• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.85-91
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• 2003

Quick Response based Mass-Customization can be produced and distributed customized goods and services on mass basis in apparel e-business. Because consumers cannot touch and feel the apparel products in e-business, they tend to have the negative buying behavior. The purposes of this study were to analyze factors of texture image, and to investigate the differences of consumer sensibility on texture image of apparel products based on different marketing channels (on-line/off-line). Two types of questionnaires for on-line and off-line were used to assess consumer sensibility on apparel fabric. The 8 swatches were selected based on the previous literatures. 202 returned questionnaires for each type (on-line/off-line) were analyzed by t-test, mean and standard deviation with SPSS 10.0. The result of this study was showed that there were partially significant differences on consumer sensibility on texture image of apparel products between on-line and off-line. In case of corduroy, consumers perceived more high-class image under on-line than off-line. In case of taffeta, consumers perceived more thin and dense image under off-line (traditional marketing channel) than on-line (e-commerce). In case of denim, consumers perceived more thin and natural image under off-line than online. In case of organza, consumers perceived more natural image under on-line than off-line. In case of satin, consumers perceived more natural image under on-line than off-line. In case of chiffon, consumers perceived denser image under on-line than off-line. In case of velvet, consumers perceived thinner image, higher-class image, and more natural image of texture sensibility under on-line than off-line. In case of single jersey, consumers perceived higher-class image, and denser image of texture under on-line than off-line.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.338-349
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to verify the factors that have the impact on Vietnamese female consumers' attitude towards PPL and purchase intention on products in K-Drama. Additionally, the current study aims to discover the moderating effect of usual perception on PPL and the effect of usual flow level on the effects of PPL informativeness and intrusiveness. The existing PPL related research have focused on the effect of the domestic contents on the domestic consumer. However, it is significant that this study examines the impacts of domestic contents on foreign audience' purchase intentions on advertised products. The empirical results are as follows. First, informativeness has positive impacts on attitudes towards PPL and purchase intentions on products. Second, intrusiveness has negative impacts on the outcome variables. Third, attitudes towards PPL shows positive effect on purchase intentions on products. Lastly, the research revealed some interesting evidences on the moderating effects of usual perception on PPL and usual flow level on the main effects.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.149-153
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• 1972

The apical foramen is not always found on the very tip of the root. The apical foramen may make its exit on the mesial, distal, labial or lingual side of a root slightly short of the root apex rather than at the root apex itself. The author collected 43 upper first molars and 84 lower first molars as a samples. Apical foramens were carefully checked and examined these location on each tip. (table 1) 1. About 33% to 49% of upper cases were found on extreme tip of roots and the remaining cases were on the distal side or mesial side. 2. Except distal simple canal of lower molars, approximately 40% to 50% were located on the very tip of the root. The remaining cases were on distal or mesial surface. 3. On lower distal simple canal, about 51% of cases made its exit on distal side. The remaining cases located on the tip end or mesial side.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.199-212
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cost-effectiveness analysis on on-line and off-line extra-curricula education(ECE). Based on a review of relevant literature, on-line ECE is defined as internet based learning, and off-line ECE is defined as on-site learning out of school such as private cram schools and private tutoring. The results of this study are as follows: First, sixty nine percent of the subjects were received ECE. Off-line ECE is more dominant than on-line ECE. Second, cost for off-line ECE is more expensive than on-line ECE. Third, off-line ECE is more effective than on-line ECE, when cost is ignored. Fourth, on-line ECE is more cost-effective than off-line ECE.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.15-26
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• 2014

Purpose - This study addresses an acquisition's impact on a firm's strategic relationship based on findings of existing academic studies and theoretical assertions. Through examining existing research results and theoretical grounds for an acquisition's impact on various stakeholders, this study indirectly approaches the impact on stakeholders including alliance partners. Research design, data, and methodology - This research identified a variety of related theoretical foundations and empirical studies. Research objectives of prior studies mainly focused on merging firms and direct participants of acquisition activity. In addition, academic attention on the impact on rival firms has recently been growing. However, little research on alliance partners was found. Prior studies simultaneously employed event study methodology and cross-sectional analysis to make further theoretical contributions. Results and Conclusions - Based on the findings of prior studies, this research proposed a complementary research model for future academic inquiry into the impact of an acquisition on an alliance partner's return and for predicting an acquisition announcement's effect on alliance partners.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.6 s.84
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• pp.195-208
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• 2006

This study investigated the characteristics of on-line auction users with addictive tendencies. A questionnaire survey was conducted on-line between September 9 and 14, 2005 and 1,608 adults who had experience in on-line auctions participated. As a result, 23.5 percent of the subjects in this study were shown to have addictive tendencies in their use of on-line auctions. The socio-demographic factor found was gender difference. That is, men were more likely to show addictive tendencies than women. The subjects who had addictive tendencies showed certain psychological characteristics such as lower self-esteem more symptoms of depression, and a higher sense of alienation compared to those without addictive tendencies. Finally, on-line auction users who had addictive tendencies were shown to visit on-line auction site more frequently and to stay logged on the auction site longer than non-addicts, reflecting that the frequent the use of on-line auction, the higher the possibility of addiction to on-line auction.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.123-132
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• 2018

This study presents perceived reputation, perceived quality, perceived assurance of online shopping malls as the attributes factors of online shopping malls and identifies the impact of perceived online shopping mall attributes on trust, involvement and purchasing intention. Also we analyzed whether trust on online shopping mall affect involvement and purchasing intention, and whether involvement on online shopping mall affect purchasing intention. The results show that perceived quality, perceived assurance of online shopping malls influence positively on trust, but perceived reputation does not. Second, perceived reputation, perceived quality, perceived assurance of online shopping malls doesn't influence positively on involvement. Third, perceived quality, perceived assurance of online shopping malls influence positively on purchasing intention, but perceived reputation does not. Forth, trust on online shopping mall influence positively on involvement and purchasing intention. Fifth, involvement on online shopping mall influence positively on purchasing intention.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect on teeth and tibia bone histopathologically in rats by the richitogenic diet. For this purpose, 48 sprague-dewley rats, weighing 80g or more, divided into 6 groups, and sacrificed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th weeks after experiments respectively. The tissues contain tooth, and tibial bone were fixed in 10% normal formalin solution, decalcified in Plank-Rychlo solution, embedded in paraffin, sectioned in $6-8{\mu}$ as usual manner, the tissues were stained in hematoxylin eosin, and examined hisopathologically. Follow results were attained 1. Pyknotic appearance of odontoblastic layer was noticed on the 1st week, and increased on the 2nd weeks, and it is appeared that degeneration and dearrangements of odontoblasts on the 4 weeks. But a little recovered on the 6th weeks. 2. The thickness of predentin layer was increased on the 2nd weeks, and increased remarkedly on the 3rd weeks and reached the maximum on the 5th weeks. 3. The interglobular dentin was appeared in spotty shape on the 2nd weeks, and increased on the 4th, 5th, weeks, and large amount of inter-globular dentin was appearanced on the 6th weeks. 4. It is appeared that enamel hypoplasia on the 4th weeks. 5. Epiphyseal and metaphyseal plate of tibia was increased from/on the 2nd weeks, increased maximumly on the 5th weeks. And pyknotic, dearrangements, and hyperchromatic appearances of chondrocytes on the plate were increased on the 1st week.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.255-267
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• 2018

This paper investigated the wind-snow flow around the bogie region of a high-speed train under crosswinds using a coupled numerical method of the unsteady Realizable $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model and discrete phase model (DPM). The flow features around the bogie region were discussed and the influence of bogie fairing height on the snow accumulation on the bogie was also analyzed. Here the high-speed train was running at a speed of 200 km/h in a natural environment with the crosswind speed of 15 m/s. The mesh resolution and methodology for CFD analysis were validated against wind tunnel experiments. The results show that large negative pressure occurs locally on the bottom of wheels, electric motors, gear covers, while the positive pressure occurs locally on those windward surfaces. The airflow travels through the complex bogie and flows towards the rear bogie plate, causing a backflow in the upper space of the bogie region. The snow particles mainly accumulate on the wheels, electric motors, windward sides of gear covers, side fairings and back plate of the bogie. Longer side fairings increase the snow accumulation on the bogie, especially on the back plate, side fairings and brake clamps. However, the fairing height shows little impact on snow accumulation on the upper region of the bogie. Compared to short side fairings, a full length side fairing model contributes to more than two times of snow accumulation on the brake clamps, and more than 20% on the whole bogie.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.36-50
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was 1) to estimate the improvement of thermal storage/release and moisture transport properties of PEG-treated acrylic athletic socks and suggest the optimum add-on for PEG treatment, 2) to investigate wear performance of untreated cocks and two kinds of socks treated with PEG of minimum and optimum add-on respectively, and 3) to consider the effect of thermal storage/release and moisture transport properties of PEG- treated socks on the wear performance and the subjective comfort zone. Thermal activities of specimens treated by PDC were evaluated on a DSC by measuring the heat of fusion on heating and the heat of crystallization on cooling. Moisture regain, absorption speed, wickability, water retenti on value, and water-vapor permeability were measured. In the wear trials that the subjects performed a subsequent exercise protocol wearing three differently treated socks in a conditioned environment ($14\pm2^{\circ}C$, 65$\pm$2% R.H.), microclimate temperature and humidity, and subjective wear sensations including thermal sensation, wettedness, softness, fit, and overall comfort were obtained. PEC-treated specimens with more than 20% add-on showed thermal storage on heating and thermal release on cooling by a DSC and the heat contents of treated ones were generally proportional to the add-ons. Moisture transport properties were highly improved after PEG treatment and increased rapidly with increasing add-on. The tendencies were, however, relaxed above 50% add-on and the treated knits were much stiffer above that add-on. In the wear trials of untreated, PEG add-on 20%, and 50% acrylic socks, the changes of microclimate temperature of 50% socks were significantly less than that of 20% socks. PEG add-on 50% socks showed significantly less changes of microclimate humidity than other two kinds of socks. Three kinds of socks showed significant differences in overall comfort and add-on 50% socks were accepted more comfortable than other two kinds of socks. Comfort zone of foot was extended after PEG treatment on socks and it implied that the subjects wearing PEG- treated socks felt comfortable in wider ranges of microclimate temperature and humidity.