• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of the aroma therapy of three kinds of aroma oil mixtures on asthma. 1. The percentage of granulocytes/lymphocytes population in mouse OVA-induced asthma lung cells was decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 2. The number of CCR3+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, CD23 and CD3e+/CD69+ in lungs of the mice group treated with M1 were decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 3. The number of IgE+/B220+ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with M1 decreased significantly compared with those of control group. But the number of B220+ cells in the lunes of the mice group treated with M1 didn't show significant difference compared with those of control group. 4. The number of Gr-1+/CD11b+ cells in lungs of the mice group treated with M1 didn't show significant difference compared with those of control group. But the number of CD11b+ cells in lungs of the mice group treated with M1 decreased significantly compared with those of control group.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.84-94
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• 2018

Subsea pipelines are designed to transport mixtures of oil, gas, and their associated impurities from a wellhead that can be in excess of approximately $100^{\circ}C$, while the external temperature may be approximately $5^{\circ}C$. Heat can be lost from a subsea pipeline containing a high-temperature fluid to the surrounding environment. It is important that the pipeline be designed to ensure that the heat loss is small enough to maintain sufficient flow from the unwanted deposition of hydrate and wax, which occurs at a critical temperature of about $40^{\circ}C$. Therefore, it is essential to estimate the heat loss of a subsea pipeline in various circumstances. In previous studies, overall heat transfer coefficient(OHTC) formulas were considered only for a single soil type. Thus, it is difficult to characterize the OHTC of the actual seabed with multiple soil layers. In this paper, an OHTC formula that considers multi-layered soils is proposed for more precise OHTC estimation.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 1999

ABSTRACT-A self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) was developed to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drug, biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate, DDB. The system was optimized by evaluating the solubility of DDB and the microemulsion existence range after the preparation of microemulsions with varying compositions of triacetin and surfactant-cosurfactant mixtures (Labrasol as surfactant (S) and the combination of Transcutol, Cremophor RH 40 and Plurol oleique as cosurfactant (CoS)). SMEDDS in this study markedly improved the solubility of DDB in water up to 10 mg/ml and the size of the o/w microemulsion droplets measured by dynamic light scattering showed a narrow monodisperse size distribution with an average diameter less than 50 nm. The microemulsion existing range is increased proportional to the ratio of S/CoS, however, it decreased remarkably as the oil content was more than 20%. In vitro dissolution study of SMEDDS showed a significantly increased dissolution rate of DDB in water (> 12 fold over DDB powder), and SMEDDS also had significantly greater permeability of DDB in Caco-2 cell compared to powders.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.457-468
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• 2003

Active ingredients have been around in cosmetics for a long time but have they really resulted in active cosmetic products\ulcorner In order to achieve this, the right active needs to be delivered to the right location at the right concentration for the correct period of time. And the extent (and therefore the concentration) of this delivery depends on the formulation. From a rather theoretical approach based on the polarity of the active ingredient, the stratum corneum and the oil phase, the Relative Polarity Index was established that enables the selection of a suitable emollient for ensuring skin penetration of the active ingredient. Practical examples subsequently show the validity of this approach that demonstrates that one can regulate the delivery of an active molecule (and therefore the efficacy of a cosmetic formulation) by selection and control of the emollient system. Cosmetic formulations are generally quite complex mixtures and subsequent experiments using different emulsifier systems indicated that this component of a cosmetic formulation could also have an impact on steering the active ingredient to the right layer of the skin, although it is too early to be able to derive general rules from this.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.654-666
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• 1995

R502 has been extensively used as a working fluid in transport refrigerating vehicles and low temperature refrigerating machines but is to be phased out by the end of 1995 due to ozone layer depletion problem. In this study, both theoretical cycle analysis and experiments were carried out to examine the best substitutes for R502. Theoretical results indicate that the alternatives available in the market today may replace R502 without significant changes in the system without suction line heat exchanger(SLHX). When the system contains a SLHX, however, COPs of the alternatives increase up to approximately 15~20% than those without the SLHX. But simultaneously, the discharge temperatures of the compressor also increrease significantly with the SLHX. Actual test results obtained from the experiment with a transport vehicle's refrigerator indicate the similar trend as those of the theoretical results. Especially, HFCs and their mixtures show lower discharge temperature than those of R502, which is one of the desirable features. Further research is needed to study the effect of the SLHX on the performance of the real machine as well as on the oil return for reliability of the system.

• 연구논문집
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• s.24
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• pp.161-174
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• 1994

The Ni-Al intermetallic compound that has the greatest potential to be commercialized shows the high ductility at room temperature with the addition of boron, but has extremely low ductility at high temperature and oxidation environment. On this research work, the changes of microstructure and compressive fracture properties were studied in ($NiAl+Ni_3Al$) two-phase alloys. The precipitation behavior of $Ni_3Al$ after solution treatment at $1300^\circC$ for 14hrs and aging treatment at $800^{\circ}C$ for 14hrs was varied with Al content in ($NiAl+Ni_3Al$) two-phase alloys. These microstructure could be modified dramatically by suitable heat treatments. Martensite or martensite plus $Ni_3Al$ microstructure was obtained upon oil quenching from $1300^\circC$. Aging of Martensite at $800^\circC$ resulted in the $Ni_3Al$ plus NiAl phase. The compressive fracture strength and compressive fracture strain were improved by the $Ni_3Al$ plus NiAl phase mixtures at room temperature and $1100^\circC$. Microcracks are observed mostly in the region of NiAl and the interface of $NiAl-Ni_3Al$ phase after compressive test at room temperature. In the case of high temperature compressive test, microcracks are formed in the region of $Ni_3Al$ phase.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.283-286
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• 2011

Powdery mildew and leaf mold were major diseases in organic cultured tomatoes. $NaHCO_3$ and $KH_2PO_4$ were selected as control agents for controlling tomato powdery mildew. Control effect of the selected control agents was increased when they were treated with oil-egg yolk mixtures (OEYO). Also four organic materials used commercially including copper hydroxide and sulfur, showed high control effect more than 90% in green house. Also two organic matters, copper hydroxide and sulfur showed high control effect in farmer's field. When tomatoes were cultivated in plastic house installed with circulation fan, incidence of powdery mildew and leaf mold was reduced by 56% and 60%, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1870-1875
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• 2020

Probiotics are often infused into functional foods or encapsulated in a supplement form to maintain a healthy balance between the gut microbiota and their host. Because there are milk-based functional foods such as yogurt and cheese on the market, it has been suggested that milk-based probiotics could be incorporated into skim milk proteins in a liquid capsule. Skim milk is mainly composed of casein and whey protein, which create a strong natural barrier and can be used to encapsulate probiotics. In this study, we compared the encapsulated probiotics prepared with milk-based concentrated cell mixtures using commercial probiotics. Probiotic capsules were emulsified with skim milk proteins using vegetable oil to form a double coating layer. The product was heat-stable when tested using a rheometer. The survival rate of the milk-based probiotic cells in the lower gastric environment with bile was significantly higher than commercial probiotics. Thus, milk-encapsulated probiotics exhibited greater efficacy in the host than other types of probiotics, suggesting that the former could be more viable with a longer shelf life under harsh conditions than other form of probiotics. Our findings suggested that, compared with other types of probiotics, milk-based probiotics may be a better choice for producers and consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.307-315
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• 2016

The aim of this research is analyzing the fundamental properties and autogenous shrinkage reducing performance of 70 and 100MPa grade high performance concrete including emusified refined cooking oil(ERCO) under the mock-up conditions. As a results of experiment, the mixture contained 0.5% of ERCO showed slightly decreased slump flow while the slump was increased and segregation resistance performance was improved as 2.5 of EIS. For air content, all mixtures satisfied target air content with increased unit weight and delayed setting time with ERCO addition. In the case of compressive strength, when ERCO was added 0.5%, the result of approximately 5 to 10% of increased compressive strength was observed. For the autogenous shrinkage, ERCO contributed on 20-30% of shrinkage reducing performance comparing to Plain mixture without ERCO. It is considered that capillary pore filling action of soap particles occurred by the reaction of ERCO in cement paste between fatty aicd and calcium hydroxide contributed the shrinkage reducing performance. Based on these mock-up test results, application of the high performance concrete mixture with ERCO on CFT actual structure was decided.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2017

The consumption of KimChi, which Korean are a favorite food, has dramatically increased by changes of life style and waste as by-products in KimChi factory. This study was conducted to evaluate an effect of compost of caster oil cake (COC) mixed with waste from KimChi factory (KWF) and its growth effect of lettuce. Treatments were consisted of 4 treatments as COC compost (60% COC+40% sawdust) as control, control+35% KWF (K-1), control+50% KWF (K-2), and control+65% KWF (K-3). Temperature, pH, O.M. and microbial phase of COC composts blended various ratios of KWF or free were unaffected. It was appeared that nitrogen content of KWF treatments was higher, but the ratio of organic matter and nitrogen was lower than the control. Although KWF treatments were acceptable compost under the guideline of Korean, NaCl content of K-3 was 1.91%, and it was very higher than that of others. In comparison with fresh weight and dry weight of lettuce, K-1 and K-3 were similar to control. These results indicated that the waste from KimChi factory was possible to use the composting raw blended materials below 35% mixtures.