesthesia by anesthesia progress step. EEG is applied pre-processing, base line correct, linear detrend to get more reliable data. EEG data are handled by electronic processing and the EEG data are calculated by bicoherence. During pre-anesthesia and post anesthesia, appearance rate of bicoherence value is observed strong appearance rate in high frequency range($15\~30Hz$). During the anesthesia of patient, a strong appearance rate is revealed the low frequency area(0~10Hz). After bicoherence is calculated by percentage of a appearance rate, that is, Bicpara$\#$1, Bicpara$\#$2, Bicpara$\#$3 and Bicpara$\#$4 parameter are extracted. In result of bicoherence analysis, Bicpara$\#$2 and Bicpara#4 are considered that the best parameter showed progress of anesthesia effectively. And each separated bicoherence are calculated by average bicoherence's numerical value, divide by 2 area, appear by each BicHz$\#$1, BicHz$\#$2, and observed BicHz$\#$1/BicHz$\#$2's change. In result of bicoherence analysis, BicHz$\#$1, BicHz$\#$2 and BicHz$\#$1/BicHz$\#$2 are considered that the best parameter showed progress of anesthesia effectively. In conclusion, I confirmed the anesthesia progress phase, concluded to usefulness of parameter on bispectrum and bicoherence analysis and evaluated the depth of anesthesia. In the future, it is going to use for doctor's diagnosis and apply to protect an medical accident owing to anesthesia.