• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1343-1350
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• 2005

In this study, the whole deformation conditions of domestic old tunnels and reinforcement methods for deformation tunnels were investigated and analysed, and the present conditions, occurrence cause and reinforcement methods of cavity behind the tunnel lining were investigated and analysed comprehensively. The deformation causes of domestic old tunnels could be classified in three kinds : change of earth pressure operating tunnel ground, material problem of concrete lining, mistake of design and construction. As a result of analysis, the tunnel deformation was occurred by not specific cause but various cause As a result of investigation for 455 domestic tunnel data, more than 70% of the tunnel deformation was related to leakage and the other deformation cause also accompanied leakage mostly. An applied reinforcement method was related to leakage and flood prevention measures, but application of reinforcement method for boundary area between tunnel and ground and tunnel periphery which influence on the tunnel stability was still defective. The cavity of domestic old tunnel occupied about 16% of the total tunnel length and about 68% of cavity was located in the crown of tunnel, and besides, the occurrence cause of cavity was analysed to design, construction and management cause. The filling method for cavity using filling material was comprehensively appling to cavity behind tunnel lining.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.1382-1387
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• 2010

A 3D FEM numerical analysis was performed to observe the changes of supporting system of a old 1-lane tunnel when it is enlarged to 2-lane, 3-lane and 4-lane. The standard Type-III supporting pattern was applied to the new tunnel because the ground was assumed as Type-III. The observation was carried out at the middle supporting system of the old 1-lane tunnel alignment. The results shows that the changes of old tunnel supporting system began when the new tunnel was excavated at 2D(D is the equivalent diameter of 1-lane tunnel) behind of the observation place and became very rapid from 1D.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2002

광산지역을 통과하는 터널 건설 공사에서, 기존 광산 갱도는 터널의 굴착 시공 뿐만 아니라 장기적 유지관리에 걸쳐 터널 안정성에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 광산지역을 통과하는 도로 터널의 시공사례에 대한 현장 조사 및 FLAC을 이용한 수치해석을 통하여, 터널에 대한 기존 갱도의 존재 패턴 및 암반조건에 따른 터널의 안정성을 분석하였다. 그리고 기존 갱도를 포함하는 인접 영역에 대한 그라우팅 보강 방안을 제시하고 터널 안정성을 확보할 수 있는 보강 효과를 수치해석적으로 검증하였다. 이상에서, 광산지역내 도로 터널 건설에 있어서 인접한 기존 갱도 존재와 관련한 터널 안정성 평가는 기존 갱도 규모, 터널과의 거리, 암반상태, 지하수 조건 등에 따라 그 영향 정도가 다르게 나타나므로 이러한 요소들을 복합적으로 고려하여 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2003

국내 재래식 터널의 대부분에 존재하는 배면공동은 라이닝의 균열, 누수, 응력집중 등을 유발하여 터널 안정성에 큰 영향을 미치게 된다. 이러한 배면공동의 보강은 공동을 뒤채움하는 방법이 일반적으로 적용되고 있는데, 본 연구에서는 현재 산업폐기물로 취급되어 버려지고 있는 석분토를 이용하여 터널 뒤채움용 경량기포 충전재를 개발하였고, 실내물성시험과 노후터널에 대한 현장적용시험을 수행하여 개발 충전재의 적용성 평가를 실시하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2022

Safety is a most important parameters in underground railway transportation; Also stability of underground tunnel is very important in tunneling engineering. Design of a reliable support system requires an evaluation of both ground demand and support capacity. Iran's traditional railway tunnels are mainly supported with masonry structures or unsupported in high quality rock masses. A decrease in rock mass quality due to changes in groundwater regime creep and fatigue in rock and similar phenomena causes tunnel safety to decrease during time. The case study is an old tunnel in Iran, called "Keshvar"; it is more than 50 years old railway organization. In operating this Tunnel, until the several problems came up based on stability and leaking water. The goal of study is evaluation of the various reinforcement systems for supporting of the tunnel. The optimal selection of the reinforcement system is examined using TOPSIS Fuzzy method in light of the looming and available uncertainties. Several factors such as; the tunnel span, maintenance, drainage, sealing, ventilation, cost and safety were based to choose the method and system of designing. Therefore, by identifying these parameters, an optimal reinforcement system was selected and introduced. Based on optimization system for analysis, it is revealed that the systematic rock bolts and shotcrete protection had a most appropriate result for these kind of tunnel in Iran.

• 한국터널공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국터널공학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.270-281
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• 2005

An especial attention for old tunnel safety is required on increasing of The various tunnel recently. Specially, the lining investigation method of the old tunnel will be able to presume condition of concrete lining indirectly. Because it is many restriction thought of environment and ground condition investigation method of tunnel lining rear. This study carried out section & convergence measurement of part which was deformed in tunnel lining. It had been observed for the change of tunnel behavior with a continuous measurement. It has been analyzed for a cause of tunnel deformation and inspected for the effect after a repair-reinforcement to tunnel compared with the effect before those by structure analysis. By establishing automatic measurement system after repair-reinforcement to tunnel, it would be accomplished to convergence measurement continually. As a result, it was observed that deflection and deformation of tunnel was convergent. but it should be followed to a continuous maintenance because of unstable ground condition, cause of inner tunnel, environment. The railroad tunnel which was executed a reinforcement of the tunnel lining must investigate the close condition of reinforcement lining and concrete lining.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2014

최근 도심재개발사업의 증가로 기존 건물 철거 후 신축공사를 하는 사례가 증가하는 추세이다. 그러나 현재까지의 연구는 신축공사에 따른 인접굴착이 지하철 터널에 미치는 영향 검토에 국한되어 왔다. 이에 따라 기존 주차장 건물을 철거한 후 신축공사가 이루어지는 ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$건물 신축사업을 연구대상으로 선정하여 상부 건물 철거 등으로 인한 하중제하 및 하중재하에 따른 지하철 터널에 미치는 영향 검토를 수행하였다. 수치해석은 기존 건물 철거를 고려한 경우와 고려하지 않은 경우에 대해 MIDAS/GTS를 사용하여 3차원 수치해석을 수행하고 터널 변위 및 부재력 결과 분석을 통해 기존 건물 철거가 지하철 터널에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과 기존 건물 철거를 고려하는 경우가 고려하지 않는 경우보다 지하철 터널에 미치는 영향이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1995년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.360-365
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to identify the various characteristics of the 53-years old railway tunnel linning concrete. The nondestructive technique such as the surface hardness method and the ultrasonic method, the extent of carbonation by the phenolphthalein indicator, and the chemical analysis due to XRD/XRF are considered Also the concrete core was cut in two pieces per tunnel for the exact evaluation of strength. On the basis of the experimental result, it is concluded that the durability and the serviceability of old tunnel linning concrete are affected by the initial mixing condition and the environmental effect.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2002

The most tunnel damage such as cracks or leakage which exist in tunnel lining commonly, is caused by the cavities where exist behind the tunnel lining, through the tunnel safety inspections. These cavities were analysed to affect a stability of a running-tunnel seriously. This study is on the development of the controlled low-strength and flowable filling material which is able to apply to the cavity behind the tunnel lining. The major materials of backfilling developed are a crushed sand and a stone-dust which exists as a cake-state and is a by-product obtained in the producting process of aggregate. It is conformed with the design standard to the physical characteristics of backfilling. The backfilling material developed is designed to reduce the fair amount of cement. According to the designed compound ratio, it is carried out the laboratory tests such as a compressive strength and a chemical analyses and is applied to dilapidated old tunnel for an application assessment.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.101-113
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• 2012

터널 노후화로 인한 배수능력 저하는 터널 주변 간극수압의 상승을 유발하고 이로 인해 터널 배면 라이닝 응력이 증가하여 터널 안정성에 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 시공된 지 30여년이 지난 재래식 터널인 남산 3호 터널을 대상으로 수발공 폐색에 따른 배수조건 변화와 그에 따른 터널 주변 간극수압 및 라이닝 안정성의 관계를 수치해석을 통하여 분석하였다. 해석방법은 남산 지역에 대하여 지하수 유동 모델링을 수행하고 이로부터 설정된 수리경계조건을 적용하여 터널 침투류와 응력-간극수압 연계 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하는 것으로 하였다. 이를 통하여 운영 중인 터널 현장에서 비교적 간단히 측정가능한 수발공 유출량 데이터를 이용하여 터널 주변 간극수압과 라이닝 응력을 산정할 수 있었으며, 본 연구에서 적용한 해석방법은 기존 자료가 부족하고 현장 조사에 제약이 많은 운영 중인 노후터널에 대하여 현재 터널의 배수상태를 고려하여 터널 안정성을 평가하는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.