• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2011

Unlike land fires, Fires on board a ship are not likely to be extinguished by skilled human resources using a variety of fire fighting equipments, but have to be brought under control on board a ship itself despite of difficult task. There are more cases of deaths from suffocation by smoke than from an increased temperature by heat in fires on board ships, because crew fail to secure a sufficient visibility range enough to escape from the scene of a fire or to leave the ship as early as possible. On the assumption that the height of ship's accommodation area increases from 2.0m to 2.3m comparable to the height of apartments on the ground in Korea, behaviors of fire smokes between the cases of 2.0m and 2.3m heights were compared and analyzed. Based on the blue print of the existing Training Ship "Hanbada", a new blueprint with the 30 cm height adjustment was additionally created. FDS (Fire Dynamic Simulator), which was created by the NIST in the United States and is the most widely distributed simulator for fires, was used to conduct a simulation and predict results. The results of simulation on the basis of temperature of $60^{\circ}C$ showed a safe evacuation period of time at the position 10m apart from the scene of a fire to increase by 55.8 seconds, when the height of ship's accommodation area increased from 2.0m to 2.3m. The results of simulation on the basis of visibility range of 6m showed the safe evacuation periods of time at the positions 10m, 20m and 30m apart from the scene of a fire to increase by 27.1 seconds, 109.2 seconds and 73.3 seconds, respectively, as the height of ship's accommodation area increased from 2.0m to 2.3m. This means that crew can escape more safely from a scene of fires on board when the height of ship's accommodation area is increased and equal to the height of living room in a building on land.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.600-606
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• 2016

Seafarers are often placed in circumstances that require emergency evacuations due to various causes, including ship collisions, sinking, stranding, and fires. Achieving shorter evacuation time is an important factor in increasing the survival rate during these circumstances, but the narrow and complicated structure of ships is an obstacle when it comes to executing a quick evacuation. Also, unpredictable restrictions may be imposed by bad sea or weather. In this study, various experiments were conducted with sailors currently on board ships in order to examine factors that increase evacuation time. The data was then and analyzed. Evacuation time was measured by dividing crews into groups: sailors that were given an explanation of the ship's structure and those that were not. Furthermore, the visibility range was divided into 0 m, 3 m, and 5 m. The results indicated that, having an explanation of the ship structure did not have much of an effect on evacuation time but visibility conditions led to an increase in evacuation time with a maximum of 2.5 to 2.6 times longer when the visible distance was 5 m, 0 m and 3 m. Therefore, ensuring a visible distance of over 5 m was determined to be the most important factor for reducing evacuation time. In the future, effort should be made to ensure a greater visible distance to improve the survival rate of seafarers and passengers on board ships that encounter incidents.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.65-77
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• 2023

Background: The shortage of dental hygienists as assistant is a great concern to dental clinics, while dental hygienists are rather pursuing the role of oral hygiene control and preventive treatments which is the main role for dental hygienists in the United States. The dental hygienist and dental assistant system in the United States can be a reference in these discussions. Methods: Educational requirements for licensure and work areas for dental hygienists and dental assistants were investigated through the information provided by the American Dental Association (ADA), American Dental Hygienists Association, National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (NBDHE), Dental Assistants Association of America (ADAA), and Dental Assistants National Board (DANB). Results: In the United States, each state has different systems, but in general, dental hygienists obtain licenses after completing 2~3 years of associate degree programs in dental hygiene after obtaining basic learning skills, and mainly perform tasks related to patient screening procedures, oral hygiene management and preventive care. Dental assistants can take the license test after completing a training course of 9~11 months to obtain a dental assistant certification. Additional expanded work typically requires passing state qualification tests, completing a training program, obtaining a degree, or gaining clinical experience for a certain period of time, depending on the state Conclusion: The scope of work of dental hygienists designated by the Medical Engineer Act and the Enforcement Decree in Korea includes both the work of dental hygienists and dental assistants in the United States, and if a dental assistant system like the United States is introduced to address the current shortage of dental assistants, institutional supplementation such as adjustment of the scope of work and expansion of the role of dental hygienists in oral hygiene management and prevention work is needed and in-depth discussion is necessary.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.345-349
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a study on the development of deep learning structure for defective pixel detection of next-generation smart LED display board using imaging device. In this research, a technique utilizing imaging devices and deep learning is introduced to automatically detect defects in outdoor LED billboards. Through this approach, the effective management of LED billboards and the resolution of various errors and issues are aimed. The research process consists of three stages. Firstly, the planarized image data of the billboard is processed through calibration to completely remove the background and undergo necessary preprocessing to generate a training dataset. Secondly, the generated dataset is employed to train an object recognition network. This network is composed of a Backbone and a Head. The Backbone employs CSP-Darknet to extract feature maps, while the Head utilizes extracted feature maps as the basis for object detection. Throughout this process, the network is adjusted to align the Confidence score and Intersection over Union (IoU) error, sustaining continuous learning. In the third stage, the created model is employed to automatically detect defective pixels on actual outdoor LED billboards. The proposed method, applied in this paper, yielded results from accredited measurement experiments that achieved 100% detection of defective pixels on real LED billboards. This confirms the improved efficiency in managing and maintaining LED billboards. Such research findings are anticipated to bring about a revolutionary advancement in the management of LED billboards.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2007

This paper describes on the real-time monitoring of net setting and hauling process for fishing operations of Danish seine vessels in the southern waters of Korea as an application of a PC based ECDIS system. Tracking of fishing process was performed for the large scale Danish seine vessel of G/T 90 and 350 PS class using the fishing gear which the length of net, ground rope, head rope and sweep line including warp in both sides were 86m, 104m, 118m and 3,200m, respectively. Tracking information for net setting and hauling process was continuously recorded for 23 fishing operations performed on November and December, 2003. All measurement data, such as trawl position, heading, towing course and past track which was individually time stamped during data acquisition, was processed in real time on the ECDIS and displayed simultaneously on the ENC chart. The results indicated that after the separation of a marker buoy from Danish seiner, the averaged running speed of vessel and the averaged setting period while shooting the seine on the course of diamond shape to surround the fish school in the 23 fishing operations were 8.3 knots and 13.1 minutes, respectively. And with the maker buoy taken on board, the averaged running speed of vessel and the averaged towing period while closing the seine on the straight route was 1.0 knots and 47.0 minutes, respectively. After the closing stage of hand rope, the hand rope was towed by the averaged speed of 2.2 knots during the 13.0 minutes. The average area for route of diamond shape swept by sweep lines of the seine in 23 fishing grounds was $709,951.6m^2$. Further investigation is also planed to provide more quantitative tracking information and to achieve more effective surveillance and control of Danish seine vessels in EEZ fishing grounds.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.161-175
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• 2004

This study investigated and compared the tasks peformed by Consumer Agencies in Korea and Japan. It also investigated the variables influencing evaluation scores on consumer tasks. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, Japanese counselors were predominantly older, married females in contrast to the predominance of relatively young, single, male, Korean consumer counselors. In Korea, most consumer tasks were performed by Consumer Agencies in Seoul while internet counseling was popular. In addition, 13 counselors belong to Korean Consumer Agencies while 80 worked in the Korea Consumer Protection Board. In Japan, consumer tasks were peformed by Consumer Centers located broadly across the nation but no internet counseling was provided, while the average number of consumer counselors per Consumer Center was 8. The average number of consumer counseling sessions per day was greater in Korea than in Japan while the average monthly income was higher in Japan than in Korea. Second, evaluation of the tasks performed by Consumer Agencies revealed that the Korean Consumer Agencies scored higher performance than their Japanese counterparts. Third, the degree of job satisfaction significantly influenced evaluation scores in both consumer counseling tasks and provision of consumer information in Korea. In Korea, among the tasks concerning consumer education, job-training education was a significant variable while the number of Korean counselors in Consumer Agencies positively influenced scores on activities concerning consumer movement and alliance with other agencies. However, the degree of job satisfaction among counselors positively and significantly influenced evaluation scores in tasks concerning consumer counseling, provision of consumers'information, and consumer education. On the other hand, the number of counselors in Japanese Consumer Centers influenced the evaluation scores on tasks concerning consumer policy, consumer survey, and consumer campaign.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 2007

A survey on sanitary management at 98 food service institutions located in Jeollabuk-Do were conducted. Food service institutions included 13 hospitals, 38 schools, 40 enterprises, and 7 others. The sterilization in boiling water was used for disinfection of tableware, spoon and chopsticks, and dish towel. Cooking kit, refrigerator, chopping board, and knife were sterilized with disinfectant. Frequency of sanitary training program on employees was 56.1% for 1 time/month, 12.2% for 2-3 times/month, and 11.3% for 1 time/week. Preparing ratio of defrosting, warehouse and rest room, and washing and sterilization diary were 73.8, 60.5, and 54.5%, respectively. However, checking ratio of environments (9.5%), personal sanitation (10.8%), and sanitary training program diary(8.4%) were low. Major obstacle factors on the introduction of Hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system into food service institutions were lack of equipment and facilities (54.1%) and lack of understanding and data on HACCP system (17.3%). Therefore, in order to reduce the outbreak of food-borne diseases increasing frequency, we estimated that the introduction of sanitary management system and the conversion of dietician' perception on sanitary managements in food service institutions were needed.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 2018

In the fourth industrial revolution era triggered by the popularization of smart phones, Human daily life and all industrial sites are becoming software and intelligent. With the universal software education for all students nationwide from 2018, Demand is surging, and hardware is interlocked using software technology and Arduino. However, expensive control boards and dozens of different electronic components have to be prepared separately and problems are occurring. In addition, if the same training is repeated, Significantly many parts are lost or destroyed. Being prepared to start a new class is also becoming a very serious problem. In this study, we implement VR technology based on virtualization technology of Arduino board and various electronic parts. In addition, 3D graphics realistic Arduino kit and various electronic components are provided in API form. In this paper, we propose a method of interworking software and virtual hardware on virtualization base.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to assess effects of task oriented programme on balance and upper extremity function in stroke patient. Methods : The subject is right hemiplegia with stroke and participated for 6 weeks. The design of study ABA designed of single subject research. The baseline phase consisted of 5 sessions. The intervention phase consisted of 15 sessions and performed task oriented training. The Maintenance phase consisted of 5 sessions. An assessment of upper extremity function was made using a Manual Function Test(MFT) and balance were assessed by the Time Up and Go test(TUG), Nintendo Wii Balance Board Test. Results : Dynamic balance improved from 51.53 to 42.62. At baseline, difference between left and right of the static balance was an average of 13.8, After treatment, the static balance difference was 6.29 and It was closer to zero than baseline, so static balance has been stable feature. Also, MFT point increased from 6 to 7.6. Conclusion : Task oriented programme can useful in balance and upper extremity function in stroke patient. Further studies need to generalize these findings.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.674-680
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• 2014

Monitoring systems of informations for ship performance have become important gradually for economical management of existing ship. Monitoring of NOx emission from marine diesel engines is one of them. The measurement of NOx emission, however has been many difficulties due to technical and costly problems. A monitoring by prediction method of NOx on-board ship according to sailing condition of ship could be an useful method. In this paper, it is discussed about modified method of one-zone model which has been utilized usually for analyzing the combustion process. The modified method is able to calculate the temperature of burned region from the result by one-zone model. Influences which excess air ratio during combustion process affected for the gas temperature and NOx emission were investigated. From the results variation of excess air ratio during combustion process could be estimated inversely through the comparison with measurement of NOx emission.