• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.175-187
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• 2023

Peanuts, also known as groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), are globally recognized as a vital oilseed crop. Peanuts are rich in proteins (e.g., arginine), oils (e.g., oleic acid and linoleic acid), fiber, vitamins (e.g., niacin and tocopherol), and carbohydrates and are consumed worldwide. However, the presence of aflatoxin (AF) has garnered substantial attention since its initial discovery as the causative agent of Tukey's X disease in the United Kingdom in 1960. Among the 18 aflatoxins identified, aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) has the highest toxic activity and causes hepatocellular carcinoma. It is classified as Group I by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The present study was conducted to evaluate aflatoxin B₁ resistance of 102 peanut accessions and select putative aflatoxin B₁-resistant peanut accessions to aflatoxin B₁. One hundred and one Korean germplasms harvested in 2020 were inoculated with A. flavus to identify aflatoxin-resistant cultivars, and the aflatoxin B₁ concentration was measured using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. Twenty-six accessions with aflatoxin B₁ concentrations lower than those of the check plant 55-437 were chosen for the development of aflatoxin-resistant varieties in Korea. As Korean aflatoxin-resistant varieties have not yet been developed, the findings of the present study are expected to provide useful information for the development of aflatoxin-resistant cultivars.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.23-23
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• 2022

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most valuable oilseed crop in the world. It is widely used in various industries, such as food, animal feed, energy and chemical industries. In order to improve the industrial requirements for rapeseed, useful agronomic characteristics (higher yields and disease resistance etc.) and modified oil traits (fatty acid composition and fat content) are important in rapeseed. However, Korea has limiting genetic resources of novel traits in rapeseed. In this research, novel rapeseed mutant genotypes by mutation breeding was developed. The mutant lines were generated by the treatment of the seeds of the original cultivar 'Tamra' with 700 Gy of gamma-ray (⁶⁰Co). Mutants showing varied in flowering time, crude fat content, seed yield and fatty acid content that exhibited stable inheritance of the mutated characteristics from M₅ to M₇ generations were selected. We investigated genetic variation using SNPs identified from GBS analysis in rapeseed mutant lines derived from the gamma-ray, and interactions between the major agronomic and the oil traits. Significantly associated SNP loci were explored along with candidate genes using SNPs obtained by GBS analysis. As a results of association mapping, a total of 322 SNPs were significantly associated with agronomic traits (155 SNPs) and oil traits (167 SNPs). A total of 70 genes were annotated from agronomic characteristics SNPs; among them 7 genes significantly enriched in developmental process, and a total of 70 genes were annotated from crude fat content and fatty acid compositions SNPs; among them, 11genes were significantly enriched in biosynthetic process. These results could be used for the selection of rapeseed cultivar with enhanced qualities and potential economic benefits.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.73-73
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• 2022

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Family Asteraceae) is highly ranked in production and economic value and is consumed either fresh or in salad mixes because of its important dietary source of bioactive phytochemicals. The world collection of Lactuca spp. leafy crops, maintained in NAC, includes 2,464 accessions from 71 countries around the world, of which 2,411 belong to L. sativa species, nineteen to L. saligna, and fifteen to L. serriolar. We aimed to investigate the lettuce germplasm with morphological and biochemical analyses and provide new material for breeding. The lettuce crop comprises seven main groups of cultivars (including oilseed lettuce) differing phenotypically. Agricultural characteristcs were investigated including time to bolting, time to flowering, seed color, flower color, leaf attitude, leaf color, leaf anthocyanin coloration, type of incision of margin, depth of incisions of margins, and leaf venation. Screening of the health beneficial metabolites like anthocyanin and bitter sesquiterpene lactones (lactucin and lactucopicrin) was also conducted. The range of anthocyanin and SLs were 0~563.78 mg/100g D.W. and 3.74~3311.66 ug/g D.W., respectively. The investigation of the degree of variation regarding phenotypic traits and biochemical revealed adaptive stable and highly variable use of trait collection.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.146-158
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• 2014

Camelina sativa that belongs to Brassicaceae family is an emerging oilseed crop. Camelina seeds contain approximately 40% storage oils per seed dry weight, which are useful for human and animal diets and industrial applications. Microsomal delta-12 fatty acid desaturase2 (FAD2) catalyzes the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid. The polymorphisms of FAD2 genes are correlated with the levels of oleic acids in seed oils. Microsomal delta-12 fatty acid desaturase2 (FAD2) catalyzes the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid. The polymorphisms of FAD2 genes are correlated with the levels of oleic acids in seed oils. In this study, three CsFAD2 genes (CsFAD2-1, CsFAD2-2 and CsFAD2-3.1) were isolated from developing seeds of Camelina sativa (L.) cv. CAME. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of three CsFAD2 genes were compared with those from dicotyledon and monocotyledon plants including Camelina cultivars Sunesone and SRS933. Three histidine motifs (HECGH, HRRHH, and HVAHH) required for FAD activity and a hydrophobic valine or isoleucine residue, which is a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) marker related with enzyme activity are well conserved in three CsFAD2s. The expressions of CsFAD2-1 and CsFAD2-3.1 were ubiquitously detected in various Camelina organs, whereas the CsFAD2-2 transcripts were predominantly detected in flowers and developing seeds. The contents of oleic acids decreased, whereas the amounts of linoleic acid increased in dry seeds of transgenic fad2-2 lines expressing each CsFAD2 gene compared with fad2-2 mutant, indicating that three CsFAD2 genes are functionally active. The isolated CsFAD2 genes might be applicable in metabolic engineering of storage oils with high oleic acids in oilseed crops.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2017

One of the most important species, Brassica rapa encompasses a variety of commercial vegetables, such as the Chinese cabbage, pak choi and oilseed crops. The LP08 of yellow sarson (Brassica rapa ssp, tricolaris) have a distinct morphology, with yellow seed color and a unique tetralocular ovary. LP21 of pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp, chinensis) have a dark brown seed color and bilocular ovary. In this study, we generated double haploid plants by crossing the LP08 (maternal variety) and LP21 (paternal variety), using microspore culture. A total of 66 accessions with various morphological characteristics were used for content analysis of flavonoids. The three flavonoids, quercetin, naringenin and kaempferol, showed differing contents in the two crossing parents. The Chinese cabbage type 'Chiifu' was used as the control. The highest accumulation of total flavonoids was observed in LP08. The lowest mean total flavonoids were found in 'Chiifu'. Among the 66 DH accessions, the quercetin contents of 18 accessions showed higher content than LP08. Kaempferol content was also high, and was found to be 79.7% of the total flavonoid content. Naringenin content was low at 2.8%, and was not detected in 22 accessions. Interestingly, the quercetin content positively correlated with the kaempferol content. These results can be used to identify genetic locus and genes related to useful traits. Phenotypic analysis of 66 DH accessions can further be used for natural selection of good breeding materials in B. rapa.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.319-326
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• 2010

An interest in the production of seed-oil based fuel and raw materials, which comes from renewable plant sources, has been intrigued by the phenomenon of global warming and shortage of fossil fuels. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is the most important oilseed crop, which produces seeds with 40% oil. It is desirable to develop genetically modified rapeseed producing oils, which can be easily converted to biodiesel. As an initial step for development of genetically modified rapeseed for the production of biofuels or bio-based materials, Korean rapeseed cultivars, Naehan, Youngsan, Tammi and Halla, were analyzed. Four Korean rapeseed cultivars produce 32 to 40% oil of seed dry weight, which is rich in oleic acid (more than 60 mole%). The cotyledonary petioles of rapeseed cultivar, Halla, were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101, carrying the uidA gene encoding $\beta$-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter gene and the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) gene as a selectable marker. The stable integration of PAT gene in the genome of transgenic rapeseeds was confirmed by PCR analysis. Expression of uidA gene in various rapeseed organs was determined by fluorometric assay and histochemical staining. Transformation efficiency of a Korean rapeseed Halla cultivar was 10.4%. Genetic inheritance of transgenes was confirmed in $T_2$ generation.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 2015

Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is now the second largest oilseed crop after soybean. Cold temperature tolerance is an important agronomic trait in winter rapeseed that determines the plant's ability to control below freezing temperatures. To improve cold tolerance of rapeseed plants, an expression vector containing an Barley Ice recrystallization inhibition protein (HvIRIP) cDNA driven by a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was transferred into rapeseed plants. Transgenic expression of HvIRIP was proved by southern- and northern-blot analyses. The level of freezing tolerance of transgenic $T_3$ plants was found to be significantly greater than that of wild-type rapeseed plants by freezing assay. Proline accumulation during cold stress was also highly induced in the transgenic rapeseed plants. The transgenic plants exhibited considerable tolerance against oxidative damage induced by cold stress. Our results indicated that heterologous HvIRIP expression in transgenic rapeseed plants may induce several oxidative-stress responsive genes to protect from cold stress.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.617-626
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• 2003

This experiment employed a rumen simulated continuous culture system to examine the possibility of improving the rumen bypass of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by using a high proportion of concentrate in the feed, and compared soya and linseed in terms of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production. No effect of type of fat source was observed on ruminal fermentation. A high proportion of concentrate (80%) in the feed decreased (P<0.001) vessel pH but increased (P<0.01) ammonia nitrogen, total VFA, acetate, butyrate and valerate concentrations compared with a low proportion (40%). Fat sources (soya vs. linseed) and concentrate ratio in the feed did not affect digestibilities of organic matter (OM), total nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Soya increased the flows of trans C18:1, C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3 compared with linseed. The difference in fat source alone did not affect the flow of CLA but this was increased when high levels of soya and linseed were associated with a high proportion of concentrate in the feed. There was no effect of fat source on biohydrogenation of C18:1 n-9 and C18:2 n-6, but biohydrogenation of C18:3 n-3 and total C18 PUFA was higher with the linseed than with the soya treatment. A high proportion of concentrate decreased biohydrogenation of C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3 and total C18 PUFA compared with a low proportion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.204-213
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• 2008

Four ruminally cannulated Holstein cows averaging 43 days in milk (DIM) were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square to determine the effect of feeding extruded soybean, ground canola seed and whole cottonseed on ruminal fermentation and milk fatty acid profile. One hundred and twenty lactating Holstein cows, 58 (${\pm}31$) DIM, were assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized block design to study the effects of the three types of oilseeds on production parameters and milk fatty acid profile. The four diets were a control diet (CON) and three diets in which 10% extruded soybean (ESB), 5% ground canola seed (GCS) and 10% whole cottonseed (WCS) were included, respectively. Diets consisted of concentrate mix, corn silage and Chinese wild rye and were balanced to similar concentrations of CP, NDF and ADF. Ruminal fermentation results showed that ruminal fermentation parameters, dry matter intake and milk yield were not significantly affected by treatments. However, compared with the control, feeding cows with the three oilseed diets reduced C14:0 and C16:0 and elevated C18:0 and C18:1 concentrations in milk, and feeding ESB increased C18:2 and cis9, trans11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Production results showed that feeding ESB tended to increase actual milk yield (30.85 kg/d vs. 29.29 kg/d) and significantly decreased milk fat percentage (3.53% vs. 4.06%) compared with CON. Milk protein (3.41%) and solid non-fat (13.27%) from cows fed WCS were significantly higher than from cows fed CON (3.24% and 12.63%, respectively). Milk urea N concentrations from cows fed the ESB (164.12 mg/L) and GCS (169.91 mg/L) were higher than cows fed CON (132.31 mg/L). However, intake of DM, 4% fat corrected milk, energy corrected milk, milk fat and protein yields, milk lactose percentage and yield, somatic cell count and body condition score were not affected by different treatments. The proportion of medium-chain fatty acid with 14 to 16 C units in milk was greatly decreased in cows fed ESB, GCS and WCS. Feeding ESB increased the concentration in milk of C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 and cis9, trans11-CLA content by 16.67%, 37.36%, 95.24%, 72.22%, respectively, feeding GCS improved C18:0 and C18:1 by 17.41% and 33.28%, respectively, and feeding WCS increased C18:0 by 31.01% compared with feeding CON. Both ruminal fermentation and production trial results indicated that supplementation of extruded soybean, ground canola seed and whole cottonseed could elevate the desirable poly- and monounsaturated fatty acid and decrease the medium chain fatty acid and saturated fatty acid content of milk fat without negative effects on ruminal fermentation and lactation performance.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.3 s.58
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• pp.173-180
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• 2006

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), one of the oldest oilseed crops, has been known to posses antioxidative and inflammatory effects. This seed contains lignan compounds such as sesamin, sesamol, sesaminol, sesaminol diglucosides (SDG), and sesaminol triglucosides (STG). Sesamin, a major lignan in sesame, displayed several biological activities including a protective effects against oxidative damage in the skin. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sesamin, sesamol, sesaminol, SDG, and STG, on nitric oxide (NO) induction and inducible nitric oxide synthane (iNOS) and cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) expression in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that sesamol and sesaminol significantly inhibited NO generation but they were also cytotoxicity however, sesamin effectively inhibited NO production ($IC_{50}: 64{\mu}M$) without my cytotoxic effect in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In further study, it was founded that sesamin inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase but not COX-2 expression. These results suggest that sesamin may be useful for improvements of the inflammatory diseases.