• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.376-380
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• 1999

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of feeding winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) oil on egg cholesterol and fatty acid of Japanese quail. Four groups of 10-week-old Japanese quails (n=10 per group) were fed a basal diet (20% CP, 2890 kcal/kg) supplemented with 5% of either animal tallow, soybean oil, corn oil or winged bean oil over an 8-week period. At the end of the experiment, 7 birds in each treatment were killed by decapitation. Blood samples and livers were collected for cholesterol analyses. There were no significant differences in final body weight, feed intake, egg production, egg and yolk weight due to the different oil treatments. Egg and plasma cholesterol levels obtained with the winged bean oil diet were higher than those obtained with the animal tallow or soybean oil diets, but were not significantly different from those obtained with com oil diet. Egg lipid, liver lipid and liver cholesterol content was lower with the winged bean oil diet than with the animal tallow diet. It may be concluded that the winged bean oil diet did not impair laying performance, but increased egg and plasma cholesterol levels compared with soybean oil or animal tallow diets. Winged bean oil diet produced eggs with a higher oleic content and lower linoleic content compared with the soybean or com oil diet.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.207-218
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• 2007

Turbocharger bearings are under the circumstance of high temperature, moreover rotated at high speed. It is necessary to be designed overcoming the high temperature. So the type of oil inlet port, the inlet oil temperature and the sort of engine oil should be designed, controlled and selected carefully in order to reduce the bearing inside temperature. In this study, the influence of aerated oil on a high-speed journal bearing is also examined by using the classical thermohydrodynamic lubrication theory coupled with analytical models for viscosity and density of air-oil mixture in fluid-film bearing. Convection to the walls and mixing with supply oil and re-circulating oil are considered. The considered parameters for the study of bubbly lubrication are oil inlet port's type, oil aeration level and shaft speed. It is found that the type of oil inlet ports and shaft speed play important roles in determining the temperature and pressure distribution, then the friction in a journal bearing at high speed operation. Also, the results show that, under extremely high shaft speed, the high shear effects on aerated oil and the high temperature effects are canceled out each other. So, the bearing load and friction show almost no difference between the aerated oil and pure oil.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.133-145
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• 2017

Palm oil production is among the highest worldwide, and it has been mainly used in the food industry and other commodities. Currently, a lot of palm oil production has been destined for the synthesis of biodiesel; however, its use in applications other than the food industry has been questioned. Thereby for a sustainable development, in this paper the use of palm oil of low quality for corrosion inhibitors synthesis is proposed. The performance of the synthesized inhibitors was evaluated by using electrochemical techniques such as open circuit potential measurements, linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that the fatty amides from palm oil are excellent corrosion inhibitors with protection efficiencies greater than 98%. Fatty amides molecules act as cathodic inhibitors decreasing the anodic dissolution of iron. When fatty amides are added, a rapid decrease in the corrosion rate occurs due to the rapid formation of a molecular film onto carbon steel surface. During the adsorption process of the inhibitor a self-organization of the hydrocarbon chains takes place forming a tightly packed hydrophobic film. These results demonstrate that the use of palm oil for the production of green inhibitors promises to be an excellent alternative for a sustainable use of the palm oil production.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.136-141
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• 2008

Due to environmental concerns $CO_2$ has been reintroduced as a potential candidate to replace HFCs in refrigeration systems since 1990s. In a refrigeration cycle, oil is utilized in lubricating a compressor. However, although oil separators are installed after a compressor oil is prone to leak to the whole system. The mixing of $CO_2$ and oil, even a small amount of oil, the heat transfer performance in heat exchanger deteriorated and the pressure drop inside tube increases. Therefore, it is needed to precisely estimate the mixture thermodynamic properties of $CO_2$-lubricant oil to correctly design a $CO_2$ refrigeration system. The commonly used method in estimating the mixture properties is the mole based weighting model. However, the accuracy of the method can not be assured. In the present study, $CO_2$-lubricant oil mixture properties including viscosity and density were estimated by using the mixture models, based on the equation of state (EOS).

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.71-81
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• 2020

Purpose: This case study illustrates the successful entry of Saudi Aramco in the Korean market and how it grows to become one of the world's largest integrated energy enterprises. Research design, data and methodology: This case investigates diverse secondary sources to examine the entry strategy of Aramco in Korea, such as several interviews including public and anonymous dialogues, periodicals, dispatches (i.e. news articles and magazines), annual reports, industrial reports, and others. Results: The main concern for the international strategic approaching of Saudi Aramco is to enter into Korean market by joint venture with SsangYong Oil (today's S-Oil Corporation) in 1991 and finally, ending by Acquisition of S-Oil in 2015. This acquisition of local No.3 company, S-Oil, in Korea is the successful case in Asian Markets overcoming liability of foreignness. Moreover, Saudi Aramco's global distribution strategy through localization in the Korean market is appropriate given the market conditions, timing, effectiveness, and efficiency by sharing their resources and collaborating. Conclusions: It would be valuable, unique, and real story to analyze global leading company's entry and globalization strategy in overseas market. In addition, this study provides decision-makers with a significant and more strategic implication for the overseas expansion of businesses.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.2 s.53
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• pp.103-113
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• 2006

This study examined effects of crude oil on the phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UDPGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in mussel Mytilus edulis and rockfish Sebastes schlegeli, a representative bivalve and a culture fish, respectively. This work also intended indirectly to evaluate the post impact recovery from the massive oil tanker spillage accidents occurred during the summer of 1995 in the sea area off Yosu City, Chonnam. For these, enzyme activities of UDPGT and GST were examined in the fish and mussel following laboratory exposure to fresh crude oil, weathered oil, field-obtained oil residues, or in the field biota samples. Decreased GST activity was observed in rock fish following exposure to oil-soluble fraction (OSF) of fresh oil. A similar diminished GST activity was also observed after OSF of artificially weathered oil. OSF of field oil residues retrieved from the spillage area approximately 1 year later also exerted a slight inhibition of GST to rockfish. There was neither a change in UDPGT in rockfish, nor were there changes in mussel in both enzymes to any oil fractions. We could not observe any difference in the two enzymes either in rockfish or mussel sampled from the field during $1.5{\sim}2.0$ years post spillage, indicating that their enzyme systems might had been recovered by the sampling time. In conclusion, it seems that the inhibition of GST activity in rockfish is a biomarker response to crude oil exposure. The results, however, must be interpreted with care, as the inhibition nay reflect various factors such as oil concentration, duration and water temperature.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.50
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• pp.21.1-21.3
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• 2020

Sample preparation is significantly important to the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) characterization of nanomaterials. However, many general organic solvents can dissolve the necessary organic polymer support layer in TEM grid, which causes it difficult to obtain high-quality samples of oil-soluble nanomaterials. In this study, a new sample preparation method for oil-soluble nanomaterials has been developed by using the sublimable material as a transition layer. Experiments also show that there is no damage to TEM grids and high-quality HRTEM images can be obtained via this method. This approach paves the way to applicable HRTEM sample preparation of oil-soluble nanomaterials.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1993.07b
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• pp.624-626
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• 1993

The Electrical Charge generated by friction in flowing insulating oil can create hazadous accidents. Neutralization of static charges in the oil during transportation is an obvious method of overcoming the problem of internal electric charge. It is known that SCR(Static Charge Reducer) can neutralize much of this charge by the needle electrode and mixing it with the original charge. In our experiment, a filter to generate static charge was set just befor a measurement pipe, and streaming current from the filter to the earth $I_s$, current from the electrode to the earth $I_e$ and current from the receiving tank to the earth $I_f$ were measured in a steady state. As a result, charge density and needle electrode current increases with increasing of oil temperature. Charge elimination rate decreases with increasing of oil flow rate, and increases with increases of oil temperature. Faraday Cage current decreases with increasing of oil temperature.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

Flax seed(Linseed, Linum usitatissimum L.) and its oil, a richest source of alpha-linolenic acid(ALA)(${\omega}-3$), contain saturated fatty acids, neurotoxic cyanogen glycosides and immuno-suppressive cyclic-nonapeptides. Present paper describes the development of two chemical processes, Process-A and -B, to remove saturated fatty acids and to destroy cyclic nonapeptides and cyanogen glycosides from flax seed oil. Process-A consists of three major steps, i.e., extraction of fatty acid mixture by alkaline saponification, removal of saturated fatty acid by urea-complexation, and triglyceride reconstruction of unsaturated fatty acid via fatty acyl-chloride activation using oxalyl chloride. Process-B consists of preparation of fatty acid ethyl ester by transesterification, elimination of saturated fatty acid ester by urea-complexation, and reconstruction of triglyceride by interesterification with glycerol-triacetate (triacetin). The destruction of lipophilic cyclic nonapeptide during saponification or transesterification processes could be demonstrated indirectly by the disappearance of antibacterial activity of bacitracin, an analogous cyclic-decapeptide. The cyanogen glycosides were found only in the dregs after hexane extraction, but not in the flax seed oil. The reconstructed triglyceride of flax seed oil, obtained by these two different pathways after elimination of saturated fatty acid and toxic components, showed agreeable properties as edible oil in terms of taste, acid value, iodine and peroxide value, glycerine content, and antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.653-657
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• 2011

The efficiency of clove oil, MS-222, and 2-phenoxyethanol was evaluated as anesthetics in juvenile Scomber japonicus. Stage A5 of anesthesia was assumed to be sufficient for conducting routine aquaculture procedures in less than 3 min, with recovery (stage R5) in less than 5 min. The lowest effective doses of the three anesthetics were 50 mg $L^{-1}$ clove oil (anesthetic time of 71.3 s and recovery time of 167.0 s), 100 mg $L^{-1}$ MS-222 (anesthetic time of 70.7 s and recovery time of 115.7 s), and 400 mg $L^{-1}$ 2-phenoxyethanol (anesthetic time of 86.7 s and recovery time of 95.0 s). Anesthetic times decreased with increasing doses for all three anesthetic agents, and fish anesthetized with clove oil exhibited the longest recovery times. After 30 min, the highest plasma cortisol and lactate levels were detected with the use of clove oil, whereas the lowest values were observed with 2-phenoxyethanol. In addition, high glucose levels were maintained during recovery with clove oil, but the treatments did not significantly differ. The most effective of the three anesthetic agents was 2-phenoxyethanol, although all were considered acceptable for use in cultures of juvenile Scomber japonicus.