• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of personality by each Sasang constitution on sleep using Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS) and NEO-personality inventory(NEO-PI). Methods The subjects of this study were 2,078 people who had information on Sasang constitutional type and personality(PANAS, NEO-PI) among the data established at the Korean Medicine Data Center. Sleep time and sleep quality were investigated through self-written questionnaires. Sleep time was collected by hand-writing, and sleep quality was checked on a 4 point Likert scale. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to see the correlation between personality and sleep in each constitutional type. Logistic regression was performed using personality as independent variables to find out how much personality affects sleep time. In order to find out how much personality affects sleep quality, regression analysis was performed using personality as independent variables. Results & Conclusions Sleep time was hardly affected by personality. As a result of Pearson correlation analysis, sleep time in all subjects did not show a significant correlation with personality. In logistic regression on sleep time as the dependent variable, no statistically significant results were obtained except for the Negative Affect(NA) in Taeeumin. Sleep quality showed a statistically significant correlation with the negative affect(NA), neuroticism(N), extraversion(E), Physical Component Summary(PCS) and Mental Component Summary(MCS). As a result of regression analysis on sleep quality as the dependent variable, neuroticism(N), negative affect(NA), positive affect(PA), and extraversion(E) were found in the factors affecting sleep quality. Besides, how much personality affected sleep quality might differ in each constitution. In all constitutions, sleep quality was affected by N, but the rank of N was different in each constitution. The sleep quality of Soyangin was not affected by E, and the sleep quality of Taeeumin was specifically affected by O.

• 인문언어
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• 제5권
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• pp.221-264
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• 2003

This paper takes issue with the idea of language as a 'serial-time structure' as opposed to the 'real-time event' of speech, an idea entrenched in Chomskyan model of linguistic theory. The discussion centers around the leitmotif question: Is language constructed entirely from a finite set of apriori discrete symbol types, as the 'competence vs performance' dichotomy implies\ulcorner A set of linguistic patterns examined in this study, largely with regard to phonological considerations, points to the evidence to the contrary. That is, while the patterns may be said to be linguistically distinct, they are not discretely, different, i.e. not different enough to be reliably differentiated. It is demonstrated that much of current research in phonology, including the most recent Optimality Theory, is misdirected in that it falsely presupposes a discrete universal phonetic inventory. The main thrust of the present study is that there is no sharp boundary between 'competence' defined as the formal, symbolic, discrete time domain of language and human cognition on the one hand and 'performance' as the continuous, fuzzy, real-time domain of human physiology on the other.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제15권25호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1992

This paper identified the fact that Work-in-process Inventory has been decreased with the application of the Group Technology theorem and Group Analysis theorem. which are developed for the purpose of decreasing wastes that are common in multi-items-small-quantity production system. and increasing productivity. The analyzed results In this paper are as follows: Similarity Coefficient Algorithm have an advantage that It can be used in a production system which has a lot of machinery and components. On the other hand. an arbitrary threshold value should he defined and many groupings are being performed independently.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.885-892
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• 2011

In this study, LCA(Life Cycle Assessment) on 'Saemangum CSO Project' was carried out to evaluate environmental impact which occurred during the construction and operation periods and the potential environmental impact reduction was analyzed by comparing production and reduction level of pollution loads. LCA was conducted out according to the procedure of ISO14040 which suggested Goal and Scope Definition, Life Cycle Inventory Analysis, Life Cycle Impact Assessment and Interpretation. In the Goal and Scope Definition, the functional unit was 1 m3 of CSO, the system boundary was construction and operation phases, and the operation period was 20 years. For the data collection and inventory analysis, input energies and materials from civil, architecture, mechanical and electric fields are collected from design sheet but the landscape architecture field is excepted. LCIA(Life Cycle Impact Assessment) was performed following the procedure of Eco-Labelling Type III under 6 categories which were resource depletion, eutrophication, global warming, ozone-layer destruction, and photochemical oxide formation. In the result of LCA, 83.4% of environmental impact occurred in the construction phase and 16.6% in the operation phase. Especially 78% of environmental impact occurred in civil works. The Global warming category showed the highest contribution level in the environmental impact categories. For the analysis on potential environmental impact reduction, the reduction and increased of environmental impact which occurred on construction and operation phases were compared. In the case of considering only the operation phase, the result of the comparison showed that 78% of environmental impact is reduced. On the other hand, when considering both the construction and operation phases, 50% of environmental impact is increase. Therefore, this study showed that eco-friendly material and construction method should be used for reduction of environmental impact during life cycle, and it is strongly necessary to develop technology and skills to reduce environmental impact such as renewable energies.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.440-449
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• 2013

We consider a reverse supply chain with a production facility and a recovery facility, and address the joint control of production and disposal decisions for sustainable operations. Demands are satisfied from on-hand inventory of serviceable products, replenished via manufacturing or remanufacturing. Sold products may be returned after usage and each returned product is disposed of or accepted for recovery. Accepted returned products are converted into serviceable products after remanufacturing process. Formulating the model as a Markov decision process, we characterized the structure of the optimal production and disposal policy as two monotone switching curves under a special condition. Three types of heuristic policies are presented and their performance is numerically compared.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1990년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집; 한국과학기술원; 28 Apr. 1990
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• pp.186-194
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• 1990

Just-In-Time production is to keep the kanban system. When production managers implement and operate successfully the system in the multi-Line, multi-stage production setting, it is very important to determine the number of kanbans in deterministic kanban system under consideration with relevant factors as well as with cost. In concrete, we discuss about following factors in kanban system and provide a model formulating the multi-objective goal programming : Demand, stock on hand in process, Inventory cost and Labor cost, Vendor's suppling capacity, Work Load. Finally we analyze several numerical examples in order to test the model and attempt to expand the model in general case.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.213-223
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• 1986

Ratio analysis allows a hospital to evaluate its own performance over time and to compare its performance with that of other hospitals. For this study, three types of ratio analysis were conducted based on some data on hospitals in Massachusetts. First, Key ratios influencing financial performance were identified using discriminant analysis. Second, the financial structures of the teaching and the non-teaching hospitals were compared using ratios and multiple comparison method. Third, the effects of the prospective reimbursement law of the state on financial performance were examined using ratios and paired t-test. The purpose of the law is to reduce hospital costs by setting the revenue ceiling prior to the effective budget year. The findings of this study were as follows: 1) When hospitals were divided into three groups, according to their operating income, only profitability ratios showed a consistent difference among the groups. 2) In the discriminant analysis, five ratios were selected: current ratio, operating margin, return on assets, fixed assets turnover, and inventory turnover. They are the key ratios to be monitored periodically for the purpose of evaluating the financial performance of hospitals. 3) When teaching hospitals were compared with non-teaching hospitals, acid ratio, days of cash on hand, and inventory turnover were statistically significant before the law went into effect, whereas only fixed assets turnover and inventory turnover were significant afterward. Contrary to previous studies, profitability ratios of teaching hospitals were higher than those of non-teaching hospitals, although the differences were not statistically significant. 4) When the ratios between the two periods (before and after the law) were compared, three profitability ratios (operating margin, return on assets, and return on equity) were significant for teaching hospitals, whereas three activity ratios (total assets turnover, fixed assets turnover, current assets turnover) were significant for non-teaching hospitals. Furthermore, while both total operating revenue and expenses were decreased, net operating income was increased, due to a greater decrease in total operating expenses. This shows that the law can indeed, simultaneously, achieve both a reduction in costs as well as an improvement in the financial situation of hospitals.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2019

지금의 농업부문을 포함한 에너지 분야의 온실가스 배출량 산정방법은 하향식(top-down) 방식으로 간주할 수 있으며, 이러한 하향식 온실가스 산정 방법은 제한된 배출계수와 활동자료를 바탕으로 온실가스 인벤토리를 효과적으로 작성할 수 있는 방법이다. 그러나 에너지분야 농림업부문 온실가스 저감 정책 설계를 위해서는 보다 정교한 에너지분야 농림업부문 온실가스 배출량 정보 구축이 필요하다. 이를 위해 현재 온실가스 배출량 산정방식에 대해 살펴본 후, 에너지 분야 농림업부문 온실가스 배출량 산정과 관련한 개선방안에 대해 논의한다. 먼저 에너지분야 농림업부문 배출현황에 대한 엄밀한 파악과 구체적 정책 설계를 위해 2006 IPCC 가이드라인, 해외 국가온실가스인벤토리 보고서, 국내 통계, 관련 문헌 등을 고려하여 세분화된 국가고유 배출계수의 개발과 관련 활동자료 구축 방안을 제안하였다. 구체적으로 다음으로 2006 IPCC 가이드라인을 바탕으로 농업부문 CO₂ 배출량의 불확도(uncertainty)를 계측하고 불확도 개선을 위한 방안을 제시하였으며, 이를 통해 CO₂ 배출량 불확도를 약 1.5%p 감소시킬 수 있음을 보였다. 끝으로 온실 난방 등에 사용되는 농업부문 신재생에너지 사용으로 인한 온실가스 배출량을 반영할 수 있는 활동자료 개선 방안을 제안하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.248-261
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 성인 여성의 혈액 영양소 지표가 우울 지표에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 데 있다. 77명의 폐경기 전 여성(평균연령 44.2±6.5세)을 모집하였으며, 결측치를 제외하고 53명의 혈액지표가 우울 지표(Beck Depression Inventory)에 미치는 영향을 통계로 확인하였다. 연구대상자들의 Beck 평균은 7.6±7.2로 대부분 우울 증상은 정상치 범위였다. 다만 약간 우울 2명과 매우 심각한 우울이 2명이었다. 본 연구에서 요인분석을 한 결과 21개 문항의 Beck 우울 지표는 5개의 하위요인으로 분류되었다. 이중 신체적 우울 2개, 기분 우울 1개, 인지적 우울 1개, 미정 1개 등으로 나타났다. 상관분석 결과 중성지방, LDL(low density lipoprotein) 콜레스테롤, 칼륨이 우울 요인들과 통계적으로 유의한 정의 관계를 보인 반면, HDL(high density lipoprotein) 콜레스테롤과 나트륨, 염화이온은 우울 요인들과 부(-)의 관계를 보였다. 중성지방, 콜레스테롤, 혈당, 케톤체를 원인변수로 설정한 후 우울에 대한 영향을 다중 회귀분석을 하였을 때, HDL(high density lipoprotein) 콜레스테롤은 우울 3 요인에 통계적으로 유의한 부(-)의 영향을 미치고 있었다. 미네랄 성분만으로 우울 하위요인에 다중회귀 분석을 하였을 때, 칼륨이 정(+)의 영향을, 염화이온은 부(-)의 영향을 우울 3 요인에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 본 연구에 의하면 폐경기 전 여성의 경우 혈액 지표들 중 칼로리와 관련된 영양소와 미네랄 등은 신체적 우울 지표에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 본 연구는 혈액 지표의 우울에 대한 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다는 의미를 갖는다. 특히 칼륨과 염화이온의 우울에 대한 영향을 수치적으로 보고한 첫 연구이다. 본 연구는 53명의 폐경기 전 여성을 대상으로 하였다는 한계를 갖는다. 향후 폐경기 이후 여성과의 비교연구, 남성과의 비교연구, 우울 환자, 기타 신경 질환자들과의 비교 연구 등이 가능할 것이다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2016

농업 분야는 경종부문과 축산부문으로 나누어지는데, 축산 부문 온실가스 배출원은 장내발효 부문($CH_4$)과 가축분뇨처리 부문($CH_4$ 및 $N_2O$)으로 다시 나누어진다. 본 연구는 1990부터 2013년까지의 축산부문 온실가스 배출량을 1996 IPCC Tier 1 방법을 이용하여 산정하고, 배출량 증감의 원인을 분석하였다. 2013년 축산부문 온실가스 배출량은 9.9백만 톤 $CO_2-eq$로써 국가 전체 온실가스 배출량의 1.4%를 차지하였고, 농업분야 전체 배출량의 47.6%를 차지하였다. 장내발효 부문 배출량은 4.4백만 톤 $CO_2-eq.$로써 소에서의 배출량이 전체 장내발효 배출량의 91.7%(젖소 23.9%, 한 육우 67.8%)를 차지하였다. 가축분뇨처리 부문 배출량은 5.5백만 톤 $CO_2-eq.$로써 한 육우에서 배출량은 전체 가축분뇨처리 부문 배출량의 36.6%로 가장 많이 차지하였고, 다음으로 돼지(29.4%), 가금류(19.1%), 젖소(12.5%)에서 배출량이 많았다. 즉, 한 육우, 돼지, 닭이 축산부문 온실가스 배출량 변화에 주로 영향을 미치는 배출원인 것으로 분석되었는데, 이는 해당 축산물의 소비량이 증가함에 따라 가축 사육두수 또한 지속적으로 증가 했기 때문이라고 할 수 있다. 축산부문 온실가스 배출량의 정확도를 높이기 위해서는 현재 사용하고 있는 IPCC 기본 배출계수 대신 국가고유 배출계수를 개발하여 배출량 값의 신뢰도를 높이는 것이 중요하다. 따라서 국가고유 배출계수 산정 고도화에 필요한 원시자료 확보를 위한 연구를 지속적으로 수행해야 할 것이다.