• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.42-47
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• 2023

Carthamus tinctorius L. (known as safflower) is a valuable oil plant whose importance is increasing rapidly in the world due to its high adaptation to arid regions. The seeds of this unique plant are especially used in edible oil, soap, paint, varnish and lacquer production. Its flowers are used in vegetable dye production and medicinal purposes beside its features as a coloring and flavoring in food. After the oil is removed, the remaining pulp and plant parts are used as animal feed, and dry straw residues are used as fuel. Beside all these features, its usage as a herbal medicinal plants for various diseases has gained importance on recent years. In this study, it was designed a plant metabolomic approach which transfers all the recent data processing strategies of untargeted metabolomics in clinical applications to the present study. Q-TOF LC/MS-based analysis of the extracts (70% ethanol, hexane, and chloroform) for both seed and flowers was performed using a C18 column (Agilent Zorbax 1.8 µM, 100 × 2.1 mm). Differences were observed in seed and fruit extracts and these differences were visualized using principal component analysis (PCA) plots. The total number and intersections of the peaks in the extracts were visualized using peak count comparison graph. Based on the experimental results, the number of the detected peaks for seeds was higher than the ones for the flowers for all solvent systems to extract the samples.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.371-380
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• 2017

To investigate the pigments used in modern and contemporary oil paintings, thirty-two paintings by Jiho Oh and Bonung Gu were selected. The white pigment found in the ground and painting layers was identified as lead white (hydrocerussite), zinc white (zinc oxide), titanium white (titanium dioxide in anatase or rutile forms), calcite (calcium carbonate), and barite (barium sulfate). Further, this indicated that pigments differ according to the artist and date of the painting's creation. However, both Oh and Gu used zinc white during the modern and contemporary period, while lead white was replaced by titanium white, barite and calcite. Compared with the overseas studies on pigments and oil paints, the change patterns of pigments were the same with them but the periods of the use were partially different. It seems to be due to the fact that South Korea is linked to the historical background of the art material which was imported from Japan instead of Western countries. Therefore, it is inevitable that any change in the white pigments used for domestic oil paintings occurred at a different time from global transitions. If the results of this study are used in the analysis of art works it is suggested that a database recording such aspects as material properties of oil paints, artistic techniques, and chronology would become important for future conservation science and the study of art history.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.93-105
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• 2003

The Precast Concrete(PC) method was developed for a large production of a structure in Europe. Afterwards, this PC method has been applied to a structure and an outside Coating of buildings extensively. The outside Coating of the building applied this PC method is a method to put tiles or stones to base concrete. And there is a method to use paints for, so the expression of various patterns is possible. The Multi-Layer Coating is one of the methods to use paints. This Multi-Layer Coating method can show various designs of external appearance with Foam when it is made with the PC panel. Also, the paint film of the PC panel enables a splendid appearance, and a protective function of concrete is possible, too. Therefore, it makes good durability of the PC. Besides, maintenance is easy to manage because it is free from pollution when it uses metallic materials, stones, or any other materials. You might have no trouble in applying the Multi-Layer Coating method in order to save a merit of an outside Coating on the PC panel. However, the Multi-Layer Coating method used as a current outside Coating method has pollution and bad working environment because Oil Epoxy Resins have toxicity and flammability. Therefore, a lot of warnings are required for coating work in order to have appropriate quality because working hours are short, and production efficiency is low too. These reasons make the cost of construction of the Multi-Layer Coating method increase. And employers or designers may have problems in selecting this Multi-Layer Coating method. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to get activation of the Multi-Layer Coating method by offering improvement measures about the problems of the existing Multi-Layer Coating method.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 1979

In order to obtain the basic data for designing optimum flat plate solar air heaters, which can be operated with relatively low temperature for drying farm products, 8 different treatment of solar air heaters were devised and tested for their heating performances and efficiencies. The results were analised and summarized as follows. 1. The primary factors, structure of air path (C), black coating materials (A) and bottom coating methods (B) showed very high significant effect of far above 1% level. With respect to the mutual multiplying effect of secondary factors, 1% level of significance was found with coating materials and methods (AB), and 5% level of significance was found with coating materials and air path structure (AC). 2. The heating performance of the air heaters with winding air path showed about twice those with straight air path. 3. The Korean black ink which is less expensive than dim oil paint showed 3-4% better heating efficiencies as the black coating material of flat plate solar air heaters. 4. The heating efficiencies of the solar air heaters whose bottoms were not black coated were 2-3% higher than those with black coated bottoms. 5. The highest heating efficiency of solar air heater among 8 different treatment was found in the plot of Korean black ink-bottom not coated-winding air path showing 29.0-34.5%

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2013

Adulterations fuel have been using in the vehicle in these days. Because gasoline, diesel prices are rising every day. so people find more cheap price fuel. Adulterations fuel caused a serious air pollution problems. Adulteration fuel were made from waste engine oil, waste paint. According to Government regulations permit to be used recycle fuel(adulteration fuel) only in industrial boiler. Unburned fuel pollutants are effected to human health. In this paper, the hazardous air pollutants characteristics in the diesel vehicles according to adulterations of vehicle fuels were carried out in the NEDC test mode in chassis dynamometer. It is revealed that the all of the regulation pollutants (THC, NOx, CO and PM) emission in the adulterations of vehicle fuels was increased also the green house gas, $CO_2$ was increased. In the hazardous air pollutants characteristics, the VOCs(Volitile Organic Compounds) BTEX(Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene) emissions in the adulterations of vehicle fuels showed higher level than these in the diesel fuels.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.639-643
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• 2000

A 33-year-old woman was presented with dyspnea and chest discomfort after indigesting approximately 500ml of oil paint brush washing fluid. Hypoxic symptoms and radiographic infiltrates rapidly progressed. The patient was intubated and received mechanical ventilation. Bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsies were performed. The CT scan of the lung showed bilateral extensive pneumonitis with necrosis and the lung tissue pathologic findings showed diffuse alveolar damage with extensive necrosis and numerous lipid-laden macrophages. After intensive medical care with mechanical ventilation, her symptoms and radiological findings improved.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2008

In the present work, atomization characteristics of shear-thinning liquid slurry discharging from fan spray nozzles were studied experimentally for spray painting applications. The effects of solid particle size and concentration on the properties (especially on the viscosity) of suspensions and mean drop size were examined by using model fluids. In the range of low particle concentration (below 3 wt%), the fluid viscosity was primarily determined by the particle size. On the other hand, in the range of high particle concentration (higher than 10 wt%), the agglomeration phenomenon and the oil absorption capability of solid particles played major roles in determining the fluid viscosity. In the high concentration region, which most of the paints belong to, the fluid became more viscous and the shear thinning behavior appeared more prominent as the particle concentration was increased. In this region, mean drop size(SMD) decreased more rapidly with the increase of the injection pressure. Also, SMD became larger with the higher particle concentration and the larger particle size.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2020

In recent years, oil prices have continued to be low owing to the development of unconventional resources such as shale gas, coalbed methane gas, and tight gas. However, shipping companies are still experiencing difficulties because of recession in the shipping market. Hence, they devote considerable effort toward reducing operating costs. One of the important parameters for reducing operating costs is the frictional resistance of vessels. Generally, a vessel is covered with paint for smoothing its surface. However, frictional resistance increases with time owing to surface roughness, such as that caused by fouling. To prevent this, shipping companies periodically clean or repaint the surfaces of vessels using analyzed operating data. In addition, studies using various methods have been continuously carried out to identify this phenomenon such as fouling for managing ships more efficiently. In this study, numerical simulation was used to analyze the change in the resistance performance of a ship owing to an increase in surface roughness using commercial software, i.e., Star-CCM+, which solves the continuity and Navier eStokes equations for incompressible and viscous flow. The conditions for numerical simulation were verified through comparison with experiments, and these conditions were applied to three ships to evaluate resistance performance according to surface roughness.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.823-829
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• 1993

The basic medium oil modified alkyd resin was synthesized from linseed oil fatty acid(LOFA), phthalic anhydride(PAA), trimellitic anhydride(TMA ), and trimthylol propane(TMP) by condensation polymerization at $230^{\circ}C$. TMPTA modified water-reducible alkyd resins were synthesized with TMPTA graft copolymerization onto the basic resin at $180^{\circ}C$. Acid value of the resin was controlled by the addition of TMA and N,N-Dimethylethanol amino(DMEA) was used as an neutralizing agent to prepare water-reducible alkyd. To evaluate the optimum formulation for anionic alkyd resin, water proofness and water reducibility were estimated from the acid value or TMA contents. The effect of TMPTA on the graft copoymerization of the resin was studied by measuring molecular weight, glass transition temperature(Tg), viscosity, and gel contents. The suitable balance of water proofness and water reducibility of the resin was obtained at range of 5.3~7.0wt.% of TMA contents or 40~50 of acid value of basic resin. The molecular weight, viscosity, and gel contents of water-reducible alkyd resin were increased according to the TMPTA graft copolymerization, but Tg was decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.646-652
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• 2014

Data of pollution incidents which occurred in shipyards of South Korea for 10 years from 2004 to 2013 were collected and analyzed in order to propose the plans for the prevention of pollution incidents in shipyards. Total number of pollution incidents in shipyards was 103 cases over the nation of Korea for the recent 10 years and the average annual number was about 10 cases, and annual cases tended to increase from 8 cases in 2004 to 23 cases in 2010 and then to decrease to 9 cases in 2013. The location data of pollution incidents showed 32 cases in Busan metropolitan city (31%), 30 cases in Jeonnam (29%), 21 cases in Gyeongam (21%), 5 cases in Jeju (5%), 4 cases in Gangwon (4%), 4 cases in Gyeongbuk (4%), 3 cases in Chungnam (3%) and 3 cases in Incheon metropolitan city (3%). According to the data of work types of shipyards, 60 cases happened during the work of ship repair (58%), 25 cases during the work of ship breakup (24%), 10 cases in the course of ship building (10%) and 8 cases by others (8%). The data of pollutant type showed oil and oily mixtures to be 59 cases (57%), waste paint dust to be 22 cases (21%), iron dust and welding slag to be 13 cases (13%), wastes to be 4 cases (4%), waste FRP powder to be 3 cases (3%), and others to be 2 cases (2%). The plans for the prevention of pollution incidents in shipyards of Korea were proposed as follows; (1) Observance of the related laws and regulations, (2) Establishment and implementation of action plans to prevent areas dense with shipyards from causing pollution incidents, (3) Establishment and implementation of oil pollution prevention plans in shipyards, especially during the ship repair and breakup works, (4) Preparation of measures to solve civil complaints against pollution incidents in shipyards, and (5) Improvement in national management for the control of shipyards.