• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.171-194
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• 2005

The essay attempts at a critical reading of Thomas Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886) in terms of character and socio-cultural change. Juxtaposing the story of Michael Henchard's career with the social and economic changes in the agricultural town, it attempts to elaborate on the complex ways in which Hardy relates the old modes of life and thinking to the material culture. Though the novel is centered on the story of Henchard, the Henchard-Farfrae clash represents the conflict of "old" and "new" modes of socio-economic organization and consciousness. The story of the rustic man of character struggling with his contradictory traits of strong will-power and emotional collapse suggests that Hardy's literary representation of the rural community and the rustic protagonist is deeply rooted in historical reality. However, while there is the interlocking of the changes in personal fate and social change, the representation is a "reinvented" literary construction with complex mediation. Despite the narrator's emphasis on Henchard's immutability, peculiarity, and resilience, his character is, in a complex, mediated way, shaped by the material conditions of English rural community in the late 19th century. The mediating role of Elizabeth-Jane as a narrative resolution embodies Hardy's ambivalent historical position concerning the period undergoing change and conflict.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.43-52
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• 2021

This study examines the spatial structure of Jeju-eupseong (Town-castle) in the Joseon Dynasty. The spatial structure of Jeju-eupseong has distinctive features and regional characteristics that are substantially different from typical eupseong in inland regions. This is mainly attributed to the geographical characteristics of the island and the administrative system with strengthened military functions. Jeju-eupseong displays a distinctive layout of major buildings and road system with a plaza located in its center in comparison with the ones found in inland regions. Gwandeokjeong Plaza in Jeju-eupseong served as the center of Jeju's politics, administration, and culture during the Joseon Dynasty, and it, in the modernization period, has become an open public space in the heart of Old Downtown used for community gatherings. Therefore, this study aims to explore the historical background and distinctive spatial structure of Jeju-eupseong in comparison with eupseong in other parts of Korea. Moreover, the study examines the characteristics of Gwandeokjeong as a plaza that has not been dealt with in other studies of eupseong.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.159-175
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• 2013

Recently, Interests in rehabilitation of the old town center has grown. Incheon city are propelling many renewal plans for the area, Rapid Urbanization and outskirt developments have expanded city space and city center has been weakened and declined. With responds to these phenomena, World's interests on creative city is increasing nowadays and projects of creating creative city from many countries are being launched. Korea is one of the countries who follows this trend and is also proceeding projects on creating creative city. However, identities of our nation and city which have rapidly grown only based on logics of economic growth are disappearing. Hence, this study intend to focus on the cities of creative which draw the participation of its citizens. Thus, this study examining basic theoretical background from literatures, theory, precedent studies related to citizen participation & creative city. Then, the study establish a framework of analysis by extracting principal factors to creative city construction methodology centered on citizen participation. Furthermore, this study suggests the creative city construction methodology of citizen participation centered on for old downtown through survey residents consciousness.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.602-619
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• 2004

The purposes of this study are to describe the changes of retail environment and general merchandise retail structure in Daejeon Metropolitan City since e distribution market open. At the interval of five years (1996～2001) the rapid increase of large-scale discount stores have had a profound impacts on the retail structure and the spatial retail structure. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the proportion of general merchandise retail has increased in the retail structure. Second, each business type of general merchandise retail has taken different growth pattern, which has been distributed differently. Third, the establishment of general merchandise retail is on the decrease, the annual sale of general merchandise retail is one increase. Moreover the hightest sale region is changed from old-town to new-town. Many more variables like assortment of goods according to the locality should be reflected in the following spatial retail structure research.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.931-938
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• 2014

This study presents a systematic method of evaluation with the premise that satisfaction rating scale of the walking environment will vary according to the characteristics of land use by footpath types. Ultimately, it aims to contribute to the effective management and improvement of footpaths. The result of the study shows a statistically significant difference in the indicators and it's weights for walking environment on new town, old town, commercial areas, subway station, river and park by footpath types. After applying the walking environment assessment model to some of the footpaths in Suwon, it was found that actual level can be simulated successfully in reality. Therefore, the result of the study is expected to help determining the priorities for the walking environment improvement for the local government.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.8 no.2 s.16
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• pp.117-127
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• 2000

The economic development and the development of medical treatment by scientific technology development progressed the level of national people life and improved average life gradually. In this reason, old people who have finance power would like to receive a comport and high level service, though paying proper expense. In this study, receiving this requirement, we focused that silver town have reasonable and comfortable residing environment in developing rural and rest form silver town objecting external area of Chon-Ju city, and selected land suitability. Through the learning of the neural network theory in the method of land suitability, we applied in the full of study area and improved a flexible determination making as giving each class value in each cell. Also, we compare a method of land suitability using the neural network theory, and it's analysis with a method of land suitability by the duplication method of Boolean Logic have been used In Geo Spatial Information System(GSIS) and proved the Boolean Logic's lose of values and the propriety.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.242-258
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• 2015

This study discusses spatial distribution of the silver towns in the Seoul metropolitan area and investigates how the residents recognize their silver towns through in-depth interviews. Nowadays there are many elders who prefer to live in urban downtown or suburb areas which can be connected with the places of their pre-retirement lives. Therefore, the silver towns in the Seoul metropolitan area have been increasing. The facilities are mainly located in northern part of Seoul and southern part of Gyeonggi province near the network of major express roads. Location and accessibility are more important than any other factors when the elderly contemplate moving into silver town. Silver town residents are likely to have meaningful times and positive identities by communicating with friends there. The elders aged 80 years or older living in silver towns think the silver towns as their home while 'young old' people complain their limited rights of decision making and they consider additional move.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-64
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• 2008

The object of this research is to examine the planning principles of Sangju which has an old history The results of the investigation are as follow 1. Sangju placed on the plains in the castle, it is established in Korea Dynasty 2. The formation of Sangju is infruenced Feng-shui. They plants Chestnuts against centipede mountain 3. Sangju is similar to the configuration of the another city in Feng-shui and elements of Component. But, many buildings(jin-Young(Military site), Choong-Ui-Dan, Choong-Yeol-Sa) are associated with the war in Sangju. 4. The City hall is located on the west side of the hotel(Kaek-Sa). It is located on Wang-San which is a place where citizens with symbolism. So, the City hall is higher than Kaek-Sa 5. The cruciform style road which connected with 4 gates was formed in the castle.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.274-285
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• 2021

Nowadays, cities are developing rapidly, and the development of old and new towns are not balanced. The decline of old towns has promoted the development of new towns, leading to serious decline of old towns, population loss, and environmental degradation. This research hopes to alleviate the decline of the old town, try to find a balance between the old and the new towns, and use the development concept of "symbiosis" to develop the old and new towns together. The new and old towns will develop together, so that the old towns will be rejuvenated. Research method is to conduct preliminary research and theoretical investigation on the two parts of "symbiosis" and community space, sort out the space composition and characteristic elements, propose the concept of symbiosis community, and conduct case analysis. Since 2016, China has implemented the 'Symbiosis Institute' renewal project in Beijing. It selected the case of the post-2016 alley community in Dongcheng and Xicheng District, Beijing for analysis, and conducted a questionnaire survey to finally obtain the results of the analysis. According to the choice of spatial composition and characteristics in each case, and at the same time refer to the results of the questionnaire, sort out the results of importance. In the future design, we hope to use the above design strategy as a reference to realize the city's "symbiotic" development.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.31-43
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• 2017

This study was aimed at analyzing the operational efficiency of DPAs(the delivery and pickup agents), which serve as sub-terminals in parcel delivery services, using CCR/BCC models in DEA. The input variables included the number of employees, and the amount of equipment and the operating expenses. The output variable was revenue value. The efficiency for the period from 2014 to 2016 was analyzed. The results revealed that the operational efficiency improved in 2016, compared with 2014, in both CCR and BCC models. According to the benchmarking analysis, DMU 1 and DMU 7 showed higher efficiency in 2016. The inefficiency analysis based on the BCC model showed increased efficiency of all factors in 2016 when compared with 2014. The Malmquist productivity index (MPI) dropped slightly as a result of technical changes and indicated a declining technical efficiency in all DMUs. This study suggests the need for government-led systematic improvement and support for DPAs by providing current insight into the parcel delivery industry and analyzing DPAs' operational efficiency in Korea for the first time. This research performed efficiency analysis of DPAs located in new town of paju and gimpo cities. In future research, comparative study on efficiency analysis including new town, old town area, and other cities are needed.